Aim This review investigated the effect of applying an adhesive after surface treatment of glass-ceramics on the bonding, mechanical or clinical behavior. Methods Studies comparing the adhesive, mechanical or clinical behavior of glass-ceramics, with or without adhesive application after surface treatment, were included. Searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Sciences databases (January 2022), resulting in 15 included studies. Results Regarding the evaluated outcomes, 13 studies assessed bond strength, 2 studies assessed biaxial flexural strength and 1 study assessed fatigue failure load, while no study evaluating clinical outcomes was included. It was possible to observe that the adhesive application after ceramic surface treatment was unfavorable or did not influence the evaluated outcomes. Conclusion Most of the evidence available in the literature shows that the adhesive application after surface treatment does not improve the adhesive and mechanical behavior of glass-ceramics.

Abstract This study aims to evaluate the fatigue resistance of monolithic zirconia (Yz) and multilayer ceramic structures using the CAD-on technique in different thicknesses. Fifty (N=50) standardized single crowns preparations were made in fiberglass-reinforced epoxy resin (NEMA grade G10), digitalized, and restorations were machined in CAD-CAM, composing 5 groups (n= 10): Control: 1.5 mm (milled zirconia framework + manual layered porcelain); Yz monolithic 1.5 mm; Yz monolithic 1.0 mm; CAD-on 1.5 mm; and CAD-on 1.0 mm (milled zirconia framework 0.5 mm thickness bonded by a low fuse ceramic to a milled lithium disilicate layer of 1.0 mm or 0.5 mm, respectively). The G10 bases were conditioned with 10% hydrofluoric acid; the crowns were air abraded with 110 μm alumina particles; and then luted onto each other with self-adhesive resin cement. A cyclic fatigue test was performed (initial load: 400N for 10,000 cycles, frequency of 20 Hz, step size of 200N) until failure, and the data was submitted to a survival statistical analysis. No failures were observed at Yz monolithic 1.5 mm. High and similar performance was observed for Cad-On groups and Yz monolithic 1.0 mm. The control group depicted the worst behavior. The Weibull modulus of CAD-on 1.5 mm was higher than the control while being similar to the other conditions. Both the monolithic systems and the CAD-on technique showed high and similar fatigue fracture behavior and survival rates, which were also higher than the control bilayer system. Both systems reduced the occurrence of delamination failures, making them suitable for clinical use.

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o comportamento à fadiga de estruturas cerâmicas monolíticas de zircônia (Yz) e multicamadas utilizando a técnica CAD-on em diferentes espessuras. Cinquenta (N=50) preparos unitários padronizados foram confeccionados em resina epóxi reforçada com fibra de vidro (NEMA grau G10), digitalizados e as restaurações usinadas em CAD-CAM, compondo 5 grupos (n= 10): Controle: 1,5 mm (estrutura de zircônia fresada + porcelana estratificada manualmente); Yz monolítica 1,5 mm; Yz monolítica 1,0 mm; CAD-on em 1,5 mm; e CAD-on 1,0 mm (estrutura de zircônia fresada com 0,5 mm de espessura ligada por uma cerâmica de baixa fusão a uma camada de dissilicato de lítio fresado de 1,0 mm ou 0,5 mm, respectivamente). As bases do G10 foram condicionadas com ácido fluorídrico a 10%; as coroas foram jateadas com partículas de alumina de 110 μm; e então cimentadas uma sobre a outra com cimento resinoso autoadesivo. Foi realizado um teste de fadiga cíclica (carga inicial: 400N para 10.000 ciclos, frequência de 20 Hz, step de 200N) até a falha, e os dados foram submetidos a uma análise estatística de sobrevivência. Nenhuma falha foi observada para Yz monolítica de 1,5 mm. Desempenho alto e semelhante foi observado para os grupos Cad-On e Yz monolítica 1,0 mm. O grupo controle apresentou o pior comportamento. O módulo de Weibull do CAD-on 1,5 mm foi maior que o grupo controle, sendo semelhante às outras condições. Tanto os sistemas monolíticos quanto a técnica CAD-on apresentaram alto e semelhante desempenho mecânico e taxas de sobrevivência, que também foram superiores ao sistema bicamada de controle. Ambos os sistemas reduziram a ocorrência de falhas de delaminação, tornando-os adequados para uso clínico.

