ABSTRACT We report a case of bilateral acute depigmentation of the iris in which satisfactory intraocular pressure control was obtained after resolution of the acute disease with a trabecular implant (iStent®). A 62-year-old woman presented with bilateral simultaneous acute eye pain, photophobia, increased intraocular pressure (34 mmHg), circulating pigment in the anterior chamber, areas of depigmentation in the iris, and posterior synechiae. She had received oral amoxicillin-clavulanate and moxifloxacin for pneumonia 2 months previously. Bilateral acute depigmentation of the iris was suspected as well as a viral etiology. She received oral acetazolamide, aciclovir, and prednisone, besides topical prednisolone, betaxolol, brimonidine, dorzolamide, and atropine. The disease gradually resolved in 4 months but, after 1 year, she developed bilateral cataracts, and still needed three drugs for intraocular pressure control (16/18 mmHg). Cataract-iStent® combined surgery was performed in both eyes. One year after surgery, intraocular pressure was 11/12 mmHg, without medication. iStent® was safe and effective on this secondary glaucoma.

RESUMO Relatamos um caso de despigmentação aguda bilateral da íris, no qual obtivemos adequado controle da pressão intraocular com o implante do iStent®, após resolução da fase aguda da doença. Paciente feminina, 62 anos, atendida com quadro agudo, bilateral e simultâneo de dor ocular, fotofobia, hipertensão ocular (34 mmHg), pigmentos circulantes na câmara anterior, áreas de despigmentação iriana e sinéquias posteriores. Havia recebido amoxicilina-clavulanato e moxifloxacina orais para pneumonia 2 meses antes. Suspeitando-se de despigmentação aguda bilateral da íris ou de etiologia viral, recebeu acetazolamida, aciclovir e prednisona orais, e colírios prednisolona, betaxolol, brimonidina, dorzolamida e atropina. O quadro se resolveu gradualmente em 4 meses, porém, após 1 ano, desenvolveu catarata bilateral e ainda usava 3 colírios hipotensores (pressão intraocular 16/18 mmHg). A cirurgia combinada de catarata-iStent® foi realizada em ambos os olhos. Um ano depois, a pressão intraocular mantinha-se 11/12 mmHg, sem medicação. O iStent® foi seguro e eficaz no controle deste glaucoma secundário.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to examine the effects of replacement of an antibiotic (ANT, chlorohydroxyquinoline) in the diet of weaned piglets with a prebiotic composed of β-glucans, glucomannans, and mannan-oligosaccharides on growth performance, diarrhea occurrence (DO), hematological parameters, pH of digestive content, organ weights, intestinal epithelium morphology, and intestinal bacterial counts. A total of 120 piglets (weaned at 21 d old; 6.32±0.10 kg BW) were allocated in a randomized block design, with six pens replicates and four piglets per pen as experimental unit. Treatments consisted of diets with 0, 1,000, 2,000, or 3,000 mg kg−1 of prebiotic and a basal diet with 120 mg kg−1 ANT. No differences of treatments were observed on performance, DO, pH of digestive content, organ weights, and hematological parameters. Duodenal villus density (VD) increased linearly with the prebiotic levels. In the jejunum, the prebiotic level of 2,000 mg kg−1 resulted in a greater VD compared with the ANT. Enterobacteriaceae count in the ileum and total and lactic acid bacteria counts in the cecum responded quadratically to increasing prebiotic levels. The equations estimated the prebiotic levels of 2,125, 1,167, and 1,500 mg kg−1 to provide reduced counts of the respective bacteria (ileal enterobacteria: 6.47 log CFU g−1; total cecal bacteria: 6.70 log CFU g−1; and cecal lactic acid: 7.29 log CFU g−1). Salmonella spp. was not detected, whereas Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus spp. gene copies were unaffected by the treatments. Prebiotic levels or ANT do not enhance performance or health of weanling pigs, but the effects observed on VD and microbiota profile might be an indication of the potential benefits of these products in commercial farming conditions.

