RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar a confiabilidade de três diferentes métodos de avaliação do encurtamento ósseo em fraturas deslocadas do eixo médio da clavícula (FDEMC). Método: Estudo analítico transversal que avaliou o encurtamento ósseo por fita métrica (FM), radiografia (X-Ray) e tomografia computadorizada (TC). Foram avaliados 26 homens utilizando a clavícula não fraturada como controle. A coleta de dados foi do tipo cega por três especialistas. As diferenças e a confiabilidade foram analisadas com os testes de Friedman e Kappa e validados com o teste T (IC:95%; índice de significância p<0,05; Software "R" versão 3.2.2). Resultados: As medidas de FM (controle), apresentaram distribuição anormal e diferença estatísfica significativa em relação aos exames de imagem (p=0,000008). Houve semelhança entre radiografia e TC, concordância Kappa 0,65. As clavículas fraturadas apresentaram medidas semelhantes entre os três métodos (p=0,059) e os testes-T comprovaram que a semelhança foi provocada casualmente ou possíveis erros de medição. Conclusão: A medição por fita métrica apresentou tendência em superestimação do encurtamento ósseo. A TC apresentou resultados mais confiáveis para o diagnóstico, contudo, a radiografia foi suficiente para tomada de decisão dos cirurgiões e por isso, não é possível descartar a importância deste recurso para FDEMC. Nível de Evidência IV; Estudo Caso Controle. Objetivo FDEMC . (FDEMC) Método FM, , (FM) XRay X Ray (X-Ray TC. (TC) 2 controle especialistas IC95% IC95 IC 95% 95 (IC:95% p<0,05 p005 p 0 05 R "R 3.2.2. 322 3.2.2 3 3.2.2) Resultados controle, (controle) p=0,000008. p0000008 p=0,000008 000008 (p=0,000008) 065 65 0,65 p=0,059 p0059 059 (p=0,059 testesT Conclusão diagnóstico contudo isso IV Controle (FDEMC (FM (TC IC9 9 (IC:95 p<0,0 p00 32 3.2. (controle p000000 p=0,00000 00000 (p=0,000008 06 6 0,6 p=0,05 (p=0,05 (IC:9 p<0, p0 3.2 p00000 p=0,0000 0000 (p=0,00000 0, p=0,0 (p=0,0 (IC: p<0 3. p0000 p=0,000 000 (p=0,0000 p=0, (p=0, (IC p< p000 p=0,00 00 (p=0,000 p=0 (p=0 (p=0,00 p= (p= (p

ABSTRACT Objective: Determine the reliability of three different methods of evaluating bone shortening in displaced midshaft clavicle fractures (DCMF). Method: A cross-sectional analytical study evaluated bone shortening by metric tape (MT), radiography (X-ray), and computed tomography (CT). Twenty-six men had been evaluated and used clavícula not broken as control. The collection of data was of the blind type for three specialists. Differences and reliability were analyzed with the Friedman and Kappa tests and validated with the T-test (CI: 95%; significance index p<0.05; Software "R" version 3.2.2). Results: The MT measurements (control) showed abnormal distribution and significant statistical difference concerning the imaging tests (p=0.000008). There was a similarity between X-ray and CT and Kappa agreement of 0.65. The fractured clavicles presented similar measurements between the three methods (p=0.059), and the T-tests proved that the similarity was caused by chance or possible measurement errors. Conclusion: Measurement by metric tape showed a tendency to overestimate bone shortening. The CT showed more reliable results for the diagnosis; however, the X-ray was sufficient for decision-making by surgeons, and therefore, it is not possible to rule out the importance of this resource for DCMF. Level of Evidence IV; Case-Control Study. Objective DCMF . (DCMF) Method crosssectional cross sectional MT, , (MT) Xray, Xray X ray (X-ray) CT. (CT) Twentysix Twenty six control specialists Ttest T test CI (CI 95% 95 p<0.05 p005 p 0 05 R "R 3.2.2. 322 3.2.2 3 2 3.2.2) Results (control p=0.000008. p0000008 p=0.000008 000008 (p=0.000008) 065 65 0.65 p=0.059, p0059 p=0.059 059 (p=0.059) Ttests errors Conclusion diagnosis however decisionmaking decision making surgeons therefore IV CaseControl Case Control Study (DCMF (MT (X-ray (CT 9 p<0.0 p00 32 3.2. p000000 p=0.00000 00000 (p=0.000008 06 6 0.6 p=0.05 (p=0.059 p<0. p0 3.2 p00000 p=0.0000 0000 (p=0.00000 0. p=0.0 (p=0.05 p<0 3. p0000 p=0.000 000 (p=0.0000 p=0. (p=0.0 p< p000 p=0.00 00 (p=0.000 p=0 (p=0. (p=0.00 p= (p=0 (p= (p

