Resumen La industria del mármol genera gran cantidad de desperdicio en polvo. Estos desechos carecen de un adecuado plan de manejo, además de resultar altamente contaminantes para la población que rodea el lugar de los depósitos de dichos materiales. Para ofrecer una solución, en este artículo se presentan los resultados del desarrollo de un ladrillo a base del polvo de mármol, que tenga una resistencia a compresión suficiente para construir muros de mampostería en viviendas de baja altura. El programa experimental incluye 16 dosificaciones diferentes, en las que se varía la cantidad de cemento, cal comercial para albañilería y arena, y se deja constante la de polvo-residuo de mármol. El programa incluye el ensaye a compresión de 160 ladrillos, 3 ensayos a compresión en muretes, 3 pruebas de adherencia validada a compresión en muretes y 48 pruebas de absorción. Los resultados de los ensayos demostraron que la resistencia a compresión de las piezas individuales y de muretes es de 4,0 MPa y de 1,9 MPa, respectivamente, y la absorción de las piezas es del 21 %. Estos resultados de absorción, compresión y adherencia son el primer indicativo de la viabilidad del uso de estos ladrillos para la construcción de muros de carga en viviendas desarrolladas en zonas de amenaza sísmica baja.

Abstract The marble industry generates a large amount of dust waste. These wastes do not have a pro-per management plan, as well as being highly contaminating the population surrounding the site of the deposits for these materials. To offer a solution, this article shows the results of the development of a brick-based marble powder to achieve sufficient compressive strength for the construction of masonry walls in low-rise housing. The experimental program includes 16 different dosages that varies the amount of cement, lime, and sand, and keep constant the marble powder. The program includes the compressive teste for 160 bricks, compressive tests for 3 small walls, validated adherence under compression teste for 3 small walls, and absorption tests for 48 bricks. The results of the test showed that the compression strength of the individual bricks and wall is 4.0 MPa y 1.9 MPa, respectively and the absorption of the bricks is 21 %. These results of absorption, compression and adhesion are a first indicator of the feasibility of used these bricks for the construction of load-bearing walls in housing projects developed in areas of low seismic demands.

Resumo As propriedades dos concretos, como relação água/cimento, consumo de cimento e resistência à compressão afetam diretamente seu desempenho em uso e durabilidade. Desta forma, as normas técnicas de dimensionamento de estruturas de concreto armado indicam especificações em função das classes de agressividade ambiental. Neste artigo, através de uma metodologia experimental, foi avaliada a relação entre as características de quatro composições de concreto, elaboradas de acordo com as normas EN 1992-1 e EN 206, e sua relação com a qualidade do concreto no estado endurecido, nos ensaios de carbonatação e névoa salina. Foram empregadas análises de resistência à compressão, índice de vazios, absorção de água total e por capilaridade, massa específica, resistividade elétrica e velocidade de propagação de ondas ultrassônicas. Para o tratamento estatístico foi utilizada Análise multivariada da variância (MANOVA). Os resultados obtidos apontaram diferenças estatisticamente significantes nos ensaios de deterioração unicamente nos traços 1 e 4 para o ensaio de névoa salina e entre o traço 4 e os demais para o ensaio de carbonatação.

Abstract The composition characteristics of concrete, such as water/cement ratio, cement consumption and compressive strength directly affect its handling performance and durability. Thus, the technical standards related to concrete structures recommend technical specification concerning different environmental aggressiveness classes. Therefore, this study followed an experimental method aiming to evaluate the relationship between the characteristics of four different concrete mixes produced in accordance to the specifications of the standards EN 1992-1 and EN 206 for quality of hardened state concrete and its behavior during accelerated tests of carbonation and salt spray. Analyzes of compressive strength, void index, total and capillary water absorption, specific gravity, electrical resistivity and ultrasonic wave propagation velocity were executed. For the statistical treatment, a Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) was performed, which provided a simplified analysis of the durable potential of reinforced concrete structures by its characteristics. Results lead to two major groups of behavior, and statistical significant differences in deterioration tests between mixes 1 and 4 for the salt spray test and between mix 4 and the others for the carbonation test.