The dielectric barrier discharge ionization detector (BID) is one of the most modern detectors commercially available for gas chromatography (GC). Its technology based on the sample ionization through the energy released from the helium plasma generation process gives it the ability to act as a universal detector and a greater response to various types of compounds compared to the well-established flame ionization detector (FID). In this study, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organophosphates (OPPs) and organochlorines pesticides (OCPs) were investigated. The parameters that could explain the performance of the BID and FID detectors were: structural factors, ionization energy (IE) and energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital (EHOMO), which were obtained by density functional theory (DFT). The relative (BID/FID) responses to PAHs and pesticides were about 1.8 and 3.0 times greater than FID, respectively. Less structural dependence of the BID signal compared to the FID signal was observed. Among the parameters calculated by DFT, the IE was the one that most seemed to have influenced the response of the two detectors studied. The theoretical data proved to be quite consistent to explain the trends observed experimentally, especially to the BID.

Voting for a presidential ticket is a common characteristic that is particular to the majority of presidential systems. When a voter chooses a candidate for president, they are actually also voting for the other person on the ticket, in other words, the potential successor if the mandate is interrupted. Therefore, the selection of the candidate who will run for election alongside the presidential candidate represents an opportunity to nominate someone who can increase the ticket’s electorate or increase a possible president’s capacity for governance. In the literature there is an absence of systematic studies of these strategies used in the selection of vice-presidential candidates. In order to fill part of this gap, this study proposes a Vice-Presidential Candidate Profile Index (VPCPI), which allows an analysis of the strategies adopted in the selection of running mates. For the case of Brazil after redemocratization, the results were hybrid, in other words, strategies were adopted to select candidates who can help attract votes for the ticket, but who also have political experience to act in future governments.

BACKGROUND Herpesvirus transmission between humans and non-human primate (NHP) can occur through contact scratches with lesions, infected saliva, and mainly through contaminated food. Therefore, cross-infection can lead to severe illness or even death for both the animal and human. In 2017, during the yellow fever (YF) outbreak in Brazil, species of the New World Primates (NWP) from Rio de Janeiro state, tested negative for yellow fever virus (YFV) detection. OBJECTIVES To evaluate herpesvirus in the population NWP in Rio de Janeiro. METHODS To investigate, liver samples of 283 NWP, from several regions of the state of Rio de Janeiro, were tested for the herpesvirus family using a Pan-polymerase chain reaction (Pan-PCR) and sequencing. FINDINGS 34.6% (98/283) tested positive for at least one herpesvirus; 29.3% (83/283) tested positive to Human alphaherpesvirus 1 (HSV-1), this virus from humans can be lethal to New World monkey; 13% (37/283) were detected Callitrichine gammaherpesvirus 3 (CalHV-3), responsible for lymphoproliferative disease that can be fatal in NWP. In addition, CalHV-3 / HSV-1 co-infection was in 11.6% (33/283) of the samples. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Pan-herpesvirus was useful to identify species-specific herpesviruses and virus from human that can infect animals. Furthermore, during an outbreak of YF other infections should be monitored.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a adequação de Setaria viridis como planta modelo em estudos de validação de genes candidatos à tolerância ao frio, ao avaliar a resposta de dois de seus acessos a diferentes durações de estresse por frio abrupto ou gradual, nas fases vegetativa e reprodutiva. Plantas dos acessos A10.1 e Ast-1, cultivadas a 25°C, foram submetidas aos seguintes tratamentos de estresse por frio: redução gradual da temperatura de 25 a 0°C, 5°C de cada vez, a cada 24 horas, em única câmera; ou redução abrupta da temperatura, pela transferência das plantas de uma câmera a 25°C para outra a 0°C. As plantas foram mantidas a 0°C por 3, 5, ou 10 dias, após os quais a temperatura foi aumentada novamente para 25°C; um grupo controle permaneceu a 25ºC. As baixas temperaturas – reduzidas gradual ou abruptamente – causaram redução nas taxas de troca gasosa e na biomassa da parte aérea e da raiz das plantas, além de prejuízos ao seu aparato fotoquímico; quanto mais o frio durou, mais pronunciado o efeito foi. Independentemente da duração do estresse, as plantas se recuperaram e completaram seu ciclo de vida. Os acessos estudados são tolerantes ao frio, e, portanto, não são adequados como planta modelo em estudos para validação de genes candidatos de tolerância ao frio.