Objective: to evaluate three methods of nasogastric tube fixation in terms of adhesion, displacement and skin integrity. Method: ex vivo study, with a sample of 30 experimental noses (10 for each type of fixation), developed with porcine skin, based on the average measurements of the human nose, in which 14-gauge polyvinyl chloride probes were inserted and 2 methods of fixation with adhesive tape (Fixation A and B) and one with an industrial device (Fixation C) were used. Each group was exposed to traction of 50, 100 and 500g sequentially over 12 and 24 hours, testing: adhesion capacity, probe displacement and skin integrity. The Chi-square test of independence was calculated for nominal variables and Student’s t-tests and analysis of variance (p< 0.05) for rational variables. Results: fixation B showed lower adhesion capacity (p <0.001) when compared to the other two fixations. A mean displacement of 52.17 mm was observed in the probes fixed by methods A and B and a greater occurrence of lesions associated with fixations A and C (p = 0.001). Conclusion: the results show complications related to the fixations: lack of adhesion, displacement of the probe and skin lesions, drawing attention to the complexity of the procedure. Objective integrity Method study 3 10 (1 fixation, , fixation) nose 14gauge gauge 14 Fixation used 50 g 1 hours testing Chisquare Chi square Students Student s ttests t tests p< p 0.05 005 0 05 Results <0.001 0001 001 5217 52 17 52.1 0.001. 0.001 . 0.001) Conclusion procedure ( 5 0.0 00 <0.00 000 521 52. 0.00 0. <0.0 <0. <0 <

Objetivo: evaluar tres métodos de fijación de sonda nasogástrica en cuanto a adherencia, desplazamiento e integridad de la piel. Método: estudio ex vivo , con una muestra de 30 narices experimentales (10 para cada tipo de fijación), desarrolladas con piel porcina, a partir de las medidas medias de la nariz humana, en las cuales se introdujeron sondas de poli cloruro de vinilo calibre 14 y se utilizaron 2 métodos de fijación con esparadrapo (Fijador A y B), y uno con dispositivo industrial (Fijador C). Cada grupo fue expuesto a tracción de 50, 100 y 500g secuencialmente en el período de 12 y 24 horas, testeándose: capacidad de adherencia, desplazamiento de la sonda e integridad de la piel. Se calculó el test Chi-cuadrado de independencia para variables nominales y pruebas t-Student y Análisis de varianza (p< 0,05) para las racionales. Resultados: el fijador B presentó capacidad inferior de adherencia (p <0,001) cuando comparado a los otros dos fijadores. Se observó un desplazamiento medio de 52,17 mm en las sondas fijadas por los métodos A y B y una mayor ocurrencia de lesiones asociadas a los fijadores A y C (p = 0,001). Conclusión: los resultados atestiguan complicaciones relacionadas a los fijadores: falta de adherencia, desplazamiento de la sonda y lesiones de piel, llamando atención para la complejidad del procedimiento. Objetivo Método 3 10 (1 fijación, fijación) porcina humana 1 Fijador B, B) C. . C) 50 g horas testeándose Chicuadrado Chi cuadrado tStudent t Student p< p 0,05 005 0 05 racionales Resultados <0,001 0001 001 5217 52 17 52,1 0,001. 0,001 0,001) Conclusión procedimiento ( 5 0,0 00 <0,00 000 521 52, 0,00 0, <0,0 <0, <0 <

