ABSTRACT Luis Tavares revolutionized cardiac surgery, always bringing the most modern instruments and equipment from his travels to England - surgical forceps, scissors, scalpels, etc. He always insisted that he was not just a thoracic surgeon, for his work extended over a wide field and created three important cardiac surgery centers which promoted a great development of cardiology. He carried out the first open heart surgery (atrial septal defect) employing extracorporeal circulation and closure of a ventricular septal defect with deep surface hypothermia of north and northeast Brazil. He promoted an intense scientific exchange program between Recife and England, resulting in significant advances in medicine, and participated directly in the creation of HEMOPE), leading to radical changes and improvements in blood therapy in the whole country. The PROCAPE, inaugurated in 2006, was the result of the cardiac center created by him in early 1970 at Hospital Oswaldo Cruz and can be considered the second largest public-university cardiology center in Brazil. He is thus widely regarded as an outstanding name in medicine in the 20th century and one of the fathers of modern cardiac surgery in Brazil.

In this study, xiquexique (Pilosocereus gounellei) native endemic cactus from the Brazilian semiarid was used for the first time as a natural carbon source (“green precursor”) for the synthesis of highly fluorescent carbon dots (CDs). These CDs were successfully used to develop a fast, low-cost, eco-friendly fluorescence method for the determination of tannins in teas. This method was automatized employing a flow-batch system coupled to an inexpensive ultraviolet light-emitting diode (UV-LED) used as an excitation source and a cheap handheld spectrometer used as a detector. CDs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-Vis, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The proposed method presented a linear range from 2.0-30.0 mg L-1, relative standard deviation (RSD) < 3.0%, limit of detection (LOD) = 0.102 mg L-1, and recovery rates from 90.5-109.1%. A paired t-test at a 95% confidence level indicated no statistically significant difference between the proposed and reference methods, revealing that it is a useful alternative for the determination of tannins.

ABSTRACT Purpose: to investigate genetic recurrence and molecular markers for dyslexia in two candidate genes in the Brazilian population. Methods: a cross-sectional, case-control, observational study, with five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) studied in DYX1C1 and KIAA0319 genes in 86 subjects with dyslexia and 66 controls, matched for gender and age. SNPs were genotyped using the polymerase chain reaction technique in real time, and distribution of genotypic and allelic frequencies between the groups was analyzed. Results: it was determined that 68% of the subjects with dyslexia present a family history of learning difficulties. The DYX1C1 gene did not demonstrate an association with dyslexia, which was found regarding the rs9461045 marker of the KIAA0319 gene. Conclusion: a family history of learning problems was present in more than two-thirds of the group with dyslexia, indicating that this is an important risk factor. An association with dyslexia in the rs9461045 marker was noted, making the study the first one to show an association of the KIAA0319 gene with dyslexia, in Latin America.

ABSTRACT Joaquim de Souza Cavalcanti was a pioneer among us - the Brazilian State of Pernambuco and North-Northeast region - in cardiac surgery in its initial phase (Blalock-Taussig surgery and mitral valvulotomy), in thoracic surgery (pneumectomy, lung lobectomy and segmentectomy, lung decortication, and mediastinal tumor resection), and in numerous techniques and operative tactics in general surgery.

ABSTRACT Objectives: Evaluate bone healing time, consolidation, and the complication rate between the minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis and open reduction with plate osteosynthesis in humeral diaphyseal fractures with an intact wedge (AO 12B2). Methods: A retrospective study was carried out between 2016 and 2020. The medical records and radiographs of 18 patients were analyzed, and data were collected regarding the time of consolidation, age, sex, plate size, number of screws, complications such as iatrogenic injury damage to the radial nerve, material failure, and postoperative infection. Results: No statistically significant differences were observed in the variables of age, sex, plate size, and number of screws used or in the RUSHU index (Radiographic Union Score for Humeral fractures). There were no postoperative infections, material failure, or need for reoperation, nor cases of secondary radial nerve injury. After one year, all patients had a consolidation index analyzed by RUSHU >11. Conclusion: both techniques showed similar results, with a high consolidation rate and low rates of complications or iatrogenic damage to the radial nerve. Evidence level III; Retrospective comparative study .

RESUMO Objetivos: Comparar o tempo de consolidação e o índice de complicações entre os métodos de osteossíntese com placa minimamente invasiva e estabilidade absoluta através da placa nas fraturas diafisárias do úmero com cunha intacta (AO 12B2). Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo entre os anos de 2016 e 2020. Foram analisados os prontuários e radiografias de 18 pacientes e coletados dados referentes a: tempo de consolidação, idade, sexo, tamanho da placa, número de parafusos, presença de complicações como lesão iatrogênica do nervo radial, falha do material e infecção pós operatória. Resultados: Não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas nas variáveis de idade, sexo, tamanho da placa e número de parafusos utilizados, ou no índice de RUSHU (Radiographic Union Score for Humeral fractures). Não houve casos de infecção pós-operatória, falha do material ou necessidade de reoperação, nem casos de lesão secundária do nervo radial. Após 1 ano todos os pacientes tiveram índice de consolidação analisado pelo RUSHU >11. Conclusão: Ambas as técnicas se mostraram com resultados similares, com alta taxa de consolidação e baixas taxas de complicações ou lesão iatrogênica do nervo radial. Nível de evidência III; Estudo retrospectivo comparativo .