Abstract The objective of this work was to determine the suitability of Setaria viridis as a model plant in studies to validate candidate genes for cold tolerance by evaluating the response of two of its accessions to different durations of abrupt or gradual cold stress in the vegetative and reproductive stages. Plants of accessions A10.1 and Ast-1, cultivated at 25°C, were subjected to the following cold stress treatments: gradual reduction in temperature from 25 to 0°C, 5°C at a time, every 24 hours in a same chamber; or abrupt reduction in temperature, by transferring plants from a chamber at 25°C to another at 0°C. Plants were kept at 0°C for 3, 5, or 10 days, after which temperature was increased back again to 25°C; a control group remained at 25ºC. Low temperatures – reduced abruptly or gradually – caused a decrease in the gas exchange rates and shoot and root biomass of the plants, besides damage to their photochemical apparatus; the longer the cold lasted, the more pronounced the effect was. Regardless of stress duration, plants recovered and completed their life cycle. The studied accessions are tolerant to cold and, therefore, are not suitable as a model plant in studies to validate candidate genes for cold tolerance.

Resumo: A história recente tem demonstrado que o vice-presidente é um ator relevante no cenário político, não somente no Brasil, mas também nos demais países da América Latina. Alguns estudos têm se debruçado sobre a vice-presidência, mas o interesse da área sobre o assunto é relativamente recente. Para dar mais visibilidade ao tema, o objetivo deste artigo é mapear a literatura, apontar os achados e indicar linhas de pesquisa em aberto. Para isso, utilizou-se como instrumento metodológico a revisão de escopo, técnica que aplica protocolos transparentes e replicáveis no levantamento e seleção de trabalhos. No geral, a literatura tem tratado de aspectos institucionais da vice-presidência, os processos decisórios dos atores na arena eleitoral e a questão sucessória. A agenda de pesquisa futura aponta a necessidade de a literatura aprofundar as investigações sobre as negociações interpartidárias na nomeação de candidatos à vice-presidência, bem como o desempenho do vice no governo e a tendência crescente de vice-presidentes mulheres.

Abstract: Recent political events have shown that the vice-president is a significant player in the political arena, not only in the Brazilian case but also in other Latin American countries. Some studies have indeed focused on the vice-presidency, but this interest is quite recent. This article maps the literature, identifying its main findings, and proposing an agenda for future research. To this end, we conducted a scoping review. This review technique requires transparent and replicable protocols for searching and selecting published studies. The review finds that the literature on the vice-presidency has focused on institutional aspects, on how political actors make decisions in the electoral arena about the VP candidate, and on the issue of succession. Future research should explore interparty negotiations on the nomination of running mates, the vice-presidents’ performance of their duties, and the growing tendency for women to take office as vice-president.

RESUMO Relatamos um caso de despigmentação aguda bilateral da íris, no qual obtivemos adequado controle da pressão intraocular com o implante do iStent®, após resolução da fase aguda da doença. Paciente feminina, 62 anos, atendida com quadro agudo, bilateral e simultâneo de dor ocular, fotofobia, hipertensão ocular (34 mmHg), pigmentos circulantes na câmara anterior, áreas de despigmentação iriana e sinéquias posteriores. Havia recebido amoxicilina-clavulanato e moxifloxacina orais para pneumonia 2 meses antes. Suspeitando-se de despigmentação aguda bilateral da íris ou de etiologia viral, recebeu acetazolamida, aciclovir e prednisona orais, e colírios prednisolona, betaxolol, brimonidina, dorzolamida e atropina. O quadro se resolveu gradualmente em 4 meses, porém, após 1 ano, desenvolveu catarata bilateral e ainda usava 3 colírios hipotensores (pressão intraocular 16/18 mmHg). A cirurgia combinada de catarata-iStent® foi realizada em ambos os olhos. Um ano depois, a pressão intraocular mantinha-se 11/12 mmHg, sem medicação. O iStent® foi seguro e eficaz no controle deste glaucoma secundário.