Resumen Las hormigas presentes en los cafetales podrían estar ejerciendo un control natural de la broca del café (BDC), como es el caso de Hypothenemus hampei al depredar a las poblaciones de esta plaga, que quedan en frutos abandonados al final de cada cosecha. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la capacidad depredadora de dos especies de hormigas (Solenopis picea y Crematogaster crinosa) sobre la broca del café con un atrayente en experimentos de campo. Para cada especie, se establecieron diez unidades experimentales (UE) con diez granos de café infestados con broca. Los granos infestados fueron colocados dentro de una malla de anjeo y colgados en árboles de café con un nido de hormigas. Para atraer las hormigas hacia los granos brocados estos fueron asperjados con una solución atrayente. Como testigo absoluto se usaron los mismos tratamientos con exclusión de hormigas y como testigo relativo granos brocados sin atrayente. La tasa de depredación de S. picea después de 24 h fue de 78,3%, seguida por C. crinosa con 34,3%. El cebo atrayente incrementó en un 22% la atracción de hormigas y depredación de estados biológicos de broca en cada UE, frente al tratamiento no asperjado. Los resultados muestran que las especies de hormigas evaluadas redujeron las poblaciones residuales de H. hampei; S. picea más que C. crinosa.

Abstract The ants present in coffee plantations could be exerting a natural control of the Coffee Berry Borer (CBB), Hypothenemus hampei by preying on the populations of this pest, in fruits abandoned at the end of each harvest. The objective of this research was to evaluate the predatory capacity of two species of ants (Solenopis picea and Crematogaster crinosa) on the CBB with an attractant in field experiments. For each species, ten Experimental Units (EU) containing ten coffee beans infested with CBB were established. The infested grains were placed inside a plastic mesh and hung in trees with that had an ant nest. To attract the ants to the coffee berries, the berries were sprayed with an attractant solution. The same treatments were used with exclusion of ants as absolute control and infested berries without attractant as relative control. The predation rate of S. picea after 24 h was 78.3%, followed by C. crinosa with 34.3%. The attractant bait increased an average of 22% the attraction of ants and predation of biological stages of CBB in each EU, compared to the non-sprayed treatment. The results show that the evaluated ant species reduced the residual populations of H. hampei; S. picea more than C. crinosa.

Resumen: La fístula gástrica aguda es una de las principales complicaciones vinculadas a la gastrectomía vertical laparoscópica (GVL). Existen múltiples opciones terapéuticas para su resolución, siendo el tratamiento endoscópico mediante colocación de clips o stents uno de los más importantes. La aplicabilidad de cada método va a depender del tipo de fístula y del estado del paciente. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 35 años, que desarrolla una fístula aguda posterior a una GVL. Se realiza tratamiento endoscópico con colocaciónn del sistema “over-the-scope clip” (Ovesco®) a nivel del orificio fistuloso, con posterior colocaciónn de stent metálico auto expandible.

Abstract: Acute gastric fistula is one of the main complications associated with laparoscopic vertical gastrectomy (LVG). There are multiple therapeutic options for its resolution, being endoscopic treatment by placing clips or stents one of the most important. The applicability of each method will depend on the type of fistula and the patient's condition. We present the case of a 35-year-old woman who developed an acute fistula after LGV. Endoscopic treatment is performed with placement of the over-the-scope clip system (Ovesco®) at the level of the fistulous orifice, with subsequent placement of a self-expanding metal stent.

Resumo: A fístula gástrica aguda é uma das principais complicações associadas à gastrectomia vertical laparoscópica (GVL). Existem múltiplas opções terapêuticas para a sua resolução, sendo o tratamento endoscópico com colocação de clipes ou stents uma das mais importantes. A aplicabilidade de cada método dependerá do tipo de fístula e do estado do paciente. Apresentamos o caso de uma mulher de 35 anos que apresentou uma fístula aguda após GVL. O tratamento endoscópico foi realizado com a colocação do sistema de clipe over-the-scope (Ovesco®) no nível do orifício fistuloso, com posterior colocação de stent metálico autoexpansível.

