With the advent of the laser in the 1960s, new microscopy techniques were developed, some of which even made it possible to obtain superresolved images. In this scenario, the SPIFI (SPatIal Frequency-modulated Imaging) technique has stood out for presenting a relatively simple optical assembly, with fast image acquisition and being suitable for scattering media. This imaging technique uses a focal line as a light source on the sample and performs detection using a single photodetector. The focal line is modulated in intensity by a rotating mask (Lovell reticle), encoding each part of the line with a different frequency. The deconvolution of the SPIFI signal collected by the photodetector, performed using a Fourier Transform (FFT), allows for obtaining the signal in the frequency domain, indicating the luminous intensity for each section of the focal line. The composition of the object image can then be obtained by scanning this focal line over the sample. The present study aims to present this frontier technique with a simplified assembly, which can be developed in teaching laboratories, making it more accessible, but still with the inherent benefits of the SPIFI technique.

Com o advento do laser na década de 1960, novas técnicas de microscopia foram desenvolvidas, algumas possibilitando inclusive a obtenção de imagens com superresolução. Neste cenário, a técnica SPIFI (SPatIal Frequency-modulated Imaging), tem se destacado por apresentar uma montagem óptica relativamente simples, com rápida aquisição de imagens e ser adequada para meios espalhadores. Esta técnica de imageamento utiliza uma linha focal como fonte de luz na amostra e realiza a detecção por meio de um único fotodetector. A linha focal é modulada em intensidade por uma máscara giratória (retículo de Lovell), codificando cada trecho da linha com uma frequência diferente. A deconvolução do sinal SPIFI coletado pelo fotodetector, realizada por meio de uma Transformada de Fourier (FFT), permite obter o sinal no domínio das frequências, indicando a intensidade luminosa para cada trecho da linha focal. A composição da imagem do objeto pode então ser obtida pela varredura desta linha focal sobre a amostra. O presente estudo tem como objetivo apresentar esta técnica de fronteira com uma montagem simplificada, que pode ser desenvolvida em laboratórios de ensino, tornando-a mais acessível, porém ainda com os benefícios inerentes da técnica SPIFI.

A significant percentage of exogenous cholesterol was found in promastigotes and amastigotes of all studied species of Leishmania, suggesting a biological role for this molecule. Previous studies have shown that promastigotes of Leishmania uptake more low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles under pharmacological pressure and are more susceptible to ergosterol inhibition in the absence of exogenous sources of cholesterol. This work shows that the host’s LDL is available to intracellular amastigotes and that the absence of exogenous cholesterol enhances the potency of sterol biosynthesis inhibitors in infected macrophages. A complete understanding of cholesterol transport to the parasitophorous vacuole can guide the development of a new drug class to be used in combination with sterol biosynthesis inhibitors for the treatment of leishmaniases.

Ao percebermos a potência dos usos dos filmes e da produção audiovisual como dispositivos fomentadores de conversas, catalisadores de ideias, sensações, sentimentos, fomos tecendo ‘conhecimentosignificações’ e pudemos agregar outros valores para a pesquisa, como a ludicidade, a criatividade e o compartilhamento. Trazer o tema ‘migração’, por meio de filmes, questão urgente nos tempos atuais, nos aproxima desses acontecimentos com sensibilidade, incorporando-os às nossas realidades, já que compreendemos esses processos migratórios como as relações vividas por cada um de nós e pelos nossos familiares, seja vindo de outros países, vindo de outros estados, cidades, bairros, diferentes territórios, guetos, facções, culturas, sentimentos. Essas sensações podem nos aproximar de realidades criadas nas diferentes redes educativas que formamos e que nos formam. Ao tratar de migração ou refúgio com Cineconversas, metodologia desenvolvida no grupo de pesquisa, lidamos com artefatos e componentes curriculares, criamos um caminho de aproximação entre limites e fronteiras a que estamos submetidos o tempo todo como migrantes ou estrangeiros em diferentes situações da vida cotidiana.

