ABSTRACT The objective was to study the stress level in dogs during grooming services in a pet shop. A total of 55 grooming services carried out in a pet shop in the city of Janaúba, MG, were evaluated and divided into four categories according to sex and body weight. The flowchart of the grooming process contained six steps that began with the transportation of dogs to the pet shop and finished with their return to the place of origin. Behavioral, physiological, and blood component evaluations were performed at different steps of the process. Changes in dog behavior and physiological parameters were observed primarily upon arrival at the pet shop and during drying. Employee characteristics also influenced dogs’ behaviors. However, dogs were able to thermoregulate and maintain the homeostasis of leukocytes, glucose and cortisol in the blood.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of wilting times and application of an enzymatic-bacterial inoculant on the fermentative profile and nutritional characteristics of BRS capiaçu grass silage in a semi-arid region. Four wilting times treatments (control, 6, 24, and 30 h), with or without the addition of an enzymatic-bacterial inoculant, were analyzed as a split-plot completely randomized design with eight replications. Parameters of the rumen degradability test were analyzed using a split-plot completely randomized block design with four replications. There was no interaction between wilting times and inoculant application on pH, ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N), and aerobic stability of BRS capiaçu silage. Aerobic stability was reduced by 1.2 h for every 1-h increase in wilting time. Inoculant application reduced the pH values by 2.59% and extended the aerobic stability of the silage by 19 h. There was a significant interaction of wilting times and inoculant application on the levels of malic, succinic, lactic, and acetic acids. Inoculant application increased the contents of dry matter, ash, crude protein, insoluble neutral detergent fiber, and total carbohydrates by 3.63, 6.13, 7.73, 6.39, and 9.97% compared with non-inoculated silages, respectively. Wilting times for up to 30 h and application of enzymatic-bacterial inoculant improves the fermentative profile and chemical composition and reduces dry matter losses of silage of BRS capiaçu grass harvested at 100 days of regrowth.

Resumo No semiárido, a viticultura vem se destacando de maneira expressiva, devido à sua capacidade de possibilitar que as plantas produzam significativamente durante todo o ano. A desidratação é uma alternativa eficiente para conservação de frutos, sendo um processo de fácil aplicação, que estende a vida de prateleira e agrega valor. Desta forma, estudar as cultivares de uvas produzidas nessa região para a produção de uvas-passas faz-se necessário, para verificar a possibilidade de se obter um produto de boa aceitação no mercado. Neste sentido, objetivou-se avaliar as características físicas, químicas e sensoriais de uvas ‘Vitória’, ‘Niágara Branca’ e ‘Benitaka’ desidratadas, produzidas no semiárido. O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratório de Tecnologia de Processamento de Produtos de Origem Vegetal (TPOV) da Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Campus Janaúba ‒ MG. O Delineamento experimental aplicado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com três tratamentos (três cultivares de uvas: Vitória, Niágara Branca e Benitaka) e sete repetições (cada repetição foi composta por três cachos). As passas foram avaliadas quanto aos seguintes parâmetros: grau de umidade, rendimento, pH, sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável e aceitação sensorial. O produto processado a partir da ‘Niágara’ apresentou maior rendimento de processamento, enquanto ‘Vitória’ apresentou maior pH. A cultivar Benitaka se destacou por apresentar um produto com menor umidade e maiores teores de sólidos solúveis e acidez titulável. Quanto aos aspectos sensoriais, as uvas-passas provenientes das cultivares Vitória e Benitaka foram aceitas pelos consumidores em todos os atributos estudados. O produto obtido pela cultivar Niágara Branca foi rejeitado pelos consumidores.

