RESUMO Patos, gansos e cisnes estão incluídos na família Anatidae, ordem Anseriformes. Entre as principais causas de ferimentos em aves aquáticas, o embaraço com materiais de pesca e a ingestão de corpos estranhos são os mais citados. Um pato-do-mato (Cairina moschata) foi encaminhado para tratamento no Hospital Veterinário e, mediante exame radiográfico, verificou-se a presença de um anzol na cavidade celomática, provavelmente no proventrículo. Utilizando-se o acesso intercostal esquerdo, foi feita a exposição e a incisão do proventrículo. Por meio dessa incisão, o anzol com um segmento de linha de pesca foi delicadamente retirado. O animal começou a se alimentar voluntariamente no quarto dia pós-operatório e duas semanas após o procedimento o paciente se encontrava clinicamente bem e apto à soltura. Esta abordagem cirúrgica difere, em alguns aspectos, das técnicas listadas na literatura e provou ser uma alternativa viável e adequada ao caso, não causando complicações e permitindo recuperação rápida, com posterior soltura do animal.

ABSTRACT Ducks, geese and swans are included in the Anatidae family, Anseriformes order. The leading injuries causes to waterfowl are tangling in fishing materials and foreign bodies ingestion. A muscovy duck (Cairina moschata) was referred for treatment at Veterinary Teaching Hospital and a radiographic examination showed the presence of a hook in the coelom. Surgical exposure and incision of the proventriculus was made through left intercostal access and the hook along with a fishing line were gently removed. The animal began to feed voluntarily at the fourth post-operative day and two weeks after the procedure the patient was clinically well and was released to wild. This surgical approach differs in some aspects from the listed techniques in the known literature. It proved to be a viable and appropriate alternative to treat this affection since it did not cause any trans- or post-operative complications and enabled rapid recovery and subsequent patient release.

Collapse and drying stresses are currently induced during the drying of Eucalyptus nitens in solid wood products. The purpose of this study was to investigate these drying stresses by measuring hygromechanical strains during the drying of Eucalyptus nitens boards. Small samples of Eucalyptus nitens wood were oriented in the radial and tangential directions and tested to determine the hygromechanical strains during the drying process. This experimental work consisted of cantilevered bending tests conducted under variable relative humidity conditions. Tests were performed in a conditioning chamber at 30 °C with an equilibrium moisture content ranging from 22 to 12% under four levels of stress: 0, 10, 20 and 30% of the rupture load. The strains were determined using strain gauges, and the total deflection was measured with a linear variable differential transformer. The results show that in hygromechanical strains during the drying of Eucalyptus nitens, both the surface deformation and mechano-sorption strain were found to be proportional to the applied stress and reached their maximum values in the tangential direction. The total deflection increased 0,18 mm/mm with a surface deformation of 0,20 mm/mm, and the mechano-sorptive strain provides a greater contribution with a value of 0,11 mm/mm, thus corresponding to 59% of the total deformation. In attempts to improve the drying schedules of Eucalyptus nitens to develop solid wood products, mechano-sorptive behavior may be applied to relieve collapse and drying stress.

Listeria monocytogenes, rare pathogen in the general population, causes serious infections in patients at the extreme ages of life, pregnant woman, and those with immunosuppression. The clinical manifestations are essential to suspect the disease in patients at risk, allowing an early prescription of antimicrobial therapy, before the results of the cultures are available. Clinical course and prognosis depends on how early treatment is started and, in pregnant women, the gestational age. In Clínica Alemana, at Santiago, we detected a 15 fold rate rise of neonatal listeriosis between year 2007 and 2008. Ten cases were diagnosed between January and July 2008 and the seven cases occurring in pregnant women are reported here. All these patients were in their first pregnancy, which could be associated with similar lifestyle and food habits. Considering this new epidemiological scenario, it is important to educate the population, and to conduct an epidemiological study in order to determine the national situation of Listeria monocytogenes infection.

Listeria monocytogenes, es un patógeno poco frecuente en la población general, causante de infecciones graves en pacientes en edades extremas de la vida, mujeres embarazadas e inmunodeprimidos. La sospecha de la enfermedad en pacientes de riesgo se basa principalmente en el cuadro clínico, lo que permite iniciar un tratamiento empírico antes de contar con los resultados de los cultivos. La evolución y pronóstico dependen de la precocidad con que se inicia la terapia y de la edad gestacional. En Clínica Alemana de Santiago detectamos un aumento de 15 veces en la tasa de listeriosis comparando el año 2007 con el 2008. Entre enero y julio 2008, se diagnosticaron 10 casos, de los cuales siete fueron en primigestas, lo que podría tener relación con un hábito alimentario y características de vida similar. Es fundamental, a la vista de esta nueva realidad epidemiológica, educar a la población en hábitos alimentarios y de higiene, como también realizar un estudio epidemiológico que determine la situación nacional de infección por L. monocytogenes.