Using molecular simplification and molecular hybridization approaches, a series of 2-(benzylthio)-1H-benzo[d]imidazoles was synthesized and evaluated as in vitro inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) growth. Compounds 6p and 6z were considered the lead compounds from this series of molecules, with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 6.9 and 3.8 µM against M. tuberculosis H37Rv, respectively. Additionally, the leading compounds were active against multidrug-resistant strains and were devoid of apparent toxicity to Vero and HepG2 cells, from 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and neutral red assays. Finally, the compounds presented good aqueous solubility and high plasma stability. These data together indicate that this class of molecules may furnish new anti-tuberculosis drug candidates for future development.

Abstract Breast cancer is one of the leading types of cancer worldwide, and the search for new treatment options are crucial. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) -specially ibuprofen and diclofenac-, have shown antitumoral effect against several types of cancer. The synthesis of organometallic compounds has shown significant improvements in pharmacological properties and efficacy of organic molecules. Two zinc II ternary complexes containing the NSAIDs diclofenac and ibuprofen and nicotinamide neutral linker (Nic) were obtained by the two-step solvent metalligand complexation method. The compounds Zn2(Diclof)4(Nic)2 (complex 1) and Zn2(Ibup)4(Nic)2 (complex 2) were tested in breast cancer cell lines (4T1, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) to evaluate their cytotoxicity, comparing to ibuprofen and diclofenac as controls. We found that both complex 1 and 2 exerted more than 60% reduction in 4T1 viability at 250µM, and complex 2 decreased cell viability at 250 µM and 137.5 µM in MCF-7 (34.35% and 26.42% reduction, respectively) and in MDA-MB-231 (57.2% and 22.88% reduction, respectively), all compared to controls. Complex 1 was selective only in MCF-7, and complex 2 was selective in both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. In summary, our data showed that the cytotoxic effect of complex 1 and 2 is increased comparing to their original NSAID in different breast cancer cell lines, highlighting their potential anti-tumoral activity.

Resumen: Presentamos el caso de una paciente de sexo femenino de 40 años que consultó por astenia, adinamia, mareos y disnea progresiva de diez meses de evolución agregando en los últimos cuatro meses disfagia intermitente para sólidos. La radiografía esofágica con bario evidenció la presencia de una estenosis subcricoidea con buen pasaje distal y la videogastroscopía demostró inmediatamente por debajo del cricofaríngeo una membrana fibrosa estenosante. Se realizó tratamiento con hierro vía oral y reiteradas sesiones de dilatación con balón que lograron la resolución de los síntomas. El síndrome de Plummer-Vinson es una entidad poco frecuente caracterizada por la tríada anemia ferropénica, disfagia y membrana esofágica alta.

Abstract: The study presents the case of a 40 year old female patient who consulted for asthenia, adynamia, dizziness and progressive dyspnea with 10 months of evolution, evidencing intermittent solid dysphagia in the last 4 months. Barium X-rays of the esophagus evidenced subcricoid stenosis with good distal passage and the gastroscopy immediately showed a stenosing fibrous membrane under the cricopharyngeal. Iron oral treatment was initiated and several sessions with a balloon catheter which solved the symptoms. Plummer-inson syndrome is a rare entity characterized by iron deficiency anemia, dysphagia and a high esophageal membrane.

Resumo: Apresentamos o caso de uma paciente de sexo feminino de 40 anos que consultou por astenia, adinamia, tontura e dispneia progressiva com 10 meses de evolução e disfagia intermitente para sólidos nos últimos 4 meses. A radiografia esofágica com bário mostrou a presença de estenose abaixo da cartilagem cricoide com boa passagem distal e a endoscopia digestiva alta evidenciou membrana fibrosa estenosante logo abaixo do cricofaríngeo. Realizou-se tratamento com ferro por via oral e várias sessões de dilatação com balão com eliminação dos sintomas. A síndrome de Plummer-Vinson é uma doença rara caracterizada pela tríade ferropenia, disfagia e membrana esofágica alta.