ABSTRACT We report a case of bilateral acute depigmentation of the iris in which satisfactory intraocular pressure control was obtained after resolution of the acute disease with a trabecular implant (iStent®). A 62-year-old woman presented with bilateral simultaneous acute eye pain, photophobia, increased intraocular pressure (34 mmHg), circulating pigment in the anterior chamber, areas of depigmentation in the iris, and posterior synechiae. She had received oral amoxicillin-clavulanate and moxifloxacin for pneumonia 2 months previously. Bilateral acute depigmentation of the iris was suspected as well as a viral etiology. She received oral acetazolamide, aciclovir, and prednisone, besides topical prednisolone, betaxolol, brimonidine, dorzolamide, and atropine. The disease gradually resolved in 4 months but, after 1 year, she developed bilateral cataracts, and still needed three drugs for intraocular pressure control (16/18 mmHg). Cataract-iStent® combined surgery was performed in both eyes. One year after surgery, intraocular pressure was 11/12 mmHg, without medication. iStent® was safe and effective on this secondary glaucoma.

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar as funções visuais dos idosos e a relação com a visão funcional e quedas. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo de caráter transversal, realizado no município de Anápolis-GO com 46 idosos de idade ≥ a 60 anos, que cumpriram com todos os requisitos de inclusão. Estes foram avaliados quanto a visão funcional, funções visuais, funcionalidade global e autorrelato de quedas. Foi realizada análise estatística para verificar a correlação entre caidores e não caidores com as funções visuais e a visão funcional. Resultados: Houve uma correlação estatisticamente significativa entre o autorrelato de quedas e a estereopsia em idosos (p=0,05). Do mesmo modo, foi encontrado uma relação entre a visão funcional e a acuidade visual (p=0,023). O medo de novas quedas afetou a grande maioria dos idosos. Todavia, não houve correlação entre o autorrelato da visão e as quedas. Conclusão: Os resultados encontrados evidenciam que há correlação entre a estereopsia e a incidência de quedas, sugerindo que a visão de profundidade pode estar diretamente relacionada ao risco de quedas. Houve também, correlação entre a visão funcional e a acuidade visual, sugerindo que a capacidade do olho em distinguir detalhes, contornos e formas pode influenciar na qualidade das atividades que envolvem a visão.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the visual functions of the elderly and the relationship with functional vision and falls. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in the municipality of Anápolis-GO with 46 elderly aged ≥ 60 years, who met all inclusion requirements. These were evaluated for functional vision, visual functions, overall functionality and self-reported falls. Statistical analysis was performed to verify the correlation between fallers and nonfallers with visual functions and functional vision. Results: There was a statistically significant correlation between self-reported falls and stereopsis in the elderly (p=0.05). Similarly, a relationship was found between functional vision and visual acuity (p=0.023). Fear of further falls affected the vast majority of the elderly. However, there was no correlation between self-reported vision and falls. Conclusion: The results show that there is a correlation between stereopsis and the incidence of falls, suggesting that deep vision may be directly related to the risk of falls. There was also a correlation between functional vision and visual acuity, suggesting that the ability of the eye to distinguish details, contours and shapes may influence the quality of activities involving vision.

Resumen: El síndrome de Kabuki consiste en una serie de anomalías congénitas que involucran discapacidad intelectual, hipotonía y dismorfismo facial y corporal. Además de estos signos cardinales, con frecuencia se observan cambios craneofaciales y dentales, aunque no se entienden completamente. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este artículo es presentar los hallazgos dentales en pacientes con síndrome de Kabuki. Esta es una revisión sistemática desarrollada de acuerdo con el protocolo PRISMA. Se aplicó una estrategia de búsqueda con descriptores ("síndrome de kabuki" AND "odontología") a seis bases de datos. Como criterios de inclusión, seleccionamos informes de casos clínicos que abordaban los hallazgos dentales en uno o más pacientes con síndrome de Kabuki entre 1999 y 2019, sin restricciones de género, edad o idioma. La recolección de datos en todas las bases de datos fue realizada por un evaluador calibrado y los títulos, resúmenes y estudios de texto completo fueron analizados sistemáticamente. Se encontraron once informes de casos que se ajustan a los criterios de inclusión propuestos. Después de la síntesis cualitativa, la ausencia de dientes o la agenesia fueron los hallazgos más reportados, siendo observados por nueve autores. Los hallazgos dentales menos frecuentes en pacientes con este síndrome son taurodoncia, microdoncia, fusión, geminación y dientes cónicos o con forma de destornillador. De hecho, cuando cualquier síndrome o condición genética se relaciona con manifestaciones de interés dental, el cirujano dental debe poder investigarlas, especialmente la agenesia o ausencia de los dientes. Por esta razón, el dentista debe ser consciente de las manifestaciones del síndrome de Kabuki, lo que contribuye a la comprensión y el manejo de los pacientes.