The planet is today in the largest humanitarian crisis recorded by history and a large part of the worlds population is in displacement for extreme reasons, in search of survival. Moreira alerts us to the fact that human mobility is a global phenomenon and of great dimensions. With Alves, we approach the topic in the context of the educational networks, because it is a way to know about the subject and to demystify prejudices. For that, Bobbio warns us that prejudice is an erroneous opinion. With Deleuze we think of cinema as a potente cultural artifact in conversations with students and in order to awareness them to a fact that is often part of the family history of each of us. And with Dubois, we bring the video as a device of questioning in the image-art tension provoking in the spectators the feeling of alterity.

Cuando nos dimos cuenta del poder de los usos de las películas y la producción audiovisual como dispositivos que fomentan conversaciones, catalizadores de ideas, sensaciones, sentimientos, comenzamos a tejer `conocimentossignificaciones` y pudimos agregar otros valores para la investigación, como el lúdico, la creatividad y el compartir. Traer el tema 'migración' a través de películas, un tema urgente en los tiempos actuales, nos acerca a estos acontecimientos con sensibilidad, incorporándolos a nuestras realidades, ya que entendemos estos procesos migratorios como las relaciones experimentadas por cada uno de nosotros y nuestros miembros de la familia, ya sea de otros países, de otros estados, ciudades, barrios, diferentes territorios, guetos, facciones, culturas, sentimientos. Estas sensaciones pueden acercarnos a las realidades creadas en las diferentes redes educativas que formamos y que nos forman. Cuando se trata de migración o refugio con Cineconversaciones, una metodología desarrollada en el grupo de investigación, tratamos con artefactos y componentes curriculares, creando un camino de aproximación entre límites y fronteras a los que estamos sujetos todo el tiempo como migrantes o extranjeros en diferentes situaciones de la vida cotidiana.

Resumo O presente trabalho é parte dos estudos florísticos da Serra Negra, incluída no complexo da Mantiqueira, sul da Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais, Brasil. A Serra Negra é composta por um mosaico de vegetação, sendo o campo rupestre e as florestas de altitude as fisionomias dominantes. Convolvulaceae está representada na região por três gêneros e seis espécies: Distimake macrocalyx, Ipomoea aristolochiifolia, I. maurandioides, I. saopaulista, I. triloba e Jacquemontia blanchetii, espécies amplamente distribuídas no Brasil. São apresentadas chave de identificação, descrições, ilustrações, fotos e comentários morfológicos, de ocorrência, floração e distribuição geográfica para as espécies.

Abstract The present work is part of floristic studies of Serra Negra, included in the complex of Mantiqueira, south of Zona da Mata in Minas Gerais, Brazil. The Serra Negra mountain range is composed of a mosaic of vegetation types, where campos rupestres and altitude forests are the dominant physiognomies. Convolvulaceae is represented in the region by three genera and six species: Distimake macrocalyx, Ipomoea aristolochiifolia, I. maurandioides, I. saopaulista, I. triloba, and Jacquemontia blanchetii, species widely distributed in Brazil. Identification key, descriptions, illustrations, photos and comments on morphology, occurrence, flowering and geographical distribution for the species are presented.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho de bovinos de corte castrados e não castrados em pasto exclusivo de Brachiaria humidicola e consorciado Arachis pintoi cv. BRS Mandobi. O experimento foi conduzido em propriedade particular de produtor parceiro da Embrapa Acre, de fevereiro a junho de 2016. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 2x2, sendo duas classes sexuais (castrados e não-castrados) e dois tipos de pasto (exclusivo e consorciado). A relação folha/ caule foi superior (P<0,05) no pasto exclusivo. Não houve diferença significativa para as taxas de lotação. O consumo de matéria seca foi superior (P<0,05) no pasto consorciado em relação ao exclusivo, com médias de 8,96 e 6,66 kg/ dia, respectivamente. Os animais manejados nos pastos consorciados tiveram desempenho superior (P<0,05) aos castrados do pasto exclusivo. Novilhos Nelore castrados aos 20 meses de idade, manejados em pastos consorciados, apresentam desempenho produtivo similar (P>0,05) a animais não castrados.