Resumen Puto barberi (Hemiptera: Putoidae) y Toumeyella coffeae (Hemiptera: Coccidae) son las especies de insectos más limitantes en el establecimiento de cafetales en Norte de Santander, Colombia. Con el fin de identificar las plantas hospedantes de estas plagas, se realizó un diagnóstico en fincas seleccionadas aleatoriamente a partir de zonas previamente reportadas con estos problemas fitosanitarios. En cada finca se trazaron transectos, donde se desenterraron las arvenses y se registró el número de plantas por morfoespecie y la presencia de P. barberi y T. coffeae en cada una. Para la identificación de las arvenses se preservaron individuos por morfoespecie botánica y los insectos se depositaron en viales con etanol al 76 %. Se trazaron 85 transectos, se evaluaron 6.880 plantas, pertenecientes a 22 familias, 37 géneros y 38 especies. Puto barberi se registró en 20 de las 38 especies, presentando mayor presencia en Eirmocephala brachiata, Sida rhombifolia, Conyza bonariensis, Amaranthus hybridus, Leonurus japonicus y Emilia sonchifolia con valores entre 14,0 % y 30,0 %. Toumeyella coffeae se registró en nueve especies, siendo Erato vulcanica (11,43 %), Leucaena leucocephala (11,11 %) y E. sonchifolia (8,87 %) los hospedantes más frecuentes. Al relacionar las especies de plantas más comunes en la caficultura de Norte de Santander, así como las mayores presencias de las dos plagas en campo, se concluye que S. rhombifolia, E. sonchifolia y C. bonariensis albergan las mayores poblaciones de P. barberi y T. coffeae. El presente estudio genera las bases para evaluar y diseñar estrategias de control cultural y agroecológico de P. barberi y T. coffeae.

Abstract Puto barberi (Hemiptera: Putoidae) and Toumeyella coffeae (Hemiptera: Coccidae) are the most limiting species in the establishment of coffee crops in Norte de Santander, Colombia. In order to identify the host plants of the above pest species, farms with coffee crops from previously reported infested coffee areas were randomly selected. On each farm, transects were traced and weeds were pulled in order to record the number of plants present per morphospecies and the presence of P. barberi and T. coffeae on each one. For weed identification, two plants per morphospecies were preserved and the insects found were stored in 76 % ethanol. Eighty-five transects were sampled, producing 6,880 plants belonging to 22 families, 37 genera and 38 species for evaluation. P. barberi was recorded on 20 of the 38 plant species found, and predominated on Eirmocephala brachiata, Sida rhombifolia, Conyza bonariensis, Amaranthus hybridus, Leonurus japonicus and Emilia sonchifolia; with values ranging between 14 % and 30 %. Toumeyella coffeae was recorded on nine species, with Erato vulcanica (11.43 %), Leucaena leucocephala (11. 11 %) and Emilia sonchifolia (8.87 %) being the most frequent hosts. Taking into account the most common botanical species found in the coffee areas of Norte de Santander, as well as the most frequent plants hosting both insect pests in the field, it was concluded that S. rhombifolia, E. sonchifolia, and C. bonariensis contained the highest populations of P. barberi and T. coffeae. This study provides a basis for the design and evaluation of cultural and agroecological control strategies for P. barberi and T. coffeae.

Abstract Background: Allergic conjunctivitis is caused by an IgE-mediated mechanism or immediate hypersensitivity due to allergen direct contact on the conjunctival surface of sensitized patients, which elicits mastocyte activation and inflammatory mediators’ release. Up to 47% of patients with allergic conjunctivitis can develop sensitization to perennial allergens; more than 24% of patients can experience sensitization to multiple allergens. Objective: To estimate positive skin reactivity to allergens in patients diagnosed with allergic conjunctivitis in the allergology outpatient clinic of Centro de Especialistas Santo Domingo, in Cartagena, Colombia, during 2017. Method: Cross-sectional study of 92 patients aged between 3 and 74 years, included by convenience sampling. Results: 70.65% had positive skin prick tests to at least one allergen. Most common allergens with positive skin reactivity were house dust mites (65.2%), animal epithelia (15.2%), insects (15.2%) and food (14.1%). Allergic rhinitis (51%), allergic asthma (23%) and atopic dermatitis (10%) were the most commonly associated allergic pathologies. Conclusions: Positive skin reactivity to the studied allergens was significantly higher in patients with allergic conjunctivitis and other associated conditions.

