Abstract Objective: To compare high and low-fidelity simulations for the recognition of respiratory distress and failure in urgency and emergency pediatric scenarios. Methods: 70 fourth-year medical students were randomly distributed in high and low-fidelity groups and simulated different types of respiratory problems. Theory tests, performance checklists, and satisfaction and self-confidence questionnaires were used in the assessment. Face-to-face simulation and memory retention was applied. The statistics were evaluated by averages and quartiles, Kappa, and generalized estimating equations. The p-value was considered 0.05. Results: In the theory test there was an increase in scores in both methodologies (p < 0.001 ); in memory retention (p = 0.043) and at the end of the process the high-fidelity group had better results. The performance in the practical checklists was better after the second simulation (p > 0,05). The high-fidelity group felt more challenged in both phases (p = 0.042; p = 0.018) and showed greater self-confidence to recognize changes in clinical conditions and in memory retention (p = 0.050). The same group, in relation to the hypothetical real patient to be treated in the future, felt better confident to recognize respiratory distress and failure (p = 0.008; p = 0.004), and better prepared to make a systematic clinical evaluation of the patient in memory retention (p = 0.016). Conclusion: The two levels of simulations enhance diagnostic skills. High fidelity improves knowledge, leads the student to feel more challenged and more self-confident in recognizing the severity of the clinical case, including memory retention, and showed benefits regarding self-confidence in recognizing respiratory distress and failure in pediatric cases.

RESUMO CONTEXTO: A gastrostomia endoscópica percutânea (GEP) é uma importante opção de nutrição enteral para crianças e adultos, sendo considerada uma técnica segura, eficaz e vantajosa em comparação às outras vias de alimentação complementar. Permite a alimentação contínua, a alimentação em pacientes com distúrbios de deglutição de causa neurológica ou outros, a administração de dietas ou medicamentos não palatáveis, todos com baixos índices de complicações e mortalidade. OBJETIVO: Avaliar as principais indicações e complicações de pacientes pediátricos submetidos à GEP e o impacto no estado nutricional de pacientes submetidos à GEP para suplementação nutricional, comparando peso, índice de massa corporal (IMC) e estatura com referências da Organização Mundial de Saúde. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional e retrospectivo de 152 crianças e adolescentes submetidos à GEP, no período de janeiro/2003 a dezembro/2018. Foram incluídos pacientes até 18 anos de idade na época do procedimento. As complicações relacionadas ao procedimento foram divididas em menores e maiores. Pacientes com indicação de GEP para suplementação nutricional foram avaliados quanto ao ganho de peso, altura e IMC, por meio do escore Z no dia do procedimento e 6 meses; 1 ano; e 2 anos após o procedimento. RESULTADOS: As indicações para GEP foram distúrbio de deglutição de causa neurológica (67,1%), necessidade de suplementação nutricional (25%), distúrbio de deglutição de origem mecânica (6,6%), e indicação de descompressão gástrica (1,3%). Complicações menores ocorreram em 57,8% dos pacientes e complicações maiores em 9,8%. A técnica de tração correspondeu a 92,1% e a punção, 7,9%. A taxa de mortalidade foi de 1,3%. Trinta e oito pacientes tinham indicação de suplementação nutricional. Nestes, houve aumento gradativo tanto do IMC quanto do peso, com variação estatisticamente significativa da mediana P=0,0340 e P=0,0105, respectivamente, mais evidente nos pacientes renais crônicos. A altura não variou significativamente (P=0,543). CONCLUSÃO: A GEP mostrou-se uma opção vantajosa como forma auxiliar de alimentação em pacientes pediátricos, tendo como principais indicações a disfagia de causa neurológica e a necessidade de suplementação nutricional, com baixa prevalência de complicações maiores e mortalidade. Este estudo também mostrou a importância da GEP em pacientes com necessidade de suplementação nutricional, possibilitando a passagem dos pacientes desnutridos para escores nutricionais de peso adequados à idade.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is an important option for enteral nutrition for both children and adults. It is considered a safe, effective, and advantageous technique in comparison to other complementary feeding routes. It allows continuous feeding, the feeding of patients with swallowing disorders due to neurological causes or others, and the administration of non-palatable diets or medications, all with low rates of complications and mortality. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the main indications and complications of PEG in pediatric patients. In addition, the impact on the nutritional status of patients undergoing PEG was also compared with weight, body mass index (BMI), and height according to references from the World Health Organization. METHODS: This observational and retrospective study included 152 children and adolescents who underwent PEG between January/2003 and December/2018. Patients up to 18 years of age at the time of the procedure were included. Complications related to the procedure were classified as minor or major. Patients with PEG indication for nutritional supplementation were evaluated for weight gain, height, and BMI, using the Z score at the day of the procedure and six months, 1 year, and 2 years after the procedure. RESULTS: Indications for PEG were: swallowing disorder of neurological cause (67.1%), need for nutritional supplementation (25%), swallowing disorder of mechanical origin (6.6%), and indication of gastric decompression (1.3%). Minor complications occurred in 57.8% of patients and major complications in 9.8% of patients. The traction technique corresponded to 92.1% and puncture to 7.9%. The death rate was 1.3%. Thirty-eight patients had an indication for nutritional supplementation. In these patients, there was a gradual increase in both BMI and weight, reaching statistically significant differences (P=0.0340 and P= 0.0105, respectively). These differences were more evident in chronic renal disease patients. Height did not vary significantly (P=0.543). CONCLUSION: PEG proved to be an advantageous option as an auxiliary feeding method in pediatric patients. Dysphagia of neurological origin was the main indication followed by the need for nutritional supplementation. PEG has low frequency of major complications and mortality. This study also showed the importance of PEG in patients who need nutritional supplementation, as it enabled patients to move from undernutrition to normal weight ranges.

