ABSTRACT Cowpea is a very important crop to Brazilian Semi-Arid mainly small family-based farmers. Rhizobia inoculation is a practice, easy to use, and cheap technology that increases cowpea productivity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of two new rhizobia isolates in greenhouse and field as well as classify them taxonomically. To bacterial identification the 16S rRNA gene of ESA 17 and ESA 18 isolates were sequenced. The greenhouse test was conducted with pots containing 3 L of soil and the bacterial isolates evaluated were ESA 17, ESA 18, BR 3267 or BR 3262 strains. A field experiment was implemented on a Vertisol in Juazeiro, Bahia State, to evaluate the cowpea growth and productivity. In this experiment, the peat-based inoculants with ESA 17, ESA 18, BR 3267 or UFLA 3-84 were used in 2 cowpea cultivars. Both bacteria were identified as Bradyrhizobium, but related to different species. ESA 17 was related to B. japonicum and ESA 18 was closer to B. pachyrhizi. At greenhouse, both isolates increased cowpea nitrogen content in the shoots due to the presence of very efficient nodules. In the field, the isolate ESA 18 inoculated at BRS Pujante cultivar induced higher production than observed for the absolute control, and for BR 17 Gurguéia cultivar, the ESA 17 and BR 3267 stood out both by inducing high production and grain protein content. The results indicate that both isolates can be evaluated in network experiments aiming at official recommendation for new bacteria to cowpea inoculant in Brazil.

As espécies vegetais que ocorrem naturalmente na Caatinga brasileira apresentam diversas adaptações às condições adversas que podem ser exploradas para aumentar a produção vegetal. Entre essas estratégias adaptativas para o enfrentamento da baixa disponibilidade hídrica, a tolerância à dessecação pode ser destacada. Até o momento, a associação entre essas espécies e os microrganismos benéficos do solo não é bem entendida. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram caracterizar bactérias diazotróficas de Tripogon spicatus e avaliar a capacidade de promoção do crescimento delas em plantas de arroz. Dezesseis isolados bacterianos foram estudados quanto a seu posicionamento taxonômico por meio do sequenciamento parcial do gene 16S rRNA, potencial diazotrófico, produção de ácido indol acético (AIA) e solubilização de fosfato de cálcio in vitro, metabolismo de nove diferentes fontes de C em meio semissólido, tolerância a diferentes concentrações de NaCl a pHs e resistência intrínseca a nove antibióticos. A habilidade em promover o crescimento vegetal foi avaliada utilizando o arroz (Oryza sativa) como planta-modelo. Dentre os 16 isolados avaliados, oito foram classificados como pertencentes à família Enterobacteriaceae, relacionados aos gêneros Enterobacter e Pantoea. Seis outros isolados foram relacionados a Bacillus e outros dois a Rhizobium e Stenotrophomonas. A avaliação da incorporação do N ao meio semissólido demonstrou o potencial diazotrófico de todos os isolados. Duas bactérias produziram mais AIA do que a estirpe BR 11175T de Herbaspirillum seropedicae. Isolados bacterianos foram capazes de formar película em meio semissólido suplementado com concentrações de NaCl de até 1.27 mol L-1. A resistência intrínseca a antibióticos e o metabolismo de diferentes fontes de C indicaram um perfil fisiológico muito variável. Sete isolados foram capazes de aumentar o crescimento das plantas de arroz, mais eficientemente do que a estirpe de referência Ab-V5 de Azospirillum brasilense. Os resultados indicaram o potencial de T. spicatus como uma espécie nativa fonte de bactérias promotoras de crescimento vegetal.

Plant species that naturally occur in the Brazilian Caatinga(xeric shrubland) adapt in several ways to these harsh conditions, and that can be exploited to increase crop production. Among the strategic adaptations to confront low water availability, desiccation tolerance stands out. Up to now, the association of those species with beneficial soil microorganisms is not well understood. The aim of this study was to characterize Tripogon spicatusdiazotrophic bacterial isolates from the Caatingabiome and evaluate their ability to promote plant growth in rice. Sixteen bacterial isolates were studied in regard to their taxonomic position by partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, putative diazotrophic capacity, in vitro indole-acetic acid (IAA) production and calcium phosphate solubilization, metabolism of nine different C sources in semi-solid media, tolerance to different concentrations of NaCl to pHs and intrinsic resistance to nine antibiotics. Finally, the ability of the bacterial isolates to promote plant growth was evaluated using rice (Oryza sativa) as a model plant. Among the 16 isolates evaluated, eight of them were classified as Enterobacteriaceae members, related to Enterobacter andPantoeagenera. Six other bacteria were related toBacillus, and the remaining two were related toRhizobiumand Stenotrophomonas.The evaluation of total N incorporation into the semi-solid medium indicated that all the bacteria studied have putative diazotrophic capacity. Two bacteria were able to produce more IAA than that observed for the strain BR 11175Tof Herbaspirillum seropedicae.Bacterial isolates were also able to form a microaerophilic pellicle in a semi-solid medium supplemented with different NaCl concentrations up to 1.27 mol L-1. Intrinsic resistance to antibiotics and the metabolism of different C sources indicated a great variation in physiological profile. Seven isolates were able to promote rice growth, and two bacteria were more efficient than the reference strainAzospirillum brasilense, Ab-V5. The results indicate the potential of T. spicatus as native plant source of plant growth promoting bacteria.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a contribuição de estirpes de rizóbio, eficientes na fixação de nitrogênio, sobre a produção de grãos de novas cultivares de feijão-caupi, indicadas para cultivo no Semiárido brasileiro, no Submédio do Vale do Rio São Francisco. Dois experimentos foram implantados nos perímetros irrigados de Mandacaru (Juazeiro, BA) e Bebedouro (Petrolina, PE). Os tratamentos consistiram da inoculação isolada de cinco estirpes de rizóbio - BR 3267, BR 3262, INPA 03-11B, UFLA 03-84 (Bradyrhizobiumsp.) e BR 3299T (Microvirga vignae) -, além de um tratamento com nitrogênio e de um controle sem inoculação ou aplicação de N. As seguintes cultivares de feijão-caupi foram avaliadas: BRS Pujante, BRS Tapaihum, BRS Carijó e BRS Acauã. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. As plantas inoculadas apresentaram produtividade de grãos similar à observada em plantas adubadas com 80 kg ha-1 de N. As cultivares BRS Tapaihum e BRS Pujante destacaram-se quanto à produtividade e ao teor de proteínas nos grãos, quando inoculadas, o que mostra seu potencial para cultivo na região do Submédio do Vale do São Francisco.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the contribution of efficient nitrogen-fixing rhizobial strains to grain yield of new cowpea cultivars, indicated for cultivation in the Brazilian Semiarid region, in the sub-medium of the São Francisco River Valley. Two experiments were set up at the irrigated perimeters of Mandacaru (Juazeiro, state of Bahia) and Bebedouro (Petrolina, state of Pernambuco). The treatments consisted of single inoculation of five rhizobial strains - BR 3267, BR 3262, INPA 03-11B, UFLA 03-84 (Bradyrhizobiumsp.), and BR 3299T(Microvirga vignae) -, besides a treatment with nitrogen and a control without inoculation or N application. The following cowpea cultivars were evaluated: BRS Pujante, BRS Tapaihum, BRS Carijó, and BRS Acauã. A randomized complete block design, with four replicates, was used. Inoculated plants showed similar grain yield to the one observed with plants fertilized with 80 kg ha-1 N. The cultivars BRS Tapaihum and BRS Pujante stood out in grain yield and protein contents when inoculated, showing their potential for cultivation in the sub-medium of the São Francisco River Valley.