Resumen Antecedentes: La conjuntivitis alérgica es producida por un mecanismo mediado por IgE o hipersensibilidad inmediata por el contacto directo del alérgeno sobre la superficie conjuntival de pacientes sensibilizados, provocando activación mastocitaria y liberación de mediadores inflamatorios. Hasta 47 % de los pacientes con conjuntivitis alérgica puede presentar sensibilización a alérgenos perennes y más de 24 %, sensibilización a varios alérgenos. Objetivo: Estimar la reactividad cutánea positiva a alérgenos en pacientes con diagnóstico de conjuntivitis alérgica en la consulta de alergología del Centro de Especialistas Santo Domingo, en Cartagena, Colombia, durante 2017. Método: Estudio transversal de 92 pacientes entre tres y 74 años, incluidos por muestreo por conveniencia. Resultados: 70.65 % presentó reactividad positiva a las pruebas cutáneas al menos a un alérgeno. Los alérgenos con reactividad cutánea positiva más frecuentes fueron los ácaros del polvo domestico (65.2 %), epitelios de animales (15.2 %), insectos (15.2 %) y alimentos (14.1 %). La rinitis alérgica (51 %), asma alérgica (23 %) y la dermatitis atópica (10 %) fueron las patologías alérgicas asociadas más frecuentes. Conclusiones: La reactividad cutánea positiva a los alérgenos estudiados fue significativamente mayor en los pacientes con conjuntivitis alérgica con otras enfermedades asociadas.

RESUMEN Objetivo. Identificar factores asociados a altos y bajos niveles de recuentos de células somáticas (RCS) en tanques de hatos lecheros del Sudeste de Brasil. Materiales y métodos. Se analizaron 68 hatos lecheros con niveles altos y bajos de RCS en tanque. Para identificar factores asociados al personal vinculado al ordeño y relacionarlos con RCS se aplicaron encuestas y listas de chequeo para la rutina y el equipo de ordeño. Resultados. El personal vinculado al ordeño, administración y gestión del productor explicaron hasta el 40.28% de la variabilidad entre rebaños, mientras que el bienestar y la estabilidad del ordeñador explicaron hasta el 28%. La planeación y organización del productor fueron relevantes en el RCS, al igual que el estado del equipo y la rutina de ordeño. Análisis separados de empleado y propietario permitieron concluir que existe mayor variabilidad para los primeros, diferenciándose por conocimientos en la producción de leche y el manejo de la mastitis, la rutina y la experiencia. Conclusión. Existen factores clasificatorios en los sistemas de ordeño del sudeste de Brasil asociados al personal, el equipo y la rutina de ordeño. El entendimiento de estos factores posibilitará la implementación de estrategias que permitan producir leche de mejor calidad.

ABSTRACT Objective. To identify factors associated with high and low Somatic Cell Counts (SCC) levels in bulk tanks of dairy farms in Southeast Brazil. Materials and methods. A total of 68 dairy herds with high and low bulk tank SCC levels were analyzed. Surveys and checklists were applied to the personnel regarding milking routines and equipment. Results. Milkers and management personnel explained up to 40.28% of the variability among herds, while the milker’s well-being and stability explained up to 28%. Planning and organization were relevant for SCC, as well as the state of the equipment and the milking routine. According to separate analyzes of employees and owners, employees have greater variability in terms of knowledge on milk production, mastitis, milking routine, and experience. Conclusion. There are qualifying factors in milking systems in southeastern Brazil associated with milking personnel, equipment and milking routine. Understanding these factors will enable the implementation of strategies to produce better quality milk.

Tuberculosis remains among the top causes of death triggered by a single pathogen. Herein, a greener synthetic approach for isonicotinoylhydrazones is described using ultrasound energy. These compounds were used as starting materials for synthesizing pentacyanoferrate(II)-isonicotinoylhydrazones, which inhibited the reaction catalyzed by Mycobacterium tuberculosis 2-trans-enoyl-ACP(CoA) reductase (MtInhA) in a time-dependent manner. The most active coordination complex showed an increase of more than ten-fold in the MtInhA inhibition rate constant compared with lead pentacyano(isoniazid)ferrate(II) (IQG607). Additionally, the new series of metal-based compounds demonstrated antitubercular activity against a drug-susceptible Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strain and was devoid of toxicity to mammalian cells (IC50 > 20 µmol L-1, half maximal inhibitory concentration). Finally, one of the synthesized compounds showed intracellular activity similar to isoniazid in a macrophage model of Mtb infection, indicating that this chemical class may furnish novel structures to embark on the preclinical phase of anti-tuberculosis drug development.