Este trabalho objetivou verificar os efeitos agudos da aplicação endovenosa do extrato aquoso do Agaricus blazei Murill sobre a pressão arterial média (PAM) e a freqüência cardíaca (FC) de ratos anestesiados. Foram usados Rattus novergicus albinus, n = 6, anestesiados com tiopental sódico, traqueostomizados e canulados através da veia jugular e da artéria carótida. Foram injetadas as concentrações de 1,25 mg/kg, 2,50 mg/kg e 5,00 mg/kg do extrato aquoso em volume de 0,2 mL. A PAM foi registrada com um sistema Biopac, modelo MP100, e a FC com um eletrocardiógrafo ECG-4 Funbec. Os resultados foram obtidos no controle e nos tempos 15, 30, 45, 60 e 120s após a aplicação dos extratos. Os valores foram expressos em média ± EPM e analisados estatisticamente pelos testes "t" de Student-Newman-Keuls e Tukey (p<0,05). O extrato aquoso de A. blazei reduziu a PAM de maneira concentração dependente, sendo que a concentração de 1,25 mg/kg não provocou modificações significativas na PAM nem na FC; a de 2,50 mg/kg provocou diminuição da PAM aos 15s (p<0,01) e da FC aos 30s (p<0,001) e a de 5,00 mg/kg diminuiu a PAM aos 15s (p<0,001) e a FC aos 15 e 30s (p<0,001).

The aim of this paper was to verify the acute effects of the endovenous application of the aqueous extract of Agaricus blazei Murill on mean arterial pressure and heart rate of the anesthetized rats. The injected concentrations were: 1.25 mg/kg, 2.50 mg/kg and 5.00 mg/kg, in volume of 0.2 mL. The rats were anesthetized with sodium thiopental and, after tracheotomy, both jugular vein and carotid artery were cannulated. The MAP was recorded with a Biopac System, model MP100. The HR was obtained with an electrocardiograph model ECG-4 (Funbec). The records were made in the control and 15, 30, 45, 60 and 120s after the application of the different concentrations of the extracts. The values were expressed by mean ± SEM and by paired "t"-Student-Newman-Keuls and Tukey tests (p<0.05). The aqueous extract of the A. blazei decreased the MAP of dependent manner. The concentration of 1.25 mg/kg did not provoke effects; 2.50 mg/kg provoked decrease of the PAM at 15s (p<0.01) and of the HR at 30s (p<0.001) and 5.00 mg/kg provoked decrease of the PAM at 15s (p<0.001) and of the HR at 15 and 30s (p<0.001).

In recent years the main focus of cardiovascular prevention has been to identify people without clinical evidence of coronary disease, but with a high risk of developing a clinical event. Long term follow up studies show that a young person with a high "Relative Risk" of presenting a cardiovascular event becomes an adult with a high "Absolute Risk" of suffering it. The aim of primary prevention is to avoid the appearance of cardiovascular diseases, delaying the development of atherosclerosis and its consequences. In this scenario, the first step is to increase awareness among healthy people of their own cardiovascular risk, enhancing their knowledge of their risk parameter values and generating a correct perception of the risk burden that those values mean. Literature review reveals that significant percentages of healthy individuals are unaware of their own values of blood pressure, total cholesterol and blood glucose. Furthermore, people aware of having abnormal parameters have low treatment compliance rates or evidence inconsistency between knowledge and behavior. This paper reviews educational strategies and other factors that influence this knowledge-behavior gap, such as the stages of behavior changes of the Prochaska and Diclemente Model. Evidence has shown that knowledge about cardiovascular risk factors is not enough to influence behavior and that the degree of preparation of people towards behavior changes is a strong predictor of the success of educational and counseling interventions. Local Chilean data from the RICAR project also shows that the profile of behavior change is different for each modifiable cardiovascular risk factor

In this article, we make use of a stabilized Finite Element method to solve the complete set of Navier-Stokes equations. The methodology adopted is such that it allows for the use of different sets of variables, particularly the so called conservative and pressure variables. A space-time formulation using a simple augmented SUPG stabilizing term is proposed for the particular case of pressure variables. Comparison with data published in the available literature is done and a reasonably good agreement is obtained.

