Abstract: The presence of mercury in soils, like other heavy metals, is associated with organic matter and minerals. Mercury deposited in soils is mainly in its oxidized form Hg2+. The adsorption of Hg (II) from aqueous solution into Ca-bentonite was studied. Adsorption percentage was determined as a function of shaking time and temperature to study the thermodynamics and kinetics of Hg (II) adsorption on Ca-bentonite, which was simulated using the MINSQ and GAUSSIAN 09 programs.

Resumen: La presencia de mercurio en los suelos, al igual que otros metales pesados, está asociada con materia orgánica y minerales. El mercurio depositado en los suelos se encuentra principalmente en su forma oxidada Hg2+. En esta investigación se muestra la adsorción de Hg (II) de una solución acuosa en Ca-bentonita, con el fin de estudiar la termodinámica y la cinética de esta adsorción, la cual fue simulada usando los programas MINSQ y GAUSSIAN 09.

Trichodysplasia spinulosa is a rare disease that occurs in the setting of immunosuppression, associated with tolerogenic therapy used in allograft recipients or patients with hematologic malignancies. Clinically, it is characterized by a centrofacial cutaneous eruption of erythematous papules with a central keratinous spicule, often associated with variable degrees of alopecia. Histologic findings are characteristic, and electron microscopy reveals the presence of trichodysplasia spinulosa associated polyomavirus. We report a 47-year-old woman with idiopathic autoimmune pancytopenia refractory to diverse immunosuppressant regimens, with clinical and pathologic findings compatible with the disease, in whom complementary studies were required to exclude other differential diagnoses.

ABSTRACT Several research to explore the possible conversion of CO2 using rhenium(I) tricarbonyl complexes have been reported the last years. In the present work, we investigated a potential use of fac-Re(CO)3(4,4′-di-methyl-2,2′-bipyridyl)L+ complex (C2), where L is an electron-withdrawing ancillary ligands which present an intramolecular hydrogen bond (IHB), in a preliminary electrocatalytic reduction of CO2. The C2 complex was synthesized and characterized according to reported methods earlier. The cyclic voltammogram profile for the C2 complex were studied in dichloromethane under inert atmosphere, and it shows a typical behavior for an electrocatalytic process, the C2 complex illustrate the electrochemical reaction mechanism corresponds to an electrochemical–chemical–electrochemical pathway (ECE). Also, a Vitreous Carbon plate used as working electrode was employed and modified by cycling the anodic region of C2 in CH2Cl2 which involve the oxidative redox response for the −NH2 and −OH groups. The voltammogram profile involve shows a polymeric deposit on the plate surface in a CO2 saturated solution (pH=7.0). A strong electrocatalytic discharge of current is obtained with a wave foot of -1.3 V showing that C2 have the potential to be used in electrocatalyst CO2 reduction.

Abstract The epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) has been underdiagnosed because it does not have a specific clinical presentation, and the signs and symptoms are similar to the irritable bowel syndrome and pelvic inflammatory disease. EOC is less common than breast and cervical cancer, but it is more lethal. On the whole, EOC has an early dissemination to peritoneal cavity, which delays a timely diagnosis and increases the rate of advanced diagnosed disease. The diagnosis usually surprises the women and the primary care physician. Therefore, it is necessary to count on prevention and early diagnosis programs. EOC has 80% response to surgical treatment, but nearly 70% of the patients may relapse in five years. The objectives of this document are presenting a summary of the EOC epidemiology and comment about advancements in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of this cancer. That will raise awareness about the importance of this disease.

Resumen El cáncer ovárico epitelial (COE) ha sido subdiagnosticado debido a que no tiene presentación clínica específica y a que los signos y síntomas son similares al síndrome de colon irritable y a la enfermedad inflamatoria pélvica. Es menos común que el cáncer de mama o el cervicouterino, pero es más letal. En general, tiene diseminación temprana a cavidad peritoneal, lo cual retrasa un pronóstico oportuno e incrementa la tasa de diagnóstico de enfermedad avanzada. Usualmente, el diagnóstico sorprende a la mujer y al médico de primer contacto. Entonces, es necesario contar con programas de prevención y diagnóstico temprano. El COE tiene 80% de respuesta quirúrgica, pero cerca de 70% de las pacientes puede recaer en cinco años. Los objetivos de este documento son presentar un resumen de la epidemiología del COE y comentar los avances en prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento de este cáncer. Esto despertará la conciencia acerca de la importancia de esta enfermedad.

