ABSTRACT Plants from the genus ipomoea are among the most important weeds in Brazil. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of different densities of 2 species of Ipomoea (I. grandifolia and I. purpurea) under different environments (counties of Pato Branco and Renascença, Paraná state, Brazil) on soybean biometric variables, yield components and crop yield loss. Field experiments in 2 distinct places were conducted in a randomized block design, where 1 factor consisted of 8 plant densities (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 15 and 20 plants∙m−2), whereas the other factor consisted of the 2 Ipomoea species. Joint analysis of the data was performed considering the factors environment, Ipomoea densities and species. The impact of one Ipomoea plant∙m−2 was very high, reaching 26%, on average, of species and environments. The maximum soybean yield loss experienced with the Ipomoea density of 20 plants∙m−2 was close to 80%. The impact of Ipomoea density was more important than the species and environment. This result highlights the importance of correct management of plants of these weed species in soybean crop.

Resumo Soldagem em ângulo de componentes estruturais com espessuras dissimilares por tradicionais procedimentos, manuais ou automáticos, de soldagem podem apresentar falta de penetração, mordeduras e perfurações. A ocorrência destes defeitos se deve ao uso de uma incorreta corrente de soldagem e à falta de robustez do procedimento de soldagem diante das possíveis irregularidades geométricas nas juntas. Além disso, a profundidade das mordeduras e a quantidade de perfurações são ampliadas quando se deseja aumentar a produção. Isso se deve ao incremento da potência elétrica do arco para manter constante a quantidade de material depositado na junta em função do aumento da velocidade de soldagem. O presente artigo propõe o uso da técnica de oscilação longitudinal da tocha de soldagem, conhecida na literatura por switch back, para aumentar a produção com qualidade na soldagem. Foram usadas trajetórias de soldagem do tipo linear convencional e switch back de três passes com velocidade da tocha constante e variável (velocidade de avanço quatro vezes maior que a de retorno). O critério de aprovação dos cordões de solda foi baseado nas normas ISO de soldagem. Os resultados evidenciaram um aumento não significativo de produção com o uso da técnica switch back do tipo velocidade constante da tocha.

Abstract Angle welding of structural components with dissimilar thickness by traditional, manual or automatics, welding procedures can show lack of penetration, undercut and perforations. The occurrence of these defects must be the incorrect use of the welding current and the lack of robustness of the welding procedure among the geometrical irregularity possibilities in the joints. In addition, the depth of the undercut and the quantity of the perforations are enlarged when the increase of the production is wanted. This occurs due the electrical power increment from the arc to keep constant the quantity of the material in the welding joint to get higher the welding speed. This work apply the longitudinal oscillation from the welding torch known on the literature as switch back, to increase the production with quality in welding. Were used trajectories of the type linear conventional and switch back of three steps with constant and variable torch velocity (forward velocity four times faster than the return). The weld seams approval standard was based in the welding ISO. The results showed a non-significant increase of the production with the technique switch back of the type constant speed from the torch.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the interference of the radiopacifiers bismuth oxide (BO), bismuth carbonate (BC), bismuth subnitrate (BS), and zirconiun oxide (ZO) on the solubility, alkalinity and antimicrobial properties of white Portland cement (WPC). The substances were incorporated to PC, at a ratio of 1:4 (v/v) and subjected to a solubility test. To evaluate the pH, the cements were inserted into retrograde cavities prepared in simulated acrylic teeth and immediately immersed in deionized water. The pH of the solution was measured at 3, 24, 72 and 168 h. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by a radial diffusion method against the microorganisms S. aureus (ATCC 25923), P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), E. faecalis (ATCC 29212) and C. albicans (ATCC 10231). The zone of microbial growth inhibition was measured after 24 h. The addition of BS and BC increased the solubility of the cement. The pH values demonstrated that all materials produced alkaline levels. At 3 h, BS showed lower pH than WPC (p<0.05). At 168 h, all materials showed similar pHs (p>0.05). The materials did not present antimicrobial activity for S. aureus, P. aeruginosas and E. faecalis (p>0.05). With regards to C. albicans, all materials formed an inhibition zone, mainly the mixture of WPC with ZO (p<0.05). The type of radiopacifier incorporated into WPC interfered with its physical and antimicrobial properties. ZO was found to be a viable radiopacifier that can be used with WPC.