Objetivo: avaliar três métodos de fixação de sonda nasogástrica quanto à adesão, deslocamento e integridade da pele. Método: estudo ex vivo , com uma amostra de 30 narizes experimentais (10 para cada tipo de fixação), desenvolvidos com pele suína, a partir das medidas médias do nariz humano, nos quais foram introduzidas sondas de poli cloreto de vinila calibre 14 e utilizados dois métodos de fixação com esparadrapo (Fixador A e B), e, um com dispositivo industrial (Fixador C). Cada grupo foi exposto à tração de 50, 100 e 500g sequencialmente no período de 12 e 24 horas, testando-se: capacidade de adesão, deslocamento da sonda e integridade da pele. Calculou-se o teste Qui-quadrado de independência para variáveis nominais e testes t-Student e Análise de variância (p< 0,05) para as racionais. Resultados: o fixador B apresentou capacidade inferior de adesão (p <0,001) quando comparado aos outros dois fixadores. Observou-se um deslocamento médio de 52,17 mm nas sondas fixadas pelos métodos A e B e uma maior ocorrência de lesões associadas aos fixadores A e C (p = 0,001). Conclusão: os resultados atestam para complicações relacionadas aos fixadores: falta de adesão, deslocamento da sonda e lesões de pele chamando atenção para complexidade do procedimento. Objetivo Método 3 10 (1 fixação, fixação) suína humano 1 Fixador B, B) C. . C) 50 g 2 horas testandose testando se testando-se Calculouse Calculou Quiquadrado Qui quadrado tStudent t Student p< p 0,05 005 0 05 racionais Resultados <0,001 0001 001 Observouse Observou 5217 52 17 52,1 0,001. 0,001 0,001) Conclusão procedimento ( 5 0,0 00 <0,00 000 521 52, 0,00 0, <0,0 <0, <0 <

ABSTRACT The accessibility of soil P reserves by plants on highly weathered Brazilian soils remains unclear. In this study, we assessed the contribution of soil P fractions to P uptake by soybean plants in two no-till Oxisols (Latossolos), with low and high initial content of available P. The recommended P rates (viz., 153 and 50 kg ha-1 yr-1 in the low-P and high-P soil, respectively) were applied in the form of triple superphosphate (TSP) or Bayovar rock phosphate (BRP) plus a treatment without fertilizer. Yields of winter cereals and soybean on the studied soils were examined over a period of three years. Soil samples were collected in the 0.00-0.10 m soil layer and subjected to sequential chemical fractionation of P. In the last crop season, the P content of soybean shoot biomass was determined. Soil P fractions and P content of soybean shoots were subjected to path analysis. The addition BRP in the low-P soil resulted in a winter cereal yield of 2.0 Mg ha-1 lower than TSP. In the scenario of high P, it is possible to maintain high crop yields even without phosphate fertilization for three consecutive years. Path analyses demonstrated the addition of P using either TSP or BRP boosted the contribution of the more labile inorganic P fractions. The addition of BRP should be avoided in P-deficient soils. The addition TSP or BRP reduces the pressure of plants to use soil P reserves. Therefore, the soil P legacy should be considered in fertilization recommendations for high-P soils in NT. unclear study notill no till Latossolos, Latossolos , (Latossolos) viz., viz (viz. 15 5 ha1 ha 1 ha- yr1 yr yr- lowP highP respectively (TSP (BRP fertilizer years 0.000.10 000010 0.00 0.10 0 00 10 0.00-0.1 season determined analysis 20 2 2. Pdeficient deficient Therefore NT (Latossolos viz. (viz 000 0.000.1 00001 0.0 010 0.1 0.00-0. 0.000. 0000 0. 01 0.00-0 0.000 0.00-

ABSTRACT The issue of trust development among members of virtual teams is gaining increasing attention from Information Systems (IS) scholars due to the advancement of virtual collaboration in organizations. The objective of this study is to evaluate the issue of trust development in virtual team research from the perspective of main IS journals, and to consolidate the contributions made by IS researchers. To this aim, a systematic review of the literature has been conducted, supported by bibliometric and Social Network Analysis (SNA). An IS-centric review of trust concepts and research paradigms has been presented along with opportunities for future research.

Abstract Anthony Kenny criticized the Five Ways, by Thomas Aquinas, in a widespread and influential book. About the First Way, among other critiques, Kenny considers that Thomas Aquinas failed to prove that “whatever is in motion is put in motion by another”. As this principle is central for the argument developed by Aquinas on the “first mover, put in movement by no other”, the First Way is insufficient and grounded on a mistake. In this article, Aristotle’s and Aquinas’s works are analysed to expose that their arguments about movement are sound and persuasive. On the contrary, Kenny’s criticism is not consistent and is misled by bad interpretation of texts and concepts. Oderberg and Weisheipl agree with Aquinas and Aristotle, and their papers reinforce the conclusions of this article, favourable to the Medieval philosopher and against Kenny.