Abstract This study aimed to assess the performance of intact and castrated beef cattle on the pasture of Brachiaria humidicola alone and intercropped with Arachis pintoi cv. BRS Mandobi. The experiment was carried out from February to June 2016 on the private property of a partner of Embrapa Acre. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2×2 factorial arrangement, with two sex classes (intact and castrated) and two types of pasture (alone and intercropped). The leaf to stem ratio was high (P<0.05) in the pasture alone. No significant difference was found for stocking rates. Dry matter intake was high (P<0.05) in the intercropped pasture compared to that alone, with means of 8.96 and 6.66 kg/ day, respectively. Animals managed in intercropped pastures had better performance (P<0.05) than those castrated under pasture alone. Nelore steers castrated at 20 months of age, managed under intercropped pastures, showed similar productive performance (P>0.05) to intact animals.

BACKGROUND Chagas disease, which is caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, is endemic to Latin America and mainly affects low-income populations. Chemotherapy is based on two nitrocompounds, but their reduced efficacy encourages the continuous search for alternative drugs. Our group has characterised the trypanocidal effect of naphthoquinones and their derivatives, with naphthoimidazoles derived from β-lapachone (N1, N2 and N3) being the most active in vitro. OBJECTIVES In the present work, the effects of N1, N2 and N3 on acutely infected mice were investigated. METHODS in vivo activity of the compounds was assessed by parasitological, biochemical, histopathological, immunophenotypical, electrocardiographic (ECG) and behavioral analyses. FINDINGS Naphthoimidazoles led to a decrease in parasitaemia (8 dpi) by reducing the number of bloodstream trypomastigotes by 25-50% but not by reducing mortality. N1 protected mice from heart injury (15 dpi) by decreasing inflammation. Bradycardia was also partially reversed after treatment with N1 and N2. Furthermore, the three compounds did not reverse hepatic and renal lesions or promote the improvement of other evaluated parameters. MAIN CONCLUSION N1 showed moderate trypanocidal and promising immunomodulatory activities, and its use in combination with benznidazole and/or anti-arrhythmic drugs as well as the efficacy of its alternative formulations must be investigated in the near future.

Resumo P. grandiflora é uma das plantas ornamentais com abundante floração de coloração variada com formas distintas e pétalas simples, dobradas e/ou múltiplas. O objetivo do trabalho foi induzir a regeneração pela via organogênica e o florescimento in vitro de P. grandiflora. Segmentos nodais de plântulas germinadas in vitro foram utilizados como fonte de explante para a regeneração. Cinetina (KIN) e 6-Benzilaminopurina (BA) foram utilizadas para a indução de organogênese de novo. Os tratamentos suplementados com 1.0, 1.5 mg L−1 de BA induziram a formação de maior número de brotações adventícias com número médio de 7.0 (±1,55) e 5.4 (±0.83), respectivamente. As microestacas obtidas a partir de gemas regeneradas produziram botões florais. Os botões florais localizaram-se nas regiões axilar e terminal das microestacas e desenvolveram-se em aproximadamente 10 dias de cultivo até a antese. O maior número de botões florais foi observado na presença de 0.75 mg L−1 de ácido giberélico. Este estudo abre novas perspectivas para o estabelecimento de ferramentas biotecnológicas a serem aplicadas para essa importante espécie ornamental.