Abstract: Background: In Colombia, there have been studies on the prevalence of allergic diseases such as asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis. Prevalence studies of urticaria in Colombia are scarce. Objective: Our objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of urticaria in Cartagena (Colombia) in order to contribute to national epidemiological estimates of disease. Methods: A multicenter cross-sectional study in the city of Cartagena was conducted and 547 patients aged 1-58 years treated at the Allergy specialist consultation in care centers selected for this study between April and July 2015 were included, through non-probabilistic sampling. Results: The prevalence of urticaria in the care centers selected of city of Cartagena (Colombia) was 7.1 % (4 % children and adults 3.1 %). 3.4 % prevalence of acute urticaria and 3.6 % of chronic urticaria was estimated.

Resumen: Antecedentes: En Colombia se han realizado estudios de prevalencia de enfermedades alérgicas como asma, rinitis alérgica y dermatitis atópica. Los estudios de prevalencia de urticaria en Colombia son escasos. Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia de urticaria en Cartagena, Colombia, con el fin de contribuir a las estimaciones epidemiológicas nacionales de esta enfermedad. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal multicéntrico en la ciudad de Cartagena y se incluyeron 547 pacientes entre 1 y 58 años atendidos en la consulta especializada de alergología en los centros de atención seleccionados para esta investigación entre abril y julio de 2015, mediante un muestreo por conveniencia. Resultados: La prevalencia de urticaria en los centros de atención seleccionados de la ciudad de Cartagena fue de 7.1 % (niños 4.0 % y adultos 3.1 %). Se estimó una prevalencia de 3.4 % de urticaria aguda y de 3.6 % de urticaria crónica. Conclusiones: El 46.1 % de los pacientes manifestó tener una mala calidad de vida asociada con la urticaria.

Many small bowel disorders represent a great challenge for gastroenterologists and endoscopists due to the very low rates of success showed by the different diagnosis techniques. The advent of the capsule endoscopy and double-balloon endoscopy has allowed a total, secure and efficient examination of the small bowel, which represents a real impact in diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of our patients. The capsule endoscopy is a safe, minimally invasive procedure, which does not need sedation, does not cause pain, and allows the observation of the totality of the small bowel. Furthermore, the double-balloon endoscopy is the complementary technique necessary to provide a therapeutic procedure (cauterizing angiodysplasia, polypectomy, biopsies), and hence achieving resolution of various disorders.

Las múltiples patologías del intestino delgado han supuesto un enorme desafío para gastroenterólogos y endoscopistas debido a las muy bajas tasas de rédito diagnóstico que las diferentes técnicas paraclínicas ofrecían. El advenimiento de la cápsula endoscópica y la enteroscopía de doble balón ha permitido una exploración total, segura y eficiente del intestino delgado lo que ha generado un impacto real en el diagnóstico, tratamiento y pronóstico de nuestros pacientes.La cápsula endoscópica es un procedimiento seguro, mínimamente invasivo, no precisa sedación, no genera dolor y permite observar la totalidad del intestino delgado. Por su parte la enteroscopía de doble balón es la técnica endoscópica complementaria necesaria para brindar una intervención terapéutica (cauterizar angiodisplasias, polipectomías, toma de biopsias) logrando así un abordaje resolutivo de las diversas patologías.