Resumo: Os estudos sobre tecnologia da informação e agilidade organizacional têm apresentado crescimento significativo desde o início de 2014, o que pode ser um indicador de que esse tema está começando a amadurecer na literatura pertinente e, cada vez mais, tem se tornando objeto de pesquisadores. Diante do cenário apresentado, o objetivo deste estudo é apresentar uma síntese do panorama da literatura sobre a relação dos dois construtos nos últimos anos. Os autores optaram por utilizar uma análise bibliométrica para compreender a evolução dos estudos sobre essa relação. Concluímos que nos Estados Unidos existe uma grande concentração de pesquisas sobre o assunto, e as publicações mais recentes ocorreram em periódicos relevantes de gestão e sistemas de gestão da informação. Os estudos identificados concentram-se principalmente na relação causal entre tecnologia da informação (TI) e agilidade organizacional a partir de três perspectivas: (1) o efeito direto das capacidades de TI na agilidade, (2) o efeito moderador das capacidades de TI na relação entre outras capacidades organizacionais e agilidade organizacional e (3) o efeito indireto da TI na agilidade organizacional mediado por outras capacidades organizacionais. Além disso, foi possível identificar a agilidade organizacional ligada a três aspectos: sensibilidade, decisão e capacidade de resposta. Outra contribuição do estudo é a construção de um quadro baseado nas principais amostras do estudo e nas palavras-chave mais recorrentes. É possível detectar os três níveis de análise na relação entre os dois construtos citados anteriormente, além de evidenciar as definições utilizadas para cada construto. Uma oportunidade para estudos futuros é avaliar a taxonomia identificada para agilidade organizacional.

Abstract: Studies on information technology and organizational agility has shown significant growth since the beginning of 2014, which may be an indicator that this theme is beginning to mature in the concerned literature, and increasingly has become the subject of researchers. In view of the presented scenario, the objective of this study is to introduce a synthesis of the literature panorama of the relation between the focused two constructs in the last years. The author (s) chose to employ a bibliometric analysis to understand the evolution of studies on that relation. We concluded that in the United States there is a great concentration of research on this subject, and the most recent publications, in general, occurred in relevant management and information management system journals. The identified studies mainly concentrate on the causal relationship between information technology (IT) and organizational agility from three perspectives: (1) the direct effect of IT capabilities on agility, (2) the moderating effect of IT capabilities on the relationship between other organizational capabilities and organizational agility, and (3) the indirect effect of IT on organizational agility mediated by other organizational capabilities. In addition, it was possible to identify organizational agility connected with three aspects: sensitivity, decision and responsiveness. Another contribution of the study is the construction of a framework based on the main study samples and the most recurrent keywords. It is possible to detect the three levels of analysis in the relation between the two previously mentioned constructs, besides bringing out the definitions used for each construct. An opportunity for future studies is to evaluate the taxonomy identified for organizational agility.

Abstract Introduction Peripheral vestibular disorders can lead to cognitive deficits and are more common in elderly patients. Objective To evaluate and correlate cognitive, balance and gait aspects in elderly women with chronic peripheral vestibular dizziness, and to compare them with elderly women without vestibular disorders. Methods Twenty-two women presenting peripheral vestibular dizziness episodes for at least six months participated in the study. The individuals were categorized by dizziness severity level: moderate (n = 11) or severe (n = 11). The control group (n = 11) included women showing no vestibulopathy, light-headedness or dizziness. Cognitive assessments and semi-static and dynamic balance assessments were performed with the Balance Master (Neurocom International, Inc., Clackamas, OR), while the Dizziness Handicap Inventory provided a score for the severity of the symptoms. The groups were submitted to statistics of inference and correlation between cognitive, balance and stability variables. Results The group with severe dizziness showed higher sway speed of the center of pressure in the anteroposterior direction, smaller step length, and slower gait than the control group. Regarding the cognitive variables, the group with severe dizziness symptoms presented significant correlations with stability and gait variables. Conclusion The relationship between cognitive aspects, balance and gait was stronger in women with severe dizziness than in those with no vestibulopathy.