International studies show a low compliance with norms for the management of cardiovascular risk factors. Aim: To assess the prevalence of risk factors in patients admitted for a coronary or vascular event and to evaluate the proportion of patients that normalize these factors after one year of follow up. Material and Methods: Three hundred and fifty seven patients aged 64±13 years (264 males), admitted to a University Clinical Hospital for a coronary or vascular event were studied. They were educated about cardiovascular risk factors and followed by their treating physicians for a mean of 11.9±2 months. During this period, smoking habits, body mass index. blood pressure, serum lipid levels, blood glucose and the appearance of new cardiovascular events were registered. Results: One year survival was 96% (all 13 deaths were of cardiac origin). Eighty seven percent of patients were free of major cardiovascular events. At discharge from hospital and at the end of follow up 49% and 44% had a total cholesterol over 200 mg/dl respectively, 9,6% and 20,8% had systolic pressure over 140 mmHg. There was no diastolic hypertension in these patients, 27% and 31% had a body mass index over 25 kg/m² and 2% smoked (versus 32% before the event). Conclusions: After one year of follow up, the prevalence of risk factors in patients that had suffered a cardiovascular event, continues to be high (Rev Méd Chile 2005; 133: 1147-52)

Para a obtenção de esmaltes com características adequadas a sua aplicação, é necessário definir, além da composição da frita base, a formulação da suspensão de esmalte e as condições de aplicação e queima. A influência de fatores como os aditivos utilizados e a temperatura de queima sobre as características do esmalte são muitas vezes desconhecidos. Este trabalho apresenta o método utilizado na condução dos testes de aplicação de esmaltes e os resultados obtidos para as características das superfícies esmaltadas. Foi analisada a influência de parâmetros da formulação do esmalte e temperatura de queima sobre as características de porosidade e dureza da superfície obtida. A utilização de um arranjo ortogonal de Taguchi auxiliou na escolha dos fatores e parâmetros dos testes de aplicação, definiu a seqüência de experimentos realizados e as propriedades medidas. As características avaliadas foram: a porosidade, a dureza ao risco, a dureza Mohs, a dureza Vickers e as características visuais. Após a realização dos experimentos foi possível identificar a formulação e os parâmetros que conferiram os melhores resultados quanto à aplicação pretendida para o esmalte.

Ceramic glaze with suitable characteristics can be obtained through selection of frit composition, glaze formulation and suitable application and firing parameters. However, most of time, the influence of factors like additives and firing temperature over glaze properties are unknown. This work presents the experimental design used for glaze application tests and resulting glazed surface characteristics. The influence of glaze formulation and firing temperature parameters over porosity and surface hardness was analyzed. A Taguchi orthogonal array provided support on conducting application tests and on analysis of glaze properties. The properties that were analyzed were: porosity, scratch hardness, Mohs hardness, Vickers hardness and visual characteristics. After this analysis the most suitable parameters for glaze obtaining were selected.

Background: Atrial fibrillation is associated to a high risk of systemic embolism and to hypercoagulability. Aim: To evaluate the activation of the coagulation cascade through determinations of the thrombin-antithrombin complex in patients with atrial fibrillation and to correlate this data with the clinical and echocardiographic risk factors for systemic embolism. Patients and Methods: In 53 patients with atrial fibrillation plasma levels of the thrombin-antithrombin complex were determined on admission to a coronary care unit and 30 days later. Using a univariate and multiple regression analysis, the association basal thrombin-antithrombin with the duration of the arrhythmia, age over 70 years, previous use of antiplatelet agents, history of hypertension, mitral valve disease, diabetes, heart failure, previous systemic embolism, left atrial diameter and the presence of spontaneous contrast echo or thrombus in the left atrial appendage, was studied. Results: Basal thrombin-antithrombin values were 40.1±69 mg/L (Median 8.34 [3.0-47.5]) compared to 2.7±3.3 mg/L in healthy controls (p <0.001). No significant correlation was found between activation of the coagulation cascade and risk factors for systemic embolism. There were no significant differences in thrombin-antithrombin values between patients with chronic or paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (29.5±43 mg/L and 49.4±83 mg/L respectively). Mean thrombin-antithrombin values in patients under antiplatelet agents were lower than in those without treatment (17.3±43 vs 66.8±127 mg/L; p=0.018). Conclusions: The activation of the coagulation cascade in patients with atrial fibrillation was confirmed. However, no association of this activation with well known clinical and echocardiographic risk factors for systemic embolism, was found. Previous antiplatelet treatment prevented a higher activation of the coagulation cascade (Rev Méd Chile 2002; 130: 1087-94)