Resumo Os produtores de calcário e cal inadvertidamente geram uma quantidade considerável de material fino durante o processamento, tornando-se um grande passivo ambiental. Quanto ao processo de calcinação, a indústria ressente-se de dados experimentais da lei de Arrhenius, como fator de frequência aparente e energia de ativação, referentes aos calcários brasileiros. O conhecimento desses parâmetros termocinéticos pode diminuir o consumo energético durante o processo de calcinação industrial, além de permitir o uso de finos de calcário em outras aplicações industriais. Este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar três calcários brasileiros, concentrando-se em sua calcinação em escala laboratorial, usando método quase isotérmico e dinâmico (termogravimétrico) para estimar seus parâmetros cinéticos. O método dinâmico permitiu estimar a energia de ativação de cada calcário através das regiões de alta taxa de calcinação. Porém, os parâmetros cinéticos estimados pelo método quase isotérmico resultaram em valores mais baixos, indicando a necessidade de controlar a atmosfera do reator.

Abstract Limestone and lime producers inadvertently generate a considerable amount of fine material during their processing, consequently becoming a great environmental liability. As far as the industrial calcination process is concerned, there is still a need for an experimental survey on Arrhenius law parameters, as apparent frequency factor and activation energy, referring to Brazilian limestones. The knowledge of these thermokinetic parameters may contribute to energy saving during the industrial calcination process, as well as for allowing the use of limestone fines in other industrial applications. This study aimed to characterize three Brazilian limestones by focusing on their laboratory-scale calcination using both quasi-isothermal and non-isothermal methods to estimate their kinetic parameters. The non-isothermal method (by thermogravimetric analyses) allowed estimating the activation energy for each limestone through the high calcination rate ranges. However, the kinetic parameters estimated by the quasi-isothermal method turned out in lower values, indicating the need to control the reactor atmosphere.

Resumen Introducción: la insuficiencia cardiaca representa un problema de salud pública con alta morbimortalidad. En estadios avanzados se ha implementado el uso de dispositivos de asistencia ventricular (DAV) como terapia destino. El manejo perioperatorio de pacientes con DAV puede generar múltiples retos, dentro de los cuales se destaca el manejo óptimo del dolor. Objetivo: describir el uso del bloqueo del plano del musculo erector de la espina (ESP) como técnica analgésica de rescate en un paciente llevado a implante de DAV tipo HeartMate 3. Métodos: reporte de caso y revisión de tema. Resultados: se presenta el caso de un paciente con cardiopatía isquémica y disfunción ventricular severa, que fue llevado a un implante de DAV tipo HeartMate 3 como terapia destino, bajo anestesia general y protocolo de analgesia postoperatoria con fentanil y acetaminofén. Durante el posoperatorio presentó dolor agudo de intensidad severa (Escala Visual Análoga: 8-10/10), por lo que se aplicó una técnica regional de rescate: bloqueo ESP, la cual mostró resultados satisfactorios con control analgésico óptimo (Escala Visual Análoga: 1-3/10). Conclusiones: el bloqueo ESP fue una opción segura y efectiva como parte de una estrategia analgésica postoperatoria para un paciente con implante de un DAV tipo HeartMate 3.

Abstract Introduction: Heart failure represents a public health problem involving high morbidity and mortality. For advanced stages of the disease the use of ventricular assist devices (VADs) has been implemented as destination therapy. The perioperative management of patients with VADs may result in multiple challenges, with optimal pain management being one of those challenges. Objective: To describe the use of erector spinae plain (ESP) block as a rescue analgesia technique in a patient undergoing HeartMate 3 type VAD implantat. Methods: Case report and subject review. Results: The case discussed is a patient with ischemic cardiomyopathy and severe ventricular dysfunction, undergoing a HeartMate 3 type VAD implant as destination therapy, under general anesthesia and postoperative analgesia protocol with fentanyl and acetaminophen. During the postoperative period the patient developed acute pain of severe intensity (visual analogue scale [VAS]: 8-10/10), that led to the use of a regional rescue technique-ESP block-that showed satisfactory results with optimal analgesia control (VAS: 1-3/10). Conclusion: The ESP block was a safe and effective option as part of a postoperative analgesia strategy for a patient with a HeartMate 3 type VAD implant.