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento de oviposição de Helicoverpa armigera confinadas em diferentes densidades de casais e estádios fenológicos de plantas de soja, e a resistência de genótipos de soja na categoria não preferência para oviposição para H. armigera. Para o comportamento de oviposição de H. armigera, foram avaliadas as densidades de um, dois e quatro casais por planta, e os estádios fenológicos vegetativo, de florescimento e reprodutivo de plantas de soja do cultivar BR 16. Para o teste de não preferência para oviposição, oito genótipos de soja foram utilizados e um índice de preferência para oviposição foi calculado. A densidade de tricomas nos folíolos foi quantificada para ser correlacionada com a oviposição de H. armigera. A densidade de um casal e plantas de soja em estádio reprodutivo proporcionaram os melhores resultados quanto à preferência para oviposição de H. armigera em soja. Os genótipos M8230 RR e W711 RR apresentaram características de resistência, enquanto o PI 227687 foi o mais preferido para oviposição. A quantidade de tricomas influenciou positivamente no comportamento de oviposição das fêmeas.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the oviposition behavior of Helicoverpa armigera confined in different adult pair density and growth stages of soybean plants, and the resistance of soybean genotypes to H. armigera in the category nonpreference for oviposition. The oviposition behavior of H. armigera was assessed using one, two, and four adult pairs per soybean plant of the cultivar BR-16 at the growth stages: vegetative V8 (eighth unrolled trifoliate leaf), reproductive R2 (full bloom) and reproductive R5.2 (beginning seed). The nonpreference for oviposition was evaluated using eight soybean genotypes and an oviposition preference index was calculated. The number of trichomes in leaflets was quantified for being correlated to H. armigera oviposition. One adult pair and soybean plants stage at pod-set affected and showed the best results oviposition preference on soybean plants. The genotypes M8230-RR and W711-RR presented resistance characteristics, and PI-227687 was preferred for oviposition. The trichome density positively affects the female oviposition behavior.

Abstract The Luminárias Nappe was formed in the agglutination of West Gondwana. A high-pressure metamorphic gradient oblique to the geological contacts is recorded in metapelitic rocks from this Nappe. In the northern portion, the metamorphic peak conditions are at high-pressure lower-amphibolite facies at 580 ± 4°C and ca. 0.9 GPa (Chl + Ky + St + Ms + Qtz + Rt); in the central portion, they are at high-pressure amphibolite facies at 600 ± 15°C and 1.1 ± 0.3 GPa (St + Bt + Grt + Ms + Qtz + Rt); and in the southern portion, they reach the eclogite facies at 630 ± 13°C and 1.4 ± 0.6 GPa (St + Ky + Grt + Ms + Qtz + Rt). Clockwise metamorphic P-T-t paths are registered in the studied rocks, with temperature and pressure increase followed by a strong decompression with retrograde phases as chloritoid (northern portion), chlorite and ilmenite (central portion) and biotite, chlorite and ilmenite (southern portion). U-Th-PbT monazite ages range from 632 ± 4 Ma (southern portion) to 600 ± 8 Ma (northern portion included crystals in garnet and staurolite). The metamorphic age, the high-pressure conditions calculated in this paper and the clockwise metamorphic path indicate that the tectonic evolution of the Luminárias Nappe rocks is tightly associated with the subduction and collision processes of the southern Brasília belt. The overprint of the younger Ribeira belt is interpreted to be responsible for rock pile tilting, thus producing the oblique metamorphic gradient.

ABSTRACT In the Southeastern Quadrilátero Ferrífero, a package of metapelitic rocks previously attributed to the Archean Rio das Velhas Supergroup crops out in Piranga locality. This study presents the mineral chemistry and U-Pb-Hf zircon geochronology on foliated staurolite-garnet mica schists. Garnet and staurolite index minerals are syn- to post-kinematic towards the main schistosity. Garnet porphyroblasts display well-developed compositional zoning of Mg-Fe-Mn-Ca, with increase of almandine and pyrope and decrease of spessartine towards the rim, implying in prograde metamorphic pattern. Estimates of P-T values for the metamorphic peak resulted in temperatures between 630 to 650ºC and pressure around 7 kbar. Pseudosections show well-defined stability fields in amphibolite facies, with a metamorphic path displaying progressive increase in P-T conditions. Maximum depositional age of 1,875 ± 51 Ma is established for the Piranga mica schists pointing to a depositional history that is younger than those previously described. Metamorphic Cambrian ages characterize the strong influence of deformational processes related to the final stages of Brasiliano Orogeny in the Southeastern Quadrilátero Ferrífero.