Abstract In the semiarid region of Brazil, viticulture has been expressively highlighted due to its capacity to allow the plants to produce significantly throughout the year. Dehydration is an efficient alternative for fruit preservation, the process being easy to apply, extending the shelf life and aggregating value to the product. It is therefore necessary to study the grape cultivars produced in the region for the production of raisins, observing the possibility of obtaining a product acceptable on the market. Thus the objective of this work was to evaluate the physical, chemical and sensory characteristics of raisins produced from ‘Vitória’, ‘Niágara Branca’ and ‘Benitaka’ grapes in the semiarid region of Brazil. The experiment was carried out in the Technology Laboratory for the Processing of Vegetable Origin Products of the State University of Montes Claros, Campus Janaúba-MG, Brazil. The experimental design was completely randomized, with three treatments (three grape cultivars: Vitória, Benitaka and Niágara Branca) and seven replicates (each replicate composed of three bunches of grapes). The raisins were evaluated for their moisture contents, yield, pH, soluble solids, titratable acidity and sensory acceptance. The product processed from 'Niagara Branca' presented the highest processing yield, while that from 'Vitoria' showed the highest pH value. The Benitaka cultivar stood out for presenting a product with a lower moisture content, higher soluble solids content and higher titratable acidity. As for the sensory aspects, the raisins from the Vitória and Benitaka cultivars were accepted by consumers for all the attributes studied. The product obtained from the Niágara Branca cultivar was rejected by the consumers.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a amonização com ureia em silagens de milheto com diferentes densidades de compactação, quanto aos seus efeitos sobre a composição químico-bromatológica, as perdas no processo de ensilagem, o perfil fermentativo, a contagem de populações microbianas e a estabilidade aeróbia. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 2×4, com duas densidades de compactação (600 e 800 kg m-3) e quatro níveis de ureia (0, 2, 4 e 6% com base na matéria seca), com cinco repetições. Na avaliação da estabilidade aeróbia, utilizou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 2×4, com dois tempos (0 e 72 horas) e quatro níveis de ureia (0, 2, 4 e 6%, com base na matéria seca), com cinco repetições. Os níveis de ureia interagiram significativamente com a densidade, quanto aos teores de matéria orgânica, proteína bruta, proteína insolúvel em detergente neutro e q uanto à recuperação de matéria seca; e com o tempo de exposição, quanto aos teores de fibra em detergente ácido e de lignina. Não se observaram mofos e leveduras nas silagens amonizadas. A densidade de compactação de 800 kg m-3 reduziu as perdas no processo de ensilagem do milheto e proporcionou silagem de maior valor nutritivo do que a compactação a 600 kg m-3. O uso de ureia não reduz as perdas e não melhora a estabilidade aeróbia das silagens; no entanto, controla o crescimento de mofos após a exposição da silagem ao ar.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of urea ammoniation of pearl millet silage, at different compaction densities, on chemical composition, losses in the ensilage process, fermentation profile, microbial population count, and aerobic stability. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 2×4 factorial arrangement, with two compaction densities (600 and 800 kg m-3) and four urea levels (0, 2, 4, and 6% on a dry matter basis), with five replicates. For the aerobic stability assay, the experimental design was completely randomized, in a 2×4 factorial arrangement, with two times (0 and 72 hours) and four urea levels (0, 2, 4, and 6%, on dry matter basis), with five replicates. The urea levels interacted significantly with density as to the contents of organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent insoluble protein, and as to dry matter recovery; and with exposure hours as to the contents of acid detergent fiber and lignin. Molds and yeasts were not observed in the ammoniated silages. The 800 kg m-3 density reduced losses in the fermentation process of pearl millet silage, and promoted better nutritive value than the compaction at 600 kg m-3. The use of urea does not reduce losses and does not improve the aerobic stability of silages; however, it controls mold growth after silage exposure to air.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different sources of lipids in the diets of dairy cows on the intake and digestibility of nutritional fractions, and milk production and composition. The experiment was conducted in a 42-hectare area divided into eight paddocks covered with Brachiaria brizantha. Twelve crossbred Holstein × Zebu cows were distributed into three simultaneous 4 × 4 Latin squares. The treatments consisted of different sources of lipids, as follows: diet with no extra source of lipids; diet with cottonseed as the source of lipids; diet with soy oil; and diet with used frying soy oil. The intakes of dry matter, neutral detergent fiber, crude protein, total carbohydrates, and non-fibrous carbohydrates were similar for all diets. The use of lipid sources caused a decrease in the apparent digestibility of dry matter, neutral detergent fiber, non-fibrous carbohydrates, and crude protein. The levels of protein, lactose, and defatted dry matter were reduced with the use of lipid sources but did not affect milk production. The use of cottonseed, soy oil, and used frying soy oil as sources of lipids in diets for lactating cows at pasture do not improve milk production, and their use is therefore optional.

