RESUMO Neste estudo foi avaliada a capacidade de produção de carvão por meio de resíduos classe II A aterrados em uma fundação de proteção ambiental na região central do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. As amostras foram compostas (em proporção massa/massa) de 40% plástico, 25% papel/papelão, 25% espumas e borrachas sintéticas e 10% tecido de algodão e tripas de celulose. Empregou-se técnica de pirólise de baixa temperatura (350°C) com uma rampa de aquecimento de 2,70°C min-1 e tempo de residência de 30 minutos. Os experimentos foram feitos com e sem catalisador, sendo 25% de catalisador constituído de argila vermelha. Nas amostras brutas e pirolisadas foram avaliados o poder calorífico inferior (PCI), o poder calorífico superior (PCS) e o poder calorífico útil (PCU). Nas mesmas amostras também se caracterizaram carbono orgânico, teor de cinzas, cloretos, bem como alumínio, antimônio, bário, cádmio, cálcio, chumbo, cobalto, cobre, cromo total, ferro, magnésio, manganês, níquel, potássio, prata, sódio e zinco. As amostras pirolisadas com catalisador apresentaram valores de PCU de 5.473 kcal kg-1, tendo característica interessante para geração de energia, porém a presença de metais pesados, especialmente Ni e Cr, merece atenção quanto ao uso como combustível. A potencialidade para formulação de adubos também é crítica, sendo discutida na presente pesquisa.

ABSTRACT In this study, the capacity to produce coal from Class IIA residues landed in an Environmental Protection Foundation in the central region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul was evaluated. The samples were composed (in mass/mass ratio) of 40% plastic, 25% paper/cardboard, 25% foam and synthetic rubbers, and 10% cotton fabric and cellulose casings. Low temperature (350°C) pyrolysis technique was used with a heating ramp of 2.70°C min-1 and a residence time of 30 minutes. The experiments were done with and without catalyst, with 25% catalyst, consisting of red clay. In the pre-crude and pyrolysates, the Lower Calorific Power (LCP), the Higher Calorific Power (HCP), and the Useful Calorific Power (UCP) were obtained. The samples also characterized organic carbon, ash content, chlorides, as well as aluminum, antimony, barium, cadmium, calcium, lead, cobalt, copper, total chromium, iron, magnesium, manganese, nickel, potassium, silver, sodium, and zinc. Pyrolyzed samples with catalyst showed PCU values of 5,473 kcal kg-1, having an interesting characteristic for energy generation. However, the presence of heavy metals, especially Ni and Cr, deserves attention regarding their use as fuel. The potential for fertilizer information is also critical, being discussed in this research.

In this work, discarded soda-lime-silica glass bottles and tobacco residue (after oil extraction to produce biodiesel) were prepared in different formulations to obtain glass foams. The formulated compositions were homogenized and uniaxially compacted at 40 MPa then fired at 850 ºC and 900 ºC for 60 min to investigate the effects of tobacco residue and temperature in thermal and mechanical properties of the glass foams. The results show that glass foams obtained are promising materials for applications where thermal insulation and mechanical strength are desired, with values of 0.087 W.m-1K-1 and 2.1 MPa, respectively for 45% of the tobacco residue that was added to the glass foam and fired at 850 ºC. These characteristics occur through a suitable combination of thermal conductivity and compressive strength, showing advantageous properties for applications in sustainable constructions and industrial energy efficiency.

RESUMO O presente trabalho avalia os efeitos da adição de glicerol sobre a porosidade e resistência mecânica de um material cerâmico. As amostras foram compactadas por prensagem uniaxial e submetidas a temperaturas de queima de 950 °C e 1100 °C, com taxa de aquecimento de 7 °C min-1. Foram realizados ensaios físicos e mecânicos para analisar porosidade aparente, absorção de água, retração linear e resistência mecânica a flexão. Os resultados mostram que a adição de 10% de glicerol à argila melhora principalmente suas propriedades mecânicas, podendo ser um aditivo promissor para gerar materiais cerâmicos estruturais com microestrutura mais resistente.

ABSTRACT The present work evaluates the effects of the glycerol addition on the porosity and mechanical resistance of a ceramic material. Samples were compacted by uniaxial pressing and were submitted to different sintering temperatures, 950 °C and 1100° C, with a heating rate of 7 °C min-1. Physical and mechanical analysis were performed to evaluate porosity, water absorption and linear retraction. The results show that the addition of 10% of glycerol into the clay mainly improves its mechanical properties, being able to be a promising additive to generate structural materials with more resistant microstructure.