Abstract: Kabuki syndrome consists in a series of congenital anomalies involving intellectual disability, hypotonia, and facial and body dysmorphism. In addition to these cardinal signs, craniofacial and dental changes are frequently observed, although they are not fully understood. Thus, the aim of this article is to present the dental findings in patients with Kabuki syndrome. This is a systematic review developed according to the PRISMA protocol. A search strategy with descriptors ("kabuki syndrome" AND "dentistry") was applied to six databases. As inclusion criteria, we selected clinical case reports that addressed dental findings in one or more patients with Kabuki syndrome between 1999 and 2019, without restrictions regarding gender, age or language. Data collection in all databases was performed by a calibrated evaluator and titles, abstracts and full-text studies were systematically analyzed. Eleven case reports that fit the proposed inclusion criteria were found. After the qualitative synthesis, teeth absence or agenesis were the most reported findings, being observed by nine authors. Less frequent dental findings in patients with this syndrome are taurodontism, microdontia, fusion, gemination and conical or screwdriver-shaped teeth. In fact, when any syndrome or genetic condition is related to manifestations of dental interest, the dental surgeon should be able to investigate them, especially teeth agenesis or absence. For this reason, the dentist should be aware of the manifestations of Kabuki syndrome, contributing to patients' understanding and management.

RESUMO Introdução A adequada mensuração da velocidade de movimento nos exercícios de força muscular pode auxiliar na prescrição e avaliação dos efeitos do treinamento. Objetivo Os objetivos do presente estudo foram analisar a confiabilidade (teste-reteste) e validade concorrente da velocidade de movimento mensurada por meio do eletrogoniômetro e acelerômetro durante exercício leg press horizontal em diferentes intensidades (40, 60, 80% de uma repetição máxima - 1RM). Métodos Dezoito mulheres jovens compareceram ao laboratório em cinco ocasiões. Após determinação da força dinâmica máxima, duas visitas (separadas por 48-72 horas) foram destinadas a verificação da confiabilidade (teste-reteste) para diferentes variáveis de velocidade nas três intensidades. Resultados A velocidade média propulsiva obtida pelo goniômetro apresentou maiores coeficientes de correlação Intraclasse (CCI) e menores coeficientes de variação em comparação ao acelerômetro. O mesmo comportamento foi verificado tanto para a velocidade média quanto a pico. O tempo propulsivo foi mais reprodutível e com menor variação para o acelerômetro e CCI ruins para ambos os sensores foram observados em 60% de 1RM. Quando os sensores são comparados, a velocidade média e média propulsiva apresentaram relações moderadas com viés médio padronizado grande a muito grande. Conclusão O potenciômetro do eletrogoniômetro pode ser utilizado para estimar a velocidade no exercício leg press horizontal, em especial, para cargas de 60 e 80%. O desempenho do acelerômetro se mostrou inferior ao do potenciômetro. Nível de evidência II; Estudos diagnósticos.

ABSTRACT Introduction Adequate measurement of movement velocity in strength exercises can assist in the prescription and evaluation of training effects. Objective The objectives of the present study were to analyze the reliability (test-retest) and concurrent validity of the movement velocity measured by means of the electrogoniometer and accelerometer during horizontal leg press exercise at different intensities (40, 60, 80% of a maximum repetition - 1RM). Methods Eighteen young women attended the laboratory on five occasions. After determining the maximum dynamic force, two visits (separated by 48-72 hours) were used to verify the reliability (test-retest) for different speed variables in the three intensities. Results The mean propulsive velocity obtained by the goniometer showed higher Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and lower coefficients of variation compared to the accelerometer. The same behavior was observed for both the mean velocity and the peak velocity. The propulsive time was more reproducible and with less variation for the accelerometer and bad CCI for both sensors were observed at 60% of 1RM. When the sensors are compared, the mean and average propulsive velocities presented moderate ratios with a large to very large standardized medium bias. Conclusion The potentiometer of the electrogoniometer can be used to estimate the velocity in the horizontal leg press exercise, especially for loads of 60 and 80%. The performance of the accelerometer was inferior to that of the potentiometer. Level of evidence II; Diagnostic studies.