Abstract The Socorro-Guaxupé Nappe crops out in southern Minas Gerais and it has an intermediate unit called Metaxite Unit, dominated by diatexites at its base, with large volumes of leucosome and schollen of stromatic garnet-biotite metatexite. Leucosome within the schollen crystallized via fractional crystallization and is dominated by plagioclase and quartz, although K-feldspar might be present. However, the larger volume of the coarse-grained leucosome, that dominates the unit, has granite, sometimes close to minimum granite composition. So, its formation, after partial melting, involved, segregation, fractional crystallization and accumulation. Proportions of leucosome / residue and leucosome / residue / peritectic phases indicate that the leucosome crystallized from more melt than a pelite source could produce, and probably diatexite worked as a pre-magmatic chamber and stocked melt produced from the granulites sitting at its bottom. Large proportion of biotite crystallized in the residue was formed due to equalization of water chemical potential between residue and leucosome.

Resumo O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar a relação entre gestão de projetos e gestão do conhecimento. Para compreender a intersecção entre esses dois campos de pesquisa, a abordagem metodológica selecionada foi a de revisão sistemática da literatura. A abordagem multiestágios foi adotada, iniciando-se por análises bibliométricas, com análise estatística descritiva da população de artigos estudados, seguida de uma análise de cocitação e, por fim, por uma análise de conteúdo, buscando-se identificar tendências e lacunas de pesquisa. Os resultados apontam que a gestão de projetos e a gestão do conhecimento estão relacionadas com questões que envolvem as competências de gestores de projetos e da organização, a governança do conhecimento entre projetos por meio da área de Project Management Office, e com aspectos relacionados a fatores críticos de sucesso e sucesso de um projeto. Como tendência, destacam-se estudos voltados para a formação de times virtuais em ambientes formados por organizações distribuídas e, como um gap, a importância do conhecimento para projetos que envolvem questões de sustentabilidade, visto que foram identificados poucos estudos sobre esse assunto. Foi possível notar que esses construtos são essenciais para o desempenho organizacional e que, juntos, possuem uma sinergia que pode contribuir para que as empresas possam se diferenciar de seus concorrentes e alcançar vantagem competitiva.

Abstract The objective of this work is to investigate the relationship between project management and knowledge management. To understand the intersection between these two fields of research, the methodological approach selected was a systematic literature review. The multi-stages approach was adopted, starting with bibliometric analysis with descriptive statistical analysis of the population of papers studied, followed by a co-citation and network analysis, and finally a content analysis in order to identify trends and research gaps. The results show that the project management and knowledge management are related to issues involving the skills of project managers and of the organization, governance of knowledge between projects through the area of Project Management Office, and aspects related to factors critical to success and success itself of a project. As a trend, studies aimed at the formation of virtual teams formed by distributed organizations stand out, and as a gap, the importance of knowledge for projects involving sustainability issues, as few studies were identified about this subject. It was possible to notice that these constructs are essential to organizational performance, and that together they have a synergy that may contribute to enable companies to differentiate themselves from their competitors and achieve competitive advantage.