Abstract P. grandiflora is a known ornamental plant with abundant flowering. The flowers exhibit varied coloration with distinct forms and simple folded petals and/or multiple. The objective of this work was to induce regeneration via organogenesis and in vitro flowering of P. grandiflora. Nodal segments of seedlings germinated in vitro were used as explant source for regeneration. Kinetin (KIN) and 6-Benzylaminopurine (BA) were used for the induction of organogenesis. The treatments supplemented with 1.0 and 1.5 mg L−1 BA induced the highest number of adventitious shoots with an average number of 7.0 (±1.55) e 5.4 (±0.83), respectively. The microcuttings obtained from regenerated shoots produced floral buds. The floral buds were located in the axillary and terminal regions of the microcuttings and developed in approximately 10 days of cultivation until the anthesis. The highest number of flower buds was observed in the presence of 0.75 mg L−1 of gibberellic acid. This study opens new perspectives for the establishment of biotechnological tools to be applied for this important ornamental species.

Resumo O setor de flores ornamentais vem crescendo ao longo dos últimos anos em todo o mundo com potencial expansao. Entre as plantas ornamentais, espécies de Passiflora vem ganhando espaço no mercado, principalmente nos países da Europa e América do Norte. Contudo, o uso destas espécies na ornamentação ainda é pouco explorado. A inclusão da flor do maracujazeiro, na lista de plantas ornamentais está relacionada às características peculiares da flor como sua estrutura complexa, capacidade de floração durante o ano todo e também pela abundância e exuberância das folhas, que em muitas espécies agrega valor ornamental. Entre as ferramentas biotecnológicas para a produção de plantas ornamentais, cultura de tecidos tem sido proeminente na clonagem de genótipos elite, com alta qualidade fitossanitária e produção em larga escala. Além disso, oferece possibilidades de produzir novas variedades com características peculiares ao mercado de plantas ornamentais. A diversidade de espécies silvestres abre perspectivas para o mercado e produção de cultivares de Passiflora ornamental.

Abstract The ornamental flower sector has growing over the past years worldwide with potential for further expansion. Among the ornamental plants, Passiflora species have been gaining ground in the market, mainly in European and North American countries. However, the market aiming the use of these species in ornamentation is still poorly explored. The inclusion of passion flower in the list of ornamental plants is related to the peculiar characteristics of the flower as it is complex structure, capacity of flowering all year long and also by the abundance and exuberance of the leaves, which in many species adds an ornamental value. Among the biotechnological tools for the production of ornamental plants, tissue culture has been outstanding in the cloning of elite genotypes, with high phytosanitary quality and large scale production. In addition, it offers possibilities of producing new varieties with characteristics peculiar to the market of ornamental plants. The diversity of wild Passiflora opens perspectives to the conservation, market and production of ornamental Passiflora cultivars.

BACKGROUND The Yellow Fever (YF) vaccine is produced by the inoculation of embryonated chicken eggs with YF17DD virus on the ninth day of development. Full embryos are collected on the twelfth day of development for vaccine formulation. Skeletal muscle tissue is the main site where biosynthesis of viral particles occurs. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to analyse the experimental infection of skeletal muscle cells of chicken embryos by the 17DD Yellow Fever virus (YFV) in vivo and in vitro. METHODS Chicken embryos infected with YF17DD virus were analysed by immunofluorescence using confocal and super-resolution microscopes. Primary cultures of skeletal muscle cells of non-infected chicken embryos were evaluated for susceptibility and permissiveness to YF17DD virus using different protocols. This evaluation was performed based on morphological, viral titration, molecular biology, and colorimetric techniques. FINDINGS The present work phenotypically characterises embryonic chicken skeletal muscle cells as myogenic precursors expressing the Pax7 transcription factor in some cases. We demonstrated that these cells are susceptible to in vitro infection at different multiplicities of infection (MOIs), reproducing the same infection pattern observed in vivo. Furthermore, myogenic precursors and myoblasts are preferred infection targets, but establishment of infection does not depend on the presence of these cells. The peak of viral production occurred at 48 hpi, with decay occurring 72 hpi, when the cytopathic effect can be observed. MAIN CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the primary culture of chicken skeletal muscle cells is a good model for studying muscle cells infected with YF17DD virus. This culture system displays satisfactory emulation of the in vitro phenomenon observed, contributing to our understanding of virus infection dynamics and leading to the development of alternative methods of vaccine production.