RESUMEN Introducción La medición adecuada de la velocidad de movimiento en los ejercicios de fuerza muscular puede ayudar en la prescripción y evaluación de los efectos del entrenamiento. Objetivo Los objetivos del presente estudio fueron analizar la confiabilidad (test-retest) y la validez concurrente de la velocidad de movimiento medida por medio del electrogoniómetro y acelerómetro durante ejercicio leg press horizontal en diferentes intensidades (40, 60, 80% de una repetición máxima - ١RM). Métodos Dieciocho mujeres jóvenes asistieron al laboratorio en cinco ocasiones. Después de la determinación de la fuerza dinámica máxima, dos visitas (separadas por 48-72 horas) fueron destinadas a verificación de la confiabilidad (test-reteste) para diferentes variables de velocidad en las tres intensidades. Resultados La velocidad media propulsiva obtenida por el goniómetro presentó mayores coeficientes de correlación Intraclasse (CCI) y menores coeficientes de variación en comparación al acelerómetro. El mismo comportamiento se verificó tanto para la velocidad media como la pico. El tiempo propulsivo fue más reproducible y con menor variación para el acelerómetro y CCI malos para ambos sensores se observó en un 60% de 1RM. Cuando los sensores son comparados, la velocidad media y media propulsiva presentaron relaciones moderadas con sesgo medio estandarizado grande a muy grande. Conclusión El potenciómetro del electrogoniómetro puede ser utilizado para estimar la velocidad en el ejercicio leg press horizontal, en especial, para cargas de 60 y 80%. El rendimiento del acelerómetro se mostró inferior al del potenciómetro. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios dianósticos.

RESUMO A salinidade tem influência em todas as etapas da germinação e pode afetar consideravelmente o estabelecimento de plântulas em campo. Os objetivos desta pesquisa foram determinar a atividade antioxidante, o desempenho fisiológico das sementes e analisar imagens de plântulas de milho pipoca após exposição das sementes a estresse salino. Utilizou-se delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições, em arranjo fatorial com três híbridos de milho pipoca (P618, AP6002, AP8203) e cinco potenciais salinos (0,0; -0,1; -0,3; -0,6 e -0,9 MPa). A qualidade fisiológica das sementes foi avaliada por meio da primeira contagem de germinação, germinação, classificação do vigor de plântulas (plântulas normais fortes) e massa seca das plântulas. Avaliaram-se, também os comprimentos do coleóptilo e raiz, índices de vigor , uniformidade e crescimento de plântulas, mediante análise computadorizada de imagens, com utilização do software Groundeye®. A atividade de enzimas antioxidantes superóxido dismutase (SOD), ascorbato peroxidase (APX) e catalase (CAT) também foi determinada. O estresse salino compromete a qualidade fisiológica e a atividade antioxidante de sementes e o desempenho de plântulas de milho pipoca. A análise computadorizada de imagens usando Groundeye® foi eficiente na avaliação de plântulas de milho pipoca após as sementes serem submetidas ao estresse salino. Os híbridos AP6002 e AP8203 são mais tolerantes ao estresse salino.