This experiment was conducted to study the substitution of soybean meal with peanut cake in the supplement by assessing the feeding behavior and the interaction between the thermal environment and the physiological responses of eight crossbred cows with an average live weight of 500 kg. Cows were divided into two 4 × 4 Latin squares and managed on pasture. The peanut cake was included at the levels of 0, 330, 660, and 1,000 g kg-1 in the supplement as a replacement for soybean meal. The feeding behavior variables were not affected by the levels of peanut cake. No differences were found for the physiological parameters of the animals with the replacement of soybean meal for peanut cake in the supplements. Peanut cake can replace up to 100% soybean meal in the supplement of grazing lactating crossbred cows without altering the feeding behavior or physiological parameters of the animals.

The experiment was conducted to assess the effect of substituting corn for soybean hulls on the apparent digestibility of nutrients, carcass performance and characteristics, and yield of cuts of 25 non-castrated male Santa Ines lambs with an initial body weight of 20±2 kg, at approximately 6 months of age, sheltered individually in stalls (1.10 × 1.0 m), considering a totally randomized design, fed 600 g/kg of forage and 400 g/kg of concentrate. Soybean hulls replaced corn at 0, 250, 500, 750, and 1,000 g/kg of dry matter. The intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), NDF corrected for ash and protein (NDFap), total carbohydrates (TC), non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) in g/day, and the digestibility of NFC increased linearly with the soybean hull replacement. Crude protein intake displayed a quadratic response, whereas the intake of EE in g/day, the apparent digestibility coefficients of DM, OM, CP, EE, NDF, ADF, NDFap and TC, TDN, average daily gain, carcass characteristics, and yield of cuts were not affected by the soybean hull levels. Soybean hull substitution increased the intake of DM and nutrients, making it possible to replace up to 1,000 g/kg of dry matter in the diets for confined sheep, as it does not compromise performance, digestibility, carcass characteristics, or yield of cuts when used in sheep nutrition.

Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar as características morfogênicas e estruturais de Brachiaria brizantha e B. decumbens adubados com diferentes doses de nitrogênio (N). O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação, com quatro doses de nitrogênio (0, 75, 150 ou 225 mg/dm³) e duas gramíneas (B. brizantha e decumbens), em um delineamento de blocos casualizados com cinco repetições. A adubação nitrogenada foi parcelada em três aplicações. A taxa de aparecimento foliar, o número total de folhas e o número de perfilhos por planta na B. decumbens foram maiores que na B. brizantha. No entanto, o filocrono, a taxa de alongamento foliar e a duração de vida da folha foram maiores na B. brizantha. A B. decumbens e a brizantha responderam de forma crescente até a dose de 190 mg/dm³ de nitrogênio para a maioria das características avaliadas. O processo de senescência destas forrageiras acelera com o aumento das doses de nitrogênio, reduzindo a duração de vida das folhas.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the morphogenetic and structural characteristics of Brachiaria brizantha and decumbens submitted to different nitrogen doses (N). The experiment was carried in a greenhouse. The treatments consisted of four N doses (0, 75, 150 and 225 mg/dm³ of N) and two grasses (Brachiaria brizantha and decumbens). Nitrogen fertilization was subdivided into three applications. A completely randomized block experimental design with five repetitions was used. For the morphogenetic and structural characteristics, the daily foliar structure emergence, total number of leaves and number of tillers per B. decumbens plant was higher for B. brizantha. However, for phyllochron, the daily foliar prolongation and life duration of the B. brizantha leaf were higher. B. decumbens and brizantha responded increasingly up to 190 mg/dm³ of nitrogen in relation to the majority the available characteristics. The process senescence is accelerated with increase of the nitrogen doses, reducing the life duration of leaves.