RESUMO A colheita dos frutos de café verdes prejudica a qualidade final do produto, portanto devem ser separados dos frutos maduros durante o processamento. Como a proporção de frutos verdes colhidos pode ser alta, necessita-se gerar informações e tecnologias para o manejo adequado a fim de agregar valor aos grãos oriundos dessa categoria de frutos. Objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade dos grãos de café, oriundos de frutos verdes separados durante o processamento por via úmida e descascados após a imersão temporária em água. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com seis tratamentos (café cereja descascado e verde manejo tradicional secos em terreiro de concreto, verde imerso descascado e não descascados secos em terreiro de concreto e em terreiro suspenso) e quatro repetições, ao longo da safra de 2018. Após o descascamento da amostra imersa temporariamente, as frações descascadas e não descascadas foram divididas e secas em terreiro suspenso e de concreto. Avaliaram-se o rendimento do descascamento dos frutos verdes e as características físicas e sensoriais dos grãos beneficiados. O rendimento médio do descascamento foi de 62% e permitiu a segregação dos frutos verdes mais desenvolvidos, equiparando-os à qualidade física e sensorial do café cereja descascado.

ABSTRACT The harvest of green coffee fruits affects their quality; they should be separated from the ripe fruits during processing. The proportion of harvested green fruits can be high, requiring information and technologies to adequately manage and add value to coffee beans from this fruit category. The objective of this work was to evaluate the quality of coffee beans from green fruits separated during a wet processing and peeled after temporary immersion in water. A completely randomized design was used, consisting of six treatments (ripe peeled coffee fruits dried on suspended yards, non-peeled green coffee fruits under traditional dry management on a concrete yard, and peeled and non-peeled green coffee fruits temporarily immersed in water and dried on suspended and concrete yards) and four replications, in the 2018 crop season. Samples of coffee beans temporarily immersed in water were peeled and separated into peeled and non-peeled fractions and dried in suspended and concrete yards. The peeling yield of green coffee beans and the physical and sensorial characteristics of the processed coffee beans were evaluated. The mean peeling yield was 62% and allowed the separation of more developed green fruits, equating them to ripe peeled coffee beans regarding physical and sensorial quality.

ABSTRACT The quality of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seeds is directly influenced by their physical characteristics, which are seldom studied notwithstanding their extreme importance in the entire production chain. Therefore, the objective of this study was to quantify the physical properties of two types of sesame seeds, collected at three points in the plant with different maturation levels, measured with digital caliper, and to evaluate the feasibility of using a digital image to determine their physical characteristics. The seeds were initially evaluated for water content and mass of 1000 seeds, and later with the data of the characteristic dimensions A (length), B (width), and C (thickness), obtained by a caliper and digital images, we determined their sphericity, circularity, projected area, and geometric diameter. We observed that water content did not affect the physical properties of the cream (CNPA G4) and black sesame cultivars. In addition, seeds of the black cultivar presented higher results than the seeds of the cream cultivar for the mass of 1000 seeds (2.7 ± 0.08 g), sphericity (58.8 ± 0.47%), projected area (4.03 ± 0.12 mm2), and geometric diameter (1.65 ± 0.03 mm). Seed batches harvested after 70% maturation had the highest mass of 1000 seeds (2.7 ± 0.12 g). The results of the physical analyses of sesame seeds performed with caliper and digital image are equivalent, which shows that digital images can be used as tools to obtain the physical properties of seeds.

RESUMO O feijão-comum apresenta grande importância na economia brasileira e a cultura da mamona ainda é emergente no Centro-Oeste, porém com grande potencial de exploração pelos agricultores em razão das condições climáticas prevalecentes e topografia plana. Desta forma, objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar as características agronômicas de cultivares de feijão-comum e híbridos de mamona oriundos de consórcio e monocultivo nas condições edafoclimáticas da região do Cerrado. Empregou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 4 x 2 + 6, com três repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por quatro cultivares de feijão-comum (BRS Pérola, BRS Esteio, BRSMG Realce e BRS Pitanga) consorciadas com duas cultivares híbridas de mamona (Tamar e Ag Ima), acrescidos das respectivas cultivares em monocultivo. As cultivares de feijão-comum tiveram a altura de planta influenciada no consórcio com os híbridos de mamona, no entanto, os híbridos de mamona não tiveram suas características agronômicas influenciadas pelas cultivares de feijão-comum. O consórcio entre as cultivares de feijão-comum Esteio, Realce e Pérola e os híbridos de mamona Tamar e Ag Ima foi classificado como viável pelo índice de equivalência de área uma vez que este índice apresentou valores superiores a 1,0 para o consórcio entre estas cultivares, demonstrando que seria necessário mais de um hectare em monocultivo para produzir a mesma quantidade que um hectare em consórcio.

ABSTRACT Common bean has great importance in the Brazilian economy and castor bean is still emerging in Midwestern Brazil, but with great potential of exploitation by farmers due to the prevailing climatic conditions and flat topography. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the agronomic characteristics of common bean cultivars and castor bean hybrids in intercropping and monocropping under the edaphoclimatic conditions of the Cerrado region. The randomized block design was used in 4 x 2 + 6 factorial scheme, with three replicates. Treatments were composed of four cultivars of common beans (BRS Pérola, BRS Esteio, BRSMG Realce and BRS Pitanga) intercropped with two castor bean hybrids (Tamar and Ag Ima), plus the respective crops in monocropping. In common bean cultivars, plant height was influenced in the intercropping with castor bean hybrids; however, agronomic characteristics of the castor bean hybrids were not influenced by common bean cultivars. The intercropping between common bean cultivars (BRS Esteio, BRSMG Realce and BRS Pitanga) and castor bean hybrids (Tamar and Ag Ima) was classified as viable by the area equivalence index, since this index presented values greater than 1.0 for the intercropping between these cultivars. This fact indicates that it would take more than one hectare in monocropping to produce the same amount than one hectare in intercropping.