ABSTRACT Salinity influences all germination stages and may adversely affect seedling establishment in the field. The objective of this research was to determine the relationship between the antioxidant activity and the physiological performance of seeds and to verify the efficacy of the imaging analysis of popcorn seedlings after seed exposure to saline stress. A completely randomized design was used that consisted of four replicates in a factorial scheme. This scheme comprised three popcorn hybrids (P618, AP6002, and AP8203) and five saline potential levels (0.0; -0.1; -0.3; -0.6, and -0.9 MPa) that were obtained from KCl solutions of different concentrations. First count germination, germination and seedling vigor classification (strong normal seedlings), and dry mass of seedlings were evaluated to determine the physiological quality of the seed. The images of seedlings were used to evaluate the coleoptile and root lengths, indices of vigor, uniformity, and growth using the Groundeye® software. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and catalase (CAT) were also determined. Saline stress compromises the physiological quality and antioxidant activity of seeds and the performance of popcorn seedlings. Computerized image analysis using Groundeye® was efficient in evaluating the popcorn seedlings after being subjected to salt stress. Hybrids AP6002 and AP8203 were more tolerant to salt stress than hybrid P618.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a associação da anemia com a vulnerabilidade socioeconômica de pré-escolares de creches públicas da cidade de Taubaté, SP, Brasil. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal com amostra probabilística que analisou 363 crianças assistidas em creches públicas de regiões de baixa e alta renda de Taubaté. A concentração de hemoglobina (Hb), variável dependente, foi obtida por meio de punção digital, considerando anêmicas as crianças com concentração de Hb<11,0 g/dL. As variáveis independentes como condições socioeconômicas e demográficas foram coletadas por questionário semiestruturado. Resultados: A prevalência de anemia por deficiência de ferro foi de 19,3% entre os pré-escolares. As crianças das creches de elevada vulnerabilidade socioeconômica apresentaram concentração de Hb estatisticamente menor do que aquelas de região não vulnerável (p<0,05). Conclusões: A menor concentração de Hb em pré-escolares está associada à localização das creches em região de vulnerabilidade socioeconômica, uma vez que as crianças que frequentam tais creches enfrentam condições adversas familiares, como baixa renda, mães que trabalham e com baixa escolaridade, embora recebam benefício social e acompanhamento pelos serviços públicos de saúde.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the association of anemia with the socioeconomic vulnerability of preschoolers in public day care centers, in the city of Taubaté, SP, Brazil. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with a probabilistic sample that analyzed 363 children assisted in public day care centres in low-income and high-income areas of Taubaté, SP, Brazil. The hemoglobin concentration (Hb), dependent variable, was obtained by digital puncture, considering anemic children with Hb concentration <11.0 g/dL. The independent variables such as socioeconomic and demographic conditions were collected by a semi-structured questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia was 19.3% among preschoolers. Children from day care centers with high socioeconomic vulnerability had lower Hb concentration than those from a non-vulnerable area (p<0.05). Conclusions: The lower concentration of hemoglobin in preschoolers is associated with the location of day care centers in an area of socioeconomic vulnerability. Children attending these day care centers face adverse family conditions such as low income, working mothers, and mothers with low schooling, though they receive social benefits and monitoring by public health services.

Abstract: Recent events have attracted attention to the vice presidency. Therein lies the debate surrounding the selection of candidates for the position. In presidential regimes, the candidate for vice president competes in the presidential ticket. Despite being widely adopted in Latin America, there are few studies on this subject. Given this absence, this study investigates the criteria and strategies for selecting vice-presidential candidates in Brazil after re-democratization. The aim is to verify if the strategies and criteria present in the theoretical framework apply to the Brazilian case. The findings indicate that the selectors look for candidates who can contribute electorally to the formula, but also have government skills to assist the future president. In particular, the selectors choose vice presidency candidates with an extensive political career, that come from populous States, that are from a different region and age generation of the presidency candidate.

Resumo: Acontecimentos recentes têm atraído a atenção sobre a vice-presidência. Nisso está o debate entorno da seleção de candidato para o cargo. Nos regimes presidencialistas, o candidato a vice-presidente concorre na fórmula presidencial. Apesar de ser um instituto amplamente adotado na América Latina, há poucos trabalhos sobre esse tema. Dada essa ausência, este estudo investiga os critérios e as estratégias de seleção de candidatos à vice-presidência no Brasil pós-redemocratização. O objetivo é verificar se os critérios e as estratégias presentes no referencial teórico são aplicáveis ao caso brasileiro. Os achados indicam que os selecionadores procuram candidatos que possam auxiliar eleitoralmente a fórmula, mas que tenham, também, habilidade governativa para auxiliar o futuro presidente. Em específico, são escolhidos os candidatos com extensa carreira política, vindos de estados populosos, que equilibrem regionalmente com o candidato à presidência e que sejam de outra geração etária.