El minador de la hoja del café, Leucoptera coffeella, es una de las principales plagas del cultivo del café (Coffea arabica) en la región neotropical, ocasionando pérdidas en rendimiento hasta del 80%, en países como Brasil. En Colombia ha sido poco estudiado, debido a que los ataques han sido esporádicos. Esta investigación exploratoria fue conducida con el propósito de realizar un diagnóstico del minador y sus parasitoides en el departamento de Antioquia, donde se evaluó el porcentaje de infestación de la plaga y el parasitismo natural, a través de un muestreo bietápico en más de 1.100 lotes cafeteros entre 2 y 5 años de edad. Se evaluaron 60 árboles por lote mediante un muestreo sistemático, durante cuatro momentos entre los años 2013 y 2014. Los resultados mostraron promedios de infestación del minador inferiores al 2% y promedios de parasitismo que oscilaron entre 58 y 89 %. Emergieron en total, 787 parasitoides del orden Hymenoptera, familia Eulophidae, distribuidos en dos subfamilias: Eulophinae y Entodininae. Se identificaron siete especies: Closterocerus coffeellae, Closterocerus lividus, Zagrammosoma multilineatum, Pnigalio sarasolai, Horismenus sp., Horismenus n. sp., y Apleurotropis n. sp., estas dos últimas nuevas especies para Colombia, y quizás para la ciencia. El controlador natural más abundante fue C. coffeellae. Se recomienda el manejo de esta plaga, a partir de una estrategia de control biológico por conservación.

Coffee Leaf Miner, Leucoptera coffeella is one of the main insect coffee pests in the Neotropics, causing yield decreases up to 80%, in countries such as Brazil. In Colombia, this insect pest has been poorly studied, since the damage it causes has been sporadic. This exploratory investigation was carried out in order to diagnose the damage caused by the coffee leaf miner and its parasitoids in the department of Antioquia. Pest infestation levels were evaluated as to incidences of natural parasitism, identifying the species of the parasitoids, through a bietapic sampling performed in more than 1,100 coffee crops between the ages of 2 and 5 years. Sixty (60) coffee trees per crop were evaluated four times through systematic sampling between 2013 and 2014. The results indicated an average of leaf miner infestation level under 2%, and parasitism levels between 58 and 89 %. In total, 787 parasitoid individuals emerged, all belonged to the Order Hymenoptera, family Eulophidae, comprising two subfamilies: Eulophinae and Entodininae. Seven parasitoid species were identified: Closterocerus coffeellae, Closterocerus lividus, Zagrammosoma multilineatum, Pnigalio sarasolai, Horismenus sp., Horismenus n. sp., and Apleurotropis n. sp. These last two new species for Colombia, and perhaps for science. The most abundant natural enemy of coffee leaf miner was the species C. coffeellae. The management of this insect pest by means of a conservation biological control strategy is recommended.

Introducción: el cáncer colorrectal (CCR) es la tercera causa de muerte por cáncer en hombres y la segunda causa de muerte por cáncer en mujeres de nuestro país. Se ha sugerido que los pacientes con hernias de pared abdominal tendrían más posibilidades de asociar CCR, lo que ha llevado a recomendar por parte de numerosas sociedades científicas la realización de videocolonoscopía (VCC) para búsqueda de CCR previo a la resolución quirúrgica de las hernias. Estudios más recientes han cuestionado esta indicación, no recomendando la realización de VCC en pacientes con hernias de la pared abdominal sin otra sintomatología. Objetivo: Específico. Establecer la prevalencia de CCR y lesiones preneoplásicas en pacientes en valoración preoperatoria de hernias de pared abdominal. Secundario. Establecer si existe asociación estadística entre CCR y la aparición de hernias abdominales. Material y método: se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de casos controles que incluyó a pacientes que concurrieron en el período comprendido entre enero de 2006 y febrero de 2014 al servicio de Endoscopía Digestiva del Hospital de Clínicas. Se definieron como casos los pacientes a quienes se les había indicado una VCC previa a la reparación quirúrgica de su hernia de pared abdominal y se definieron como controles al grupo de pacientes que concurrió al mismo servicio en el mismo período a realizarse VCC para tamizaje de cáncer de colon. Resultados: en el grupo de casos se incluyeron 225 pacientes. En este, 55 VCC (24,4%) fueron incompletas por diversos motivos (56,4% por intolerancia). Se encontraron dos pacientes (0,9%) con cáncer de colon (uno cáncer de colon ascendente y el otro cáncer de colon descendente). En el grupo control se incluyeron 230 pacientes. En este grupo, un paciente (0,43%) presentó cáncer de colon ascendente; 21 VCC (9,1%) fueron parciales debido a intolerancia en el mayor porcentaje de los casos. Discusión: está demostrada la relación entre patologías que aumentan la presión intraabdominal y la posterior aparición de hernias, por lo que se podría pensar que un CCR sintomático pueda desencadenar la aparición de las mismas; sin embargo, no existe fundamento que sustente que un CCR asintomático pueda provocar lo mismo. En este estudio no hubo diferencias significativas en la frecuencia de CCR entre el grupo de casos y controles. Conclusiones: la decisión de realizar o no una VCC debería seguir los lineamientos habituales recomendados por las sociedades científicas respecto al screening de CCR y no basarse en la sola presencia de las hernias para realizar dicho estudio.