Abstract The epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) has been underdiagnosed because it does not have a specific clinical presentation, and the signs and symptoms are similar to the irritable bowel syndrome and pelvic inflammatory disease. EOC is less common than breast and cervical cancer, but it is more lethal. On the whole, EOC has an early dissemination to peritoneal cavity, which delays a timely diagnosis and increases the rate of advanced diagnosed disease. The diagnosis usually surprises the women and the primary care physician. Therefore, it is necessary to count on prevention and early diagnosis programs. EOC has 80% response to surgical treatment, but nearly 70% of the patients may relapse in five years. The objectives of this document are presenting a summary of the EOC epidemiology and comment about advancements in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of this cancer. That will raise awareness about the importance of this disease.

Resumen El cáncer ovárico epitelial (COE) ha sido subdiagnosticado debido a que no tiene presentación clínica específica y a que los signos y síntomas son similares al síndrome de colon irritable y a la enfermedad inflamatoria pélvica. Es menos común que el cáncer de mama o el cervicouterino, pero es más letal. En general, tiene diseminación temprana a cavidad peritoneal, lo cual retrasa un pronóstico oportuno e incrementa la tasa de diagnóstico de enfermedad avanzada. Usualmente, el diagnóstico sorprende a la mujer y al médico de primer contacto. Entonces, es necesario contar con programas de prevención y diagnóstico temprano. El COE tiene 80% de respuesta quirúrgica, pero cerca de 70% de las pacientes puede recaer en cinco años. Los objetivos de este documento son presentar un resumen de la epidemiología del COE y comentar los avances en prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento de este cáncer. Esto despertará la conciencia acerca de la importancia de esta enfermedad.

Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis is an uncommon skin eruption, characterized by fever and the rapid onset of disseminated, non-follicular, sterile pustules, over an erythematous skin background. It is usually classified as a severe cutaneous adverse drug reaction, whose most relevant triggers are antibiotics and anticonvulsants. However, viral and bacterial infections have also rarely been associated with this dermatosis. We report the case of a patient, who developed lesions of acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis as an extrapulmonary manifestation of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.

Tuberculosis remains a major global health problem. Cutaneous involvement is a rare manifestation of tuberculosis infection. Sporotrichoid clinical pattern consists of a linear arrangement of nodules along the lymphatic vessels. It is often seen in sporotrichosis. Few cases have been reported of cutaneous tuberculosis presenting as a sporotrichoid clinical pattern. We describe a 84-year-old female with ulcerative nodules on upper extremity caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, emphasizing the importance of considering cutaneous tuberculosis in the differential diagnosis of sporotrichoid lesions.

En la actualidad, la tuberculosis sigue siendo un problema de salud pública en el mundo. El compromiso cutáneo es una manifestación poco frecuente de la infección por Mycobacterium tuberculosis. El patrón esporotricoide se refiere a la disposición lineal de los nódulos cutáneos siguiendo el trayecto de los vasos linfáticos, forma de presentación característica de la esporotricosis, de ahí su nombre. Muy pocos casos han sido reportados sobre tuberculosis cutánea con patrón esporotricoide. Se presenta el caso clínico de una mujer de 84 años con nódulos ulcerativos de disposición lineal en miembro superior causados por Mycobacterium tuberculosis, destacando la importancia de incluir a la tuberculosis cutánea en el diagnóstico diferencial de lesiones con patrón esporotricoide.

Introduction: The reported literature about the types of cutaneous adverse antibiotic reactions (ATB-CAR) and the responsible antimicrobial class is scarce. Aim: to describe the clinical and histopathological profile of these reactions, and potential associations between different types of ATB-CAR and causal antibiotic class in a tertiary hospital in Chile. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional retrospective study performed at the Hospital of the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Results: A total of 58 patients were included. The most common type of ATB-CAR was morbilliform (n: 37, 63.8%). The antibiotics most frequently involved were the penicillins and cephalosporins (n: 34, 69.3%). The most common histological pattern in all types of ATB-CAR was superficial perivascular dermatitis with or without spongiosis. There was significant association between urticarial, morbilliform, DRESS and PEGA types, with the use of penicillins, cephalosporins, cotrimoxazole, and lincomycin, respectively (n: 4,100%, n: 15, 40.5%, n: 2; 50%, n: 1, 50%, p < 0.05, respectively). Discussion: This is the first description of the ATB-CAR patterns in South American hospitalized patients. Both clinical and histopathological patterns of ATB-CAR are similar to other published series, however the types of causal antibiotics are different.