Resumo Mytella guyanensis, consumida e comercializada em regiões litorâneas do Brasil, é uma das diversas espécies de bivalves de interesse socioeconômico para comunidades litorâneas. Além de servir como fonte de renda e subsistência para essas comunidades, esta contribui para a sua segurança alimentar, por ser fonte de proteínas e micronutrientes. Assim, o ciclo reprodutivo desta espécie foi estudado visando contribuir com a segurança alimentar e a preservação da mesma. As amostragens foram realizadas mensalmente, entre março de 2014 e março de 2015 em um estoque natural (12°38'50”S e 38°51'43”W) na Reserva Extrativista Marinha Baía do Iguape (comunidade Engenho da Ponte), Bahia. Mytella guyanensis é coletada no local por mulheres, onde a pesca artesanal desse recurso é realizada sem seguir nenhum procedimento específico de manejo e evidência empírica indica sobrexplotação. Os espécimes coletados foram medidos ao longo do eixo ântero-posterior (comprimento) e após a análise macroscópica, foram fixados em solução de Davidson, processados por técnicas rotineiras de histologia e coradas em hematoxilina de Harris e eosina (HE). A análise macroscópica evidenciou dimorfismo sexual, com as gônadas de machos e fêmeas apresentando coloração branco leitosa e alaranjada, respectivamente. Uma proporção sexual (M: F) de 1:1 foi observada e a reprodução foi contínua ao longo do ano. Março, abril, julho e agosto apresentaram os maiores valores de eliminação de gametas. Sugerimos que um plano de manejo de M. guyanensis restrinja a captura deste durante esses meses, a fim de regular de forma sustentável a exploração desse recurso nesta reserva.

Abstract Mytella guyanensis, consumed and commercialized in coastal regions of Brazil, is one of several bivalve species of socioeconomic interest for coastal communities. Besides serving as a source of income and subsistence for these communities, it also contributes to their food security as it is a source of proteins and micronutrients. Thus, the reproductive cycle of this species was studied aiming to contribute to food security and its preservation. Samples were collected monthly, between March 2014 and March 2015, in a natural stock (12°38'50”S; 38°51'43”W) in a Marine Reserve (RESEX Bay of Iguape) (community Engenho da Ponte), Bahia, Brazil. Mytella guyanensis is collected by women on site, where the artisanal fishing of this resource is performed without following any specific handling procedure. Also, empirical evidence indicates overexploitation. The specimens collected were measured along the anterior-posterior axis (length), and after macroscopic analysis they were fixed in Davidson solution, processed by routine histology techniques and stained with Harris haematoxylin and eosin (H&E). The macroscopic analysis showed sexual dimorphism, with the male and female gonads presenting a milky-white and orange colour, respectively. A 1:1 sex ratio (M: F) was observed and reproduction of the species was continuous all year round. March, April, July and August were the months with highest values of gamete elimination. We suggest that a M. guyanensis management plan should restrict capture during these months, in order to sustainably regulate exploitation of this food resource in this reserve.

Abstract Introduction: The dynamics of land use and changes in vegetation cover is essential for natural resource management. Objetive: To analyze the land use change in the micro-watersed of Zoquiapan, between 1989 and 2009, and to estimate the change trend for the year 2020. Materials and methods: Two satellite images (March 21, 2009 and March 7, 1989) were taken, corresponding to the Landsat sensor, and were processed using the software IDRISI©. The classes studied were forest, grassland and agricultural use. The Márkov-Markovian transition estimator command was applied to estimate the stationary vector of the chain between the years of study and to know the future trends of vegetation cover. Results and discussion: Between 1989 and 2009, the agricultural and grassland area decreased 1.86 and 88.63 ha, respectively; the forest area increased 90.5 ha. By 2020, the micro-watershed of Zoquiapan will have a low probability of change. The probabilities of permanence are 94 % for forest, 88 % for grassland and 91 % for agricultural activities. Conclusion: The micro-watershed of Zoquiapan has not had any significant land use change. The areas covered by forests have a low probability of change, as long as the conservation efforts carried out so far continue.

Resumen Introducción: La dinámica del uso de suelo y cambios de la cubierta vegetal es crucial para la gestión de los recursos naturales. Objetivo: Analizar el cambio de uso de suelo en la microcuenca Zoquiapan, entre 1989 y 2009, y estimar la tendencia de cambio para el año 2020. Materiales y métodos: Se obtuvieron dos imágenes de satélite (21 de marzo del 2009 y 7 de marzo de 1989), correspondientes al sensor Landsat, y se procesaron en el software IDRISI©. Las clases estudiadas fueron bosque, pastizal y uso agrícola. Se aplicó el comando Markov-Markovian transition estimator, para estimar el vector estacionario de la cadena entre los años de estudio y conocer las tendencias futuras de cobertura vegetal. Resultados y discusión: Entre 1989 y 2009, la superficie agrícola y de pastizales se redujo 1.86 y 88.63 ha, respectivamente; la superficie forestal incrementó 90.5 ha. Para el año 2020, la microcuenca Zoquiapan tiene baja probabilidad de cambio. Las probabilidades de permanencia son de 94 % para uso forestal, 88 % para el pastizal y 91 % para la actividad agrícola. Conclusión: La microcuenca Zoquiapan no ha tenido algún cambio significativo de uso de suelo. Las zonas cubiertas por bosques presentan baja probabilidad de cambio, siempre y cuando continúen los esfuerzos de conservación hasta ahora realizados.