RESUMO Introdução: Diferenças de extroversão/introversão e idade podem influenciar na troca velocidade-precisão. Objetivo: A troca velocidade-precisão foi investigada em garotas, jovens adultas e idosas extrovertidas e introvertidas. Método: As participantes realizaram uma versão alternativa da tarefa de Fitts, a qual consistia em clicar alternadamente com a mão dominante no mouse, o mais rápido possível, em dois alvos retangulares na tela do computador, a fim de fazer doze tentativas em seis níveis aleatórios de dificuldade (doze combinações de larguras e distâncias entre os alvos). Cada um dos três grupos era composto por 16 introvertidas e 16 extrovertidas, com base nas versões brasileiras do questionário de Eysenck. Resultados: As idosas introvertidas acertaram menos o alvo com mais frequência e cometeram mais erros gerais em comparação às idosas extrovertidas. Ainda, as idosas acertaram menos o alvo com mais frequência e cometeram mais erros gerais, além de demorarem mais tempo para concluírem as tarefas com níveis maiores de dificuldade quando comparadas com as jovens adultas. Conclusão: Os achados foram interpretados com base nas teorias criadas para explicarem os principais processos sobre as diferenças relacionadas à extroversão/introversão e à idade. Nível de Evidência II; Estudo prospectivo de menor qualidade.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Extraversion/introversion and age differences might influence speed-accuracy tradeoff. Objective: The speed-accuracy tradeoff was investigated in extroverted and introverted female children, young adults and older adults. Method: Participants carried out an alternative version of Fitts’ task, which involved making alternate clicks with the mouse held in the dominant hand, moving as fast as possible, on two rectangular targets on a computer screen in order to make twelve attempts at six random levels of difficulty (twelve combinations of target widths and distances between targets). Each of the three groups was composed of 16 introverted and 16 extroverted subjects, based upon Brazilian versions of Eysenck’s questionnaire. Results: Elderly introverts fell short of the target more often and committed more overall errors than the elderly extroverts. Additionally, compared to their younger adult counterparts, the elderly subjects fell short of the target more often and committed more overall errors, besides taking longer to complete the task with higher levels of difficulty. Conclusion: The findings were interpreted in light of theories designed to explain the main processes underlying extroversion/introversion and age-related differences. Level of Evidence II; Lesser quality prospective study.

RESUMEN Introducción: Las diferencias de extroversión/introversión y edad pueden influir en el cambio velocidad-precisión. Objetivo: El cambio velocidad-precisión fue investigado en mujeres jóvenes adultas y de la tercera edad introvertidas y extrovertidas. Método: Las participantes realizaron una versión alternativa de la tarea de Fitts, que consistía en hacer clic alternadamente con el ratón, usando la mano dominante, lo más rápidamente posible, en dos objetos rectangulares en la pantalla de la computadora, a fin de realizar doce tentativas con seis niveles aleatorios de dificultad (doce combinaciones de anchos y distancias entre los objetos). Cada uno de los tres grupos fue compuesto por 16 introvertidas y 16 extrovertidas, con base en las versiones brasileñas del cuestionario de Eysenck. Resultados: Las mujeres de tercera edad introvertidas acertaron menos el objeto con más frecuencia y cometieron más errores generales en comparación a las mujeres de tercera edad extrovertidas. Además, las mujeres de tercera edad acertaron menos el objeto con más frecuencia y cometieron más errores generales, además de demorar más tiempo para concluir las tareas con niveles mayores de dificultad cuando comparadas con las mujeres jóvenes adultas. Conclusión: Los hallazgos fueron interpretados con base en las teorías creadas para explicar los principales procesos sobre las diferencias relacionadas a la extroversión/la introversión y a la edad. Nivel de Evidencia II; Estudio prospectivo de menor calidad.

ABSTRACT High winter cereal yields depend on an adequate supply of nitrogen (N). We developed a system for indicating N rates for wheat and barley in the South-Central region of the state of Paraná, Brazil, using results of 72 field experiments conducted from 2007 to 2012. The N rates recommended for winter cereals were estimated to supply the amounts of N fertilizer needed to obtain increasing yields (<3.5, 3.5-4.5, 4.5-5.5, and >5.5 Mg ha-1) of crops grown after soybean and corn on soils with a variable organic matter content (<40, 40-60, and >60 g dm-3). The apparent mineralization rate of soil N was estimated to be 1 % and the N fertilization efficiency 50 %. The N rates recommended for wheat ranged from 30 to 150 kg ha-1 when cultivated after soybean, and from 30 to 170 kg ha-1 after corn. The N rates for barley ranged from 30 to 120 kg ha-1 when grown after soybean, and from 30 to 130 kg ha-1 after corn. These N rates are consistent with those indicated by the Soil Fertility Commission for the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina (CQFS-RS/SC, 2016), and also with the rates of maximum economic efficiency estimated in our study. The proposed N rate recommendation system can be used by agricultural technicians and producers to manage N fertilization of wheat and barley in the South-Central region of Paraná, Brazil.