Introducción: La literatura médica reportada acerca de los tipos de reacciones cutáneas adversas a antimicrobianos (ATM-cRAM) y la clase de antimicrobiano responsable es escasa. Objetivo: Describir el perfil clínico e histopatológico de estas reacciones, y establecer posibles asociaciones entre los distintos tipos de ATM-cRAM y la clase de antimicrobiano causal, en un hospital terciario en Chile. Material y Método: Estudio transversal analítico retrospectivo realizado en el Hospital de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Resultados: Fue incluido un total de 58 pacientes. El tipo más frecuente de ATM-cRAM fue el morbiliforme (n: 37; 63,8%). Los antimicrobianos más frecuentemente implicados fueron penicilinas y cefalosporinas (n: 34; 69,3%). El patrón histopatológico más frecuente en todos los tipos de ATM-cRAM fue el de dermatitis perivascular superficial, con o sin espongiosis. Hubo asociación significativa entre las ATM-cRAM tipo urticaria, morbiliforme, DRESS y PEGA, con el uso de penicilinas, cefalosporinas, cotrimoxazol y lincomicina, respectivamente (n: 4,100%; n: 15, 40,5%; n: 2; 50%; n: 1; 50%, p < 0,05, respectivamente). Discusión: Este estudio corresponde a la primera descripción de los patrones de ATM-cRAM en pacientes hospitalizados sudamericanos. Tanto los patrones clínicos como histopatológicos de ATM-cRAM son similares a otras series publicadas; sin embargo, los tipos de antimicrobianos causales no coinciden con lo previamente descrito.

A novel photoelectro-Fenton system was built by coupling a carbon sponge (CS) with a carbon steel plate (CSP). When this system contacts a solution containing orange II dye (OGII) under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, 68% of the solution color was removed compared with 0% without UV irradiation. The tests indicate that the CS-CSP arrangement releases iron ions, a phenomenon associated with the removal of 23% of the solution color, a percentage similar to that obtained when Fe2+ and Fe3+ salts are directly placed into the dye solution. The identification of oxidizing free radicals and the color removal percentages indicate that the CS-CSP coupling can operate as in situ Fenton process.

En este trabajo se construyó un sistema fotoelectro-Fenton novedoso mediante el acoplamiento de una esponja de carbón (EC) con una placa de acero al carbón (PAC). Al colocar este arreglo con una solución del colorante naranja II (OGII) irradiando luz ultravioleta, se logró remover el 68% del color de la solución, comparativamente con el 0% obtenido cuando no se aplicó luz UV. Las pruebas realizadas indican que el arreglo EC-PAC libera iones de hierro y que este fenómeno está asociado a la remoción del 23% del color de la solución, porcentaje similar al que se obtiene cuando se colocan sales de Fe2+ y Fe 3+ directamente en la solución del colorante. La identificación de la formación de radicales libres oxidantes cuando se usa el arreglo EC-PAC y los buenos porcentajes de remoción obtenidos son indicios de que el acoplamiento EC-PAC puede estar actuando como un proceso Fenton in situ.

(E)-2-{[(2-Aminopyridin-3-yl)imino]-methyl}-4,6-di-tert-butyl-phenol ( 3: ), a ligand containing an intramolecular hydrogen bond, was prepared according to a previous literature report, with modifications, and was characterized by UV-vis, FTIR, ¹H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HHCOSY, TOCSY and cyclic voltammetry. Computational analyses at the level of DFT and TD-DFT were performed to study its electronic and molecular structures. The results of these analyses elucidated the behaviors of the UV-vis and electrochemical data. Analysis of the transitions in the computed spectrum showed that the most important band is primarily composed of a HOMO→LUMO transition, designated as an intraligand (IL) charge transfer.