Muchos pesticidas han sido clasificados como cancerígenos, ya que su principal efecto es inducir daño estructural o funcional en el material genético. Los agricultores en su afán de erradicar las plagas de los cultivos exceden la cantidad sugerida, esto hace que queden residuos en partes de la planta. En el presente trabajo se evalúa el efecto genotóxico en linfocitos humanos, inducido por extractos de fresas fumigadas con y sin pesticidas. Para evaluar la actividad genotóxica se utilizaron las técnicas de ensayo cometa e intercambio de cromátidas hermanas, la toxicidad se determinó mediante la prueba exclusión con azul de tripano. Los resultados de los ensayos indicaron que existe un efecto genotóxico dependiente de la dosis, con un P<0.05 según la prueba Tukey. El extracto sin pesticidas comparado con el control negativo mostró diferencias no significativas con un P<0.05. Los resultados nos muestran la existencia de compuestos en el extracto de fresa fumigado con pesticidas. Posiblemente estos pesticidas son los que inducen las lesiones en el ADN de linfocitos humanos. Dado que la fresa es un producto de alto uso en nuestra región, el consumo de esta podría convertirse en un factor de riesgo para la población consumidora.

Many pesticides are classified as carcinogenic, because its main effect is to induce structural or functional damage to genetic material. Farmers in their desire to eradicate pests of crops exceed the suggested amount, this makes residues in plant parts. In this paper we evaluate the genotoxic effects in human lymphocytes induced by extracts of fumigated strawberry with and without pesticides. To evaluate the genotoxic activity, comet assay and sister chromatid exchange techniques were used; toxicity test was determined by trypan blue exclusion. The test results indicated that there is a dose-dependent effect, with P <0.05 according to Tukey test. The extract without pesticides compared to the negative control showed no significant differences with P <0.05. The results we all display the existence of compounds in strawberry extract sprayed with pesticides. Possibly these pesticides are agents that induce DNA damage in human lymphocytes. Because the strawberry is a product of high use in our region, the consumption of this could be a risk factor for the consumer population.

O hortelã-pimenta é um hibrido triplo, Mentha x piperita, utilizado de forma medicinal no tratamento de náuseas, cólicas gastrointestinais, flatulências, cálculos biliares, icterícia, ansiedade, expectoração e expulsão de vermes intestinais. Na micropropagação, o BAP (6-benzilaminopurina) e KIN (cinetina) têm sido as fontes de citocininas mais empregadas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de reguladores vegetais na multiplicação in vitro de hortelã-pimenta. Explantes constituídos de segmentos nodais provenientes de plântulas já estabelecidas in vitro com aproximadamente 0,5 cm foram inoculados em meio MS, suplementado com diferentes associações de BAP e KIN, em adição de 30 g L-1 de sacarose. As concentrações de citocininas utilizadas foram 0,0; 1,0 e 2,0 mg L-1 de BAP e 0,0; 0,5 e 1,0 mg L-1 de KIN. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com nove tratamentos consistindo de cinco frascos cada um, sendo que cada frasco continha quatro explantes. A utilização de 2,0 mg L-1 de BAP promove a multiplicação in vitro de hortelã-pimenta, porém, diminui o índice de sobrevivência. O uso de citocininas aumenta a massa fresca e seca dos explantes e a ausência destes reguladores propicia o alongamento nesta espécie.

Peppermint is used for medical treatments of nausea, gastrointestinal cramps, flatulence, gallstones, jaundice, anxiety, sputum and expulsion of intestinal worms. In micropropagation, BAP (6-benzylaminopurine) and KIN (kinetin) have been the most widely used sources of cytokinins. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of plant growth regulators in multiplication of peppermint. Explants consisting of nodal segments from seedlings already established in vitro with approximately 0,5 cm were inoculated on MS medium supplemented with different combinations of BAP and KIN and 30 g L-1 of sucrose. The concentrations of cytokinins used were 0,0; 1,0 and 2,0 mg L-1 of BAP and 0,0; 0,5 and 1,0 mg L-1 of KIN. The experiment was set up in a completely randomized design with nine treatments consisting of five bottles each, and each vial contained four explants. The use of 2,0 mg L-1 of BAP promotes the in vitro multiplication of peppermint, but decreases the survival rate. Cytokinins increase fresh and dry weight of explants and the absence of these regulators provides the elongation in this specie.