RESUMO O sistema âncora é uma ferramenta não rígida que fornece informação háptica adicional, consistindo de dois cabos maleáveis com 125 g de massa repousando no solo, devendo-se segurar a outra extremidade com as mãos (âncora-mão). Considerando que o toque leve em diferentes partes do corpo reduz a oscilação corporal, é possível, da mesma forma, que o uso do sistema âncora em diferentes partes do corpo seja efetivo. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o efeito do uso do sistema âncora em diferentes segmentos corporais sobre a oscilação corporal de idosos. Trinta idosos participaram do presente estudo. Eles ficaram na postura ereta com os pés na posição semi-tandem sobre uma plataforma de força para a obtenção do deslocamento do centro de pressão (CP). Cinco condições experimentais foram realizadas: sem âncora, âncora-mão, âncoras nas mãos presas com presilhas, âncoras nos antebraços presas com presilhas e âncoras nos ombros presas com presilhas. Os resultados mostraram uma redução da área da elipse ajustada ao deslocamento do CP e na amplitude média de oscilação na direção anteroposterior nas condições com as âncoras posicionadas nas mãos (âncora-mão e presilha) e antebraços em comparação à condição sem âncora. Assim, o uso do sistema âncora foi efetivo quando as âncoras foram posicionadas no antebraço da mesma forma que quando foram seguras pelas mãos. A melhora observada com o uso das âncoras parece não estar relacionada com a quantidade de receptores táteis no ponto de contato dos cabos das âncoras.

ABSTRACT The anchor system is a nonrigid tool that provides additional haptic information. It consists of two malleable cables with 125g loads resting on the floor, whereas the hands hold the other end of the cable (hand anchor). If we consider that light touch of different parts of the body reduces body sway, it is also possible that the use of the anchor system on different parts of the body might be effective. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating the effect of using the anchor system on different parts of the body on older adults’ body sway. Thirty older adults participated in this study. Participants stood on a force platform in a semi-tandem position and maintaining an upright posture for measuring deviations in the location of the center of pressure (CoP). Each participant was exposed to five experimental conditions: no anchor, hand anchor, anchors in hands fastened with straps, anchors in forearms fastened with straps and anchors in shoulders fastened with straps. The results showed a reduction in the area of the ellipse adjusted to the deviation of the CoP and mean sway amplitude in the anteroposterior direction with the anchors positioned on the hands (traditional and strap) and forearms, compared with the condition without the anchor. Thus, the use of the anchor system was effective when the anchors were positioned on the forearm as well as when they were fastened/held in hands. The improvement observed with the use of anchors does not seem to be related to the amount of tactile receptors at the point of contact with the anchor cables.

RESUMEN El sistema de anclaje es una herramienta no rígida que brinda información adicional háptica, formada por dos cables maleables con 125g de masa que reposan en el suelo y otra extremidad en que se sostiene en las manos (anclaje de mano). De la misma forma que un simple contacto en distintas partes del cuerpo reduce el equilibrio corporal, es posible que también tenga eficacia el empleo del sistema de anclaje. Así el propósito de este estudio es examinar el efecto del empleo del sistema de anclaje en distintos segmentos corporales sobre el equilibrio corporal en adultos mayores. Del estudio participaron treinta adultos mayores, quienes mantuvieron en postura erecta con los pies en posición semi-tandem sobre una plataforma de fuerza para que se obtenga el desplazamiento del centro de presión (CP). Se llevaron a cabo cinco situaciones experimentales: sin las anclas; anclaje de mano; anclas en las manos sujetadas con abrazaderas; anclas en los antebrazos sujetadas con abrazaderas y anclas en los hombros sujetadas con abrazaderas. Hubo una reducción del área de elipse ajustada al desplazamiento del CP y en la amplitud media del equilibrio en la dirección anteroposterior en las situaciones con las anclas sujetadas en las manos (tradicional y con abrazaderas) y con los antebrazos cuando comparada a la situación sin las anclas. Así se obtuvo eficacia en el empleo del sistema de anclaje cuando las anclas se las pusieron en los antebrazos, semejante al momento en el que se las fijaron/sujetaron en las manos. La mejora resultado del empleo de las anclas no parece relacionarse con la cuantidad de receptores táctiles en el punto de contacto de los cables de las anclas.