Resumo Introdução: a radio-quimioterapia é uma opção de tratamento curativo do carcinoma de cérvix, particularmente em pacientes do meio hospitalar uruguaio cujo diagnóstico é feito em estádios localmente avançados. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar os resultados terapêuticos e a toxicidade crônica deste tratamento no Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell (CHPR). Método: foram incluídas 164 pacientes portadoras de carcinoma cérvico-uterino que completaram o tratamento de radio-quimioterapia no período junho de 2006 - novembro de 2008. A radioterapia externa (RTE) foi feita por irradiação pélvica (concomitante com cisplatina semanal) e braquiterapia (BT) útero-vaginal. A dose biológica efetiva para tumor, reto e bexiga foi calculada. A taxa de controle loco-regional e a sobrevida aos cinco anos foram calculadas e também as complicações crônicas utilizando o método de Kaplan-Meier. Resultados: a sobrevida global obtida foi de 67% aos cinco anos, mostrando diferenças significativas entre o estádio II (78%) e o estádio III (49%) (Log-rank test, p = 0,0002). A taxa de complicações crônicas graus 3-4, de acordo com a RTOG (Radiation Therapy Oncology Group), foi 1,8% para as urinarias e 3,7% para as digestivas. O controle local inicial foi de 89% e a persistência da lesão de 10,3%; recidiva loco-regional (RL) em todo o período: 19,5%; metástases com ou sem RL: 10,3%. Conclusões: a eficácia terapêutica da radioquimioterapia no câncer de cérvix no nosso meio foi confirmada. A maioria das recidivas ou persistências foi devida a falta de controle loco-regional depois do tratamento inicial. O tratamento foi bem tolerado, com baixa porcentagem de complicações crônicas, comparável a referências internacionais.

Abstract Introduction: colorectal cancer is the third cause of death for cancer in men and the second cause of cancer in women in our country. It has been suggested that patients with abdominal wall hernias would have more chances of associating colorectal cancer, what has led many scientific societies to recommend patients to undergo a video colonoscopy to look for colorectal cancer prior to the surgical treatment of the hernia. More recent studies have questioned such indication, and do not recommend the video colonoscopy I patients with abdominal wall hernias in the absence of other symptoms. Objective: Specific. To determine the prevalence of colorectal cancer and pre-neoplastic lesions in patients during preoperative assessment of abdominal wall hernias. Secondary. To determine if there is a statistical connection between colorectal cancer and abdominal wall hernias. Method: we conducted a retrospective study of control cases, which included patients who were seen at the Digestive Endoscopy Unit of the University Hospital between January 2006 and February 2014. Cases were defined between when a colonoscopy had been indicated prior to the surgical repair of their abdominal wall hernia, and the control group was made up of patients who were seen at the same unit, during the same period of time, seeking for a video colonoscopy for a colorectal cancer screening. Results: 225 patients were included in the cases group. Within this group, 55 video colonoscopies (24.4%) were incomplete for several reasons (56.4% due to intolerance). Two patients (0.9%) were diagnosed with colorectal cancer (one of cancer in the ascending colon and the other one cancer in the descending colon). 230 patients were included in the control group. In this group, one patient (0.43%) presented cancer in the ascending colon, 21 colorectal cancer (9.1%) were partial given to intolerance, in most cases. Discusion: the association between conditions that increase intra-abdominal pressure and result in hernias has been proved; and for this reason it could be thought that a symptomatic colorectal cancer could cause them. However, there is no evidence that indicates that an asymptomatic colorectal cancer could cause the same. In this study there were no meaning differences in the frequency of colorectal cancer between the case and the control groups. Conclusions: the decision as to whether to perform a video colonoscopy or not should follow the usual guidelines recommended by the scientific societies regarding the colorectal cancer screening instead of basing the decis0ion on the presence of hernias.