Injuries caused by venomous snakes are considered a problem of public health in Brazil, and further studies for a better knowledge are very important. The aim of this work is to describe clinical and epidemiological characteristics that were observed from 1995 to 2000 in the Hospital for Tropical Diseases of Araguaína, Tocantins State, Brazil, which is a unit of health that takes care of patients suffering from tropical diseases. We studied 440 individuals and the most common characteristics observed were masculine sex, age among 15-45 years, bite in low members, and injuries caused by snakes of the Bothrops genus. The signs and symptoms more frequently observed were edema, pain, erythema, and bleeding. The most observed systemic manifestation was alteration of blood coagulation. The most frequent complications were abscess, necrosis, bacterial infection, and renal failure. The mortality rate was 3%. These data are very important for the evaluation of the problem.

A Restinga de Jurubatiba possui pelo menos 10 formações vegetais, entre elas a Arbustiva Aberta de Clusia. Esta formação é constituída por moitas densas de várias formas e tamanhos, sendo a espécie Clusia hilariana uma das mais importantes. Moitas com Clusia (CC) têm menor riqueza vegetal e são menos densas que moitas sem Clusia (SC). Oryzomys subflavus (Rodentia) é a espécie mais abundante de pequeno mamífero na Arbustiva Aberta de Clusia. Nós testamos a hipótese que a abundância do roedor aumentaria com o tamanho da área da moita e seria maior em moitas SC. Os roedores foram capturados, marcados e soltos em três transectos de 780 metros de extensão. Em cada ponto de armadilhamento, nós avaliamos a forma da moita, calculamos sua área e anotamos se era uma moita CC ou SC. Nós testamos por ANCOVA, se a abundância de O. subflavus aumentava com a área amostrada e se diferenciava em moitas CC ou SC. Nós também testamos se o tamanho das moitas usadas pelos roedores variavam na mesma freqüência que o tamanho de moitas disponíveis. A abundância do roedor aumentou com o aumento da área, mas as retas de regressão das moitas CC e SC não diferiram nem na inclinação e nem na elevação. O padrão na abundância de O. subflavus em diferentes classes de tamanho de moitas não diferiu do número disponível de moitas observadas por classes. Esses resultados indicam que O. subflavus é uma espécie generalista na área estudada, usando o hábitat de acordo com o que está disponível.

The Restinga de Jurubatiba has at least 10 plant formations, including open Clusia shrubland. This formation is composed of dense shrubs of many shapes and sizes, where Clusia hilariana is one of the most important plant species. Shrublands with Clusia (CC) are poorer in plant species and less dense than shrublands without Clusia (SC). Oryzomys subflavus (Rodentia) is the most abundant small mammal species in the open Clusia shrubland. We tested the hypothesis that the abundance of rodents would increase with the size of the patch and would be higher in SC shrublands. Rodents were captured, marked and released in three 780-m-long transects. At each capture site, we evaluated the shape of the shrubland patch, calculated the area and noted the category of the shrubland. Using ANCOVA, we ascertained whether the abundance of Oryzomys subflavus increased with the sampled area and used CC and SC shrublands differently. We also verified if the size of patches used by rodents varies in the same frequency as the size of available shrublands. Rodent abundance was found to increase significantly with the area. There were no differences in the size of the patches used by rodents and the frequency of the size of available patches. This finding indicates that O. subflavus, in the study area, is a generalist species that uses its habitat according to availability.

The study was performed to investigate possible alterations in oxygen consumption in an animal model with broad intestinal resection. Oxygen consumption and the thermal effect of a short meal were measured in rats subjected to short bowel syndrome. Four groups of rats were used. Group I was the control group, group II was sham operated, group III was submitted to 80% jejunum-ileum resection, and group IV was submitted to 80% jejunum-ileum resection with colon interposition. Ninety days after surgery, oxygen consumption was measured over a period of 6 h with the animals fasted overnight. The thermal effect of feeding was determined in another session of oxygen consumption measurement in animals fasted for 12 h. A 12-kcal meal was then introduced into the animal chamber and oxygen consumption was measured for a further 4 h. No differences in fasting oxygen consumption or in the thermal effect of the meal were detected among the groups studied. It is concluded that short bowel syndrome does not affect the overall energy expenditure of rats.