RESUMO O uso da simulação e da educação a distância tem aumentado consideravelmente na área da saúde, permitindo o desenvolvimento de competências de forma ética e segura. O objetivo deste artigo é descrever a concepção e a avaliação de um curso semipresencial de emergência pré-hospitalar para médicos e enfermeiros da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Belo Horizonte, Brasil. O curso a distância foi composto por 13 aulas, e a parte presencial por dez estações temáticas. Os participantes responderam a um questionário semiestruturado (escala de Likert) como forma de avaliar o curso. Participaram do curso 203 (63,6%) médicos e 116 (36,4%) enfermeiros. A maioria dos médicos (72,1%) tinha terminado seus estudos havia mais de cinco anos e tinha pouca prática (72,9%) em medidas de suporte avançado de vida. O curso a distância foi bem avaliado quanto a qualidade geral e dos vídeos, uso de imagens e animações, e usabilidade do sistema. A plataforma de ensino foi considerada amigável. A parte de simulação foi bem avaliada. O curso utilizou metodologia baseada em simulação e educação a distância, sendo bem avaliado. A plataforma de ensino foi classificada como boa e de fácil utilização.

ABSTRACT The use of simulation and e-learning has increased considerably in healthcare related educational activities, enabling the acquisition of skills ethically and safely. The objective is to describe the design and evaluation of a semi-distance pre-hospital emergency course for physicians and nurses at the Public Health Department of Belo Horizonte City, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The course comprised 13 online lessons and ten stations, which used simulated scenarios. The participants answered a semi-structured questionnaire using the Likert scale to evaluate the course. Course participation included 203 (63.6%) physicians and 116 (36.4%) nurses; most physicians (72.1%) had finished their studies over five years prior to the study, and had little practice (72.9%) on advanced life support measures. The distance course was well evaluated in terms of general quality, video quality, use of images and animations and usability. The e-learning system was considered to be user friendly by doctors and nurses, and the practical activities were well rated. The course used methodology based on simulation and distance education, and received positive evaluations. The system was rated as good and easy to use.