Ti-6Al-4V alloy is employed in implants because of its good mechanical strength, excellent biocompatibility, and good resistance to corrosion in biological environments. Herein, a composite (HAp-TiO2, 50% by volume of both components) coating surface employing Ti-6Al-4V was characterized. Samples were analyzed post fabrication and post heat treatment to analyze the coating recrystallization, phases, crystallinity, porosity, and roughness. The coating showed rutile crystalline and amorphous Hap phases with crystallinity, porosity, and roughness of 55.6%, 13.6 ± 1.0%, and 4.2 ± 0.6 µm; whereas, after heat treatment, it showed a rutile hydroxyapatite phase and β-TCP with values 75.6%, 13.9 ± 1.9%, and 3.8 ± 0.2 µm, respectively. The composite exhibited 874 ± 26 HV100 hardness and 30 ± 2 MPa adhesion strength after heat treatment, which agree with previously reported data on other bioactive coatings. Therefore, this composite becomes much more crystalline after heating at 750 °C for 1 h.

Resumo A criação das equipes de Consultórios na Rua (eCR) recoloca em discussão a questão da formação em saúde, em especial para o trabalho com a população em situação de rua (PSR). Este estudo teve como objetivos: identificar os componentes de competências utilizadas pelos profissionais (conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes); sistematizar e associar os componentes de tais competências; propor a síntese dos elementos mapeados em competências para o trabalho nas eCR. De abordagem qualitativa, a pesquisa foi realizada em duas fases de coleta e sistematização de dados: a realização de três grupos focais com as eCR do Distrito Federal; a construção de consenso sobre competências para trabalho na eCR em consulta a expertos, das cinco regiões do país, utilizando o Método Delphi. Foram elencados 25 conhecimentos, 37 habilidades e 16 atitudes como componentes das competências para o trabalho nas eCR. A partir dos 30 elementos mais votados pelos expertos, foram propostas três competências: uma no campo da clínica/cuidado, outra no campo do processo de trabalho e a última, sobre o trabalho em rede. Finalmente, discutiram-se os elementos que não foram incluídos na lista principal e como estes podem contribuir para o debate sobre a atuação dos profissionais em saúde para a atuação no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e junto à PSR.

Abstract The creation of the Street Offices teams (eCR), to reassess issues related to the professional training for health, especially to working with people living on the streets (PSR). This study aimed at: identifying components of currently enacted competencies (knowledge, skills and attitudes); framing and associating these elements; proposing the synthesis of the mapped components as the core competencies for working in the eCR. With qualitative approach, this work assumed two phases for collecting and systematizing data: the execution of focus groups with three eCR from the Federal District; and the construction of consensus on competencies for work in the eCR, consulting 20 workers, managers and experts, from the five regions of the country, using the Delphi Method. Were considered as components of the competencies for the work at eCR: 25 knowledge, 37 skills, and 16 attitudes. From the 30 most voted elements by the experts, three competencies were proposed: one related to the clinical care, other related to the work process and the last one on service networking. Finally, the elements that were not included in the main list and how they can contribute to the debate about the health professionals, better qualifying them to work in the Unified Health System (SUS), with PSR.