The silylant 3-cloropropyltriethoxysilyl was anchored over silica gel in anhydrous conditions in order to react with thiourea to obtain modified silica gel with thiouronium. The aim to obtain an inorganic support that is able to hijack metals from the VIII group such as palladium. The product was characterized by Sbet and FTIR infrared spectroscopy. For the determination of the structure in the modified silica gel NMR spectra of silicon and carbon were preformed in solid state. The coordination form of the modified silica gel to the metal was studied computationally in the context of the DFT theory, using the ADF code. This was a collaborative work with "Fundación Chile" for the recuperation of precious metals from the mining industry.

Iron carbodiimide materials have been prepared using transmetallation reaction from dilithium carbodiimide. The products were characterized by elemental analysis and infrared spectroscopy presenting the characteristic absorption of carbodiimide group (-NCN-). The partial oxidation of iron carbodiimide materials based on s-indacene ligand has shown a clear electronic delocalization observed by IR spectroscopy. The thermal degradation of these materials studied by thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), starts around 180-200°C.

A study was conducted to determine the frequency of malnutrition at the hospital, and to relate it to the demographic variables, the base disease, the presence of neoplasias, and to the institution services. 242 inpatients were studied. A global subjective survey on the nutritional status and another survey to take data from the medical history (diagnosis and presence of cancer, among others) were done. The association between the nutritional status and some variables was assessed in the statistical analysis. The significance level of 0.05 was used in all tests. It was found 39.3 % of malnutrition at the hospital, mainly at the Burn Service, the Burn Intensive Care Unit, Geriatrics and Medicine. The highest frequency of malnourished results with digestive and respiratory diseases. Patients with neoplasias presented higher malnutrition. An effective nutritional intevention program should be implemented to reduce the elevated hospital malnutrition.

Se realizó este estudio para determinar la frecuencia de desnutrición en el hospital, relacionarla con las variables demográficas, la enfermedad de base, la presencia de neoplasias, y con los servicios de la institución. Se estudiaron 242 pacientes, ingresados, a los cuales se les realizó una encuesta global subjetiva sobre el estado nutricional y otra donde se tomaron datos de la historia clínica (diagnóstico y presencia de cáncer, entre otras). En el análisis estadístico se valoró la asociación entre el estado nutricional y algunas variables, utilizándose en todas las pruebas el nivel de significación de 0,05. Se encontró 39,3 % de desnutrición en el hospital, predominando el servicio de quemados, la unidad de cuidados intermedios quirúrgicos, geriatría y medicina. La mayor frecuencia de desnutridos resultó con las enfermedades digestivas y respiratorias. Los pacientes con neoplasias presentaron mayor desnutrición. La desnutrición hospitalaria se encontraba elevada, por lo que se debe realizar un programa de intervención alimentario nutricional efectivo para minimizarla.

The synthesis of the complex Cp<A HREF="#*">*</A>Ru(C8H7) is reported. The new complex is obtained in good yield through the reaction of the tetramer [Cp<A HREF="#*">*</A>RuCl]4 with the monoanion salt of hidropentalene. The complex is indefinitely stable under an inert atmosphere. The characterisation was carried out by NMR techniques. The 1H-NMR spectrum of the complex shows a large range coupling, indicative of a strong electronic interaction in the system. Computational calculations carried out at semiempirical level show that the frontiers orbitals (HOMO and LUMO) are centred on the ruthenium and pentalene giving a theoretical support of the interaction observed in the system. The cyclic voltametry shows only one irreversible oxidation process at 0.840 V.

En este trabajo se reporta la síntesis del complejo [Cp*Ru(C8H7)]. Este nuevo compuesto, se obtiene, en buen rendimiento, a partir del tetrámero [Cp*RuCl]4 y la sal monoaniónica de pentaleno, mostrando estabilidad por tiempo indefinido en atmósfera inerte. La caracterización del nuevo complejo se realiza mediante técnicas de RMN. El espectro de H1-RMN del complejo presenta un acoplamiento de largo alcance, indicando una alta interacción electrónica en el sistema. Los cálculos computacionales llevados a cabo a nivel semiempírico, muestran que la distribución de los orbitales frontera (HOMO y LUMO) esta centrada en el pentaleno y el Rutenio, dando una evidencia teórica de la interacción electrónica que existe en el sistema. Los estudios de voltametría cíclica muestran sólo un proceso de oxidación irreversible a 0.840 V