Resumo Vazões máximas e mínimas são fundamentais para a gestão dos recursos hídricos, especialmente para outorga de uso da água. Entretanto, a falta de monitoramento e a escassez de dados de vazão são fatores limitantes para tais estudos. Para contornar tal dificuldade, uma das ferramentas mais utilizadas é a regionalização de vazões. O objetivo neste estudo foi desenvolver modelos de regionalização para vazões máximas e mínimas de referênciapara a bacia hidrográfica do Rio das Mortes (MRB) (Unidade de Planejamento e Gestão dos Recursos Hídricos - GD2), sul do estado de Minas Gerais. As séries históricas de vazão de longo termo utilizadas foram disponibilizada pela Agência Nacional das Águas (ANA). Uma análise exploratório preliminar foi realizada, bem como a análise da estacionariedade das séries por meio do teste de tendências de Mann-Kendall. As Funções Densidade de Probabilidade (PDFs) com diferentes números de parâmetros foram utilizadas para estimar as vazões mínimas e máximas associadas a diferentes tempos de retorno e a performance foi avaliada por meio do teste de Anderson-Darling. A Generalized Extreme Values e Wakeby foram as distribuições mais apropriadas para vazões máximas e mínimas, respectivamente. O modelo de regressão para vazões foi ajustado utilizando como variável independente a área de drenagem das estações fluviométricas, sendo que os coeficientes de determinação obtidos foram superiores a 0,90. Desta forma, os modelos de regionalização demonstraram uma boa performance e são uma ferramenta potencial para ser utilizada na gestão dos recursos hídricos.

Abstract Maximum and minimum streamflow are fundamental for water resource management, especially for water rights. However, lack of monitoring and scarce streamflow data limit such studies. Streamflow regionalization is a useful tool to overcome these limitations. The study developed models for regionalization of the maximum and minimum reference streamflows for the Mortes River Basin (MRB) (Water Resources Planning and Management Unit - GD2), Southern Minas Gerais State. The study used long-term streamflow historical series provided by the Brazilian National Water Agency (ANA). Previous exploratory analysis was performed, and it was observed that the streamflow series are stationary according to the Mann-Kendall test. The estimation of the streamflow for different return periods (RP) was performed by fitting Probability Density Functions (PDFs) that were tested by the Anderson-Darling (AD) test. The Generalized Extreme Values (GEV) and Wakeby were the most appropriate PDFs for maximum and minimum streamflows, respectively. The streamflow models were fitted using a power regression procedure, considering the drainage area of the watersheds as inputs. The fittings reached the coefficient of determination (R2) greater than 0.90. Thus, the streamflow regionalization models demonstrated good performance and are a potential tool to be used for water resource management in the studied basin.

ABSTRACT The rainfall-forest canopy interaction can impact on the chemical and physical rain-water features and is expected that different forests will have different effects on throughfall rain-water quality parameters. This study aimed (i) to compare chemical and physical rain-water quality variables observed in both gross precipitation and throughfall measured in two different forest stands (Atlantic semideciduous forest remnant - AFR, and a Eucalyptus urograndis plantation - EUP). Each stand was monitored with 8 internal rain-gauges and one external rain-gauge, encompassing the period from March 2015 to March 2016. The results pointed out a seasonal behavior of chemical and physical rain-water variables. Gross precipitation and throughfall presented different behaviors for pH, NH3, NH4+ and Ca hardness for AFR, and NH3, NH4 +, Phosphate, Chloride, Ca hardness, Total Dissolved Solids and Conductivity for EUP. Besides, significant differences between the stands were found in terms of throughfall indicators for some of the rainfall events, remarkably NH3 and NH4 + which were always higher at AFR. Our findings reinforce that trees and forests promote rain water enrichment with nutrients, performing key role on environmental services such as nutrient water and air pollution mitigation.

The expansion and maintenance of electricity distribution networks generates large amounts of waste, much of it in the form of discarded insulators that are not reused or recycled. This paper describes the results of tests on used and new ceramic and polymeric insulators to verify if their exposure to weathering justifies their replacement. In new and used ceramic insulators, properties such as contact angle, relative density, porosimetry, dilatometry and X-ray diffraction patterns showed no differences or the differences that were found could not be related to their use. The discarded ceramic material showed high thermal stability, an interesting characteristic for application as chamotte. It can also be reused to replace gravel used in substations. In polymeric insulators, thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry and relative density test results suggest degradation of used material compared to new. This would justify their replacement and discard as waste, but they show little recycling potential.