Resumo A criação das equipes de Consultórios na Rua (eCR) recoloca em discussão a questão da formação em saúde, em especial para o trabalho com a população em situação de rua (PSR). Este estudo teve como objetivos: identificar os componentes de competências utilizadas pelos profissionais (conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes); sistematizar e associar os componentes de tais competências; propor a síntese dos elementos mapeados em competências para o trabalho nas eCR. De abordagem qualitativa, a pesquisa foi realizada em duas fases de coleta e sistematização de dados: a realização de três grupos focais com as eCR do Distrito Federal; a construção de consenso sobre competências para trabalho na eCR em consulta a expertos, das cinco regiões do país, utilizando o Método Delphi. Foram elencados 25 conhecimentos, 37 habilidades e 16 atitudes como componentes das competências para o trabalho nas eCR. A partir dos 30 elementos mais votados pelos expertos, foram propostas três competências: uma no campo da clínica/cuidado, outra no campo do processo de trabalho e a última, sobre o trabalho em rede. Finalmente, discutiram-se os elementos que não foram incluídos na lista principal e como estes podem contribuir para o debate sobre a atuação dos profissionais em saúde para a atuação no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e junto à PSR.

Abstract The creation of the Street Offices teams (eCR), to reassess issues related to the professional training for health, especially to working with people living on the streets (PSR). This study aimed at: identifying components of currently enacted competencies (knowledge, skills and attitudes); framing and associating these elements; proposing the synthesis of the mapped components as the core competencies for working in the eCR. With qualitative approach, this work assumed two phases for collecting and systematizing data: the execution of focus groups with three eCR from the Federal District; and the construction of consensus on competencies for work in the eCR, consulting 20 workers, managers and experts, from the five regions of the country, using the Delphi Method. Were considered as components of the competencies for the work at eCR: 25 knowledge, 37 skills, and 16 attitudes. From the 30 most voted elements by the experts, three competencies were proposed: one related to the clinical care, other related to the work process and the last one on service networking. Finally, the elements that were not included in the main list and how they can contribute to the debate about the health professionals, better qualifying them to work in the Unified Health System (SUS), with PSR.

Abstract The thermal processing of iron ore pellets in pelletizing plants is a decisive stage regarding final product quality and knowledge of its characteristics has a fundamental importance in its process optimization. This study evaluated the variable sensitivity involved in pellet bed formations and their permeability using the artificial neural networks method. The model stated that standard diameter deviation, sphericity and pellet bed height mostly affect bed permeability. The computational model was able to predict pellet bed backpressure by means of pellet geometrical features, thus allowing improving green pellet generation, in order to ensure fuel and energy consumption reduction, final quality improvement and better productivity.

BACKGROUND Angiostrongylus costaricensis is a nematode that causes human abdominal angiostrongyliasis, a disease found mainly in Latin American countries and particularly in Brazil and Costa Rica. Its life cycle involves exploitation of both invertebrate and vertebrate hosts. Its natural reservoir is a vertebrate host, the cotton rat Sigmodon hispidus. The adult worms live in the ileo-colic branches of the upper mesenteric artery of S. hispidus, causing periarteritis. However, there is a lack of data on the development of vasculitis in the course of infection. OBJECTIVE To describe the histopathology of vascular lesions in S. hispidus following infection with A. costaricensis. METHODS Twenty-one S. hispidus were euthanised at 30, 50, 90 and 114 days post-infection (dpi), and guts and mesentery (including the cecal artery) were collected. Tissues were fixed in Carson’s Millonig formalin, histologically processed for paraffin embedding, sectioned with a rotary microtome, and stained with hematoxylin-eosin, resorcin-fuchsin, Perls, Sirius Red (pH = 10.2), Congo Red, and Azan trichrome for brightfield microscopy analysis. FINDINGS At 30 and 50 dpi, live eggs and larvae were present inside the vasa vasorum of the cecal artery, leading to eosinophil infiltrates throughout the vessel adventitia and promoting centripetal vasculitis with disruption of the elastic layers. Disease severity increased at 90 and 114 dpi, when many worms had died and the intensity of the vascular lesions was greatest, with intimal alterations, thrombus formation, iron accumulation, and atherosclerosis. CONCLUSION In addition to abdominal angiostrongyliasis, our data suggest that this model could be very useful for autoimune vasculitis and atherosclerosis studies.