ABSTRACT Previous studies have shown an association between lower limb muscle strength and functional performance, but a dose-response relationship between the strength of each lower limb muscle group and performance in daily life activities in older adults has not been well established. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the association between isokinetic muscle strength of all eight major lower limb muscle groups and functional performance in community-dwelling older adults. The muscle strength of the plantar flexors and dorsiflexors of the ankle, flexors and extensors of the knee, and flexors, extensors, adductors, and abductors of the hip were evaluated using a Biodex System 4 Pro® isokinetic dynamometer. Functional performance was evaluated in 109 participants using the five-times sit-to-stand test (STS) and 4-meter usual walking speed (UWS). The multiple linear regression analyses showed that the hip abductors strength predicted 31.3% of the variability for UWS (p=0.011), and the knee extensors strength (p=0.015) predicted 31.6% of the variability for the STS. We conclude that hip abductors and knee extensors could be the key muscle groups involved in sit to stand and walking speed performance in older adults.

RESUMEN Estudios previos ya demostraron la asociación entre la fuerza muscular de los miembros inferiores y el rendimiento funcional, sin embargo, no está bien establecida la contribución de los principales músculos de los miembros inferiores sobre el rendimiento de las personas mayores en las actividades diarias. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la asociación entre la fuerza muscular isocinética de los ocho principales grupos musculares de los miembros inferiores y el rendimiento funcional en personas mayores que viven en la comunidad. La fuerza muscular de los plantiflexores y dorsiflexores del tobillo, los flexores y extensores de la rodilla y los flexores, extensores, aductores y abductores de la cadera se evaluaron por medio del dinamómetro isocinético Biodex System 4 Pro®. El rendimiento funcional de 109 participantes se evaluó mediante el test de sentarse y pararse cinco veces (STS) y la velocidad de marcha habitual de 4 metros. Los análisis de regresión lineal múltiple mostraron que la fuerza de los abductores de la cadera predijo el 31,3% de la variabilidad para la velocidad de marcha habitual (p=0,011); y la fuerza de los extensores de la rodilla (p=0,015), el 31,6% de variabilidad para STS. Se concluyó que los abductores de la cadera y los extensores de la rodilla pueden ser los principales grupos musculares involucrados en el rendimiento de los adultos mayores para sentarse, pararse y caminar.

RESUMO Estudos anteriores já demonstraram a associação entre força muscular de membros inferiores e desempenho funcional, mas a contribuição dos principais músculos dos membros inferiores para o desempenho de pessoas idosas nas atividades cotidianas não foi bem estabelecida. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a associação entre a força muscular isocinética dos oito principais grupos musculares dos membros inferiores e o desempenho funcional em pessoas idosas da comunidade. A força muscular dos plantiflexores e dorsiflexores do tornozelo, flexores e extensores do joelho e flexores, extensores, adutores e abdutores do quadril foi avaliada utilizando um dinamômetro isocinético Biodex System 4 Pro®. O desempenho funcional de 109 participantes foi avaliado usando o teste de sentar e levantar cinco vezes (TSL) e de velocidade de marcha habitual de 4 metros (VMH). As análises de regressão linear múltipla mostraram que a força dos abdutores do quadril previu 31,3% da variabilidade para a VMH (p=0,011), e a força dos extensores do joelho (p=0,015) 31,6% da variabilidade para o TSL. Concluímos que os abdutores do quadril e os extensores do joelho podem ser os principais grupos musculares envolvidos no desempenho de pessoas idosas para sentar-levantar e caminhar.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Investigar evidências de validade da Escala de Vulnerabilidade Familiar (EVFAM-BR) como instrumento de apoio à gestão de base populacional na atenção primária à saúde (APS), no escopo da Planificação da Atenção à Saúde (PAS). MÉTODOS Estudo de natureza psicométrica de evidências adicionais da estrutura interna da EVFAM-BR, por meio da análise fatorial confirmatória (AFC) e análise de redes (network analysis, NA). Versão preliminar da escala com 38 itens foi submetida a usuários de unidades de APS, que executam a metodologia da PAS, distribuídas nas cinco regiões brasileiras. Para os dados primários da AFC, utilizou-se as cargas fatoriais e o poder preditivo do item (R2). Foram adotados sete índices de ajustamento do modelo e a confiabilidade foi aferida por três indicadores, por meio de estimação bayesiana. RESULTADOS A versão preliminar da escala foi aplicada a 1.255 usuários. Pela AFC, as cargas fatoriais variaram de 0,66 a 0,90 e R2 de 0,44 a 0,81. Tanto os indicadores primários como os índices de adequação do modelo estabeleceram-se em níveis satisfatórios e consistentes. A NA apontou que os itens se associaram de forma adequada com seus pares, respeitando as dimensões estabelecidas, o que indica, novamente, a sustentabilidade e estabilidade do modelo proposto. CONCLUSÕES As evidências de validade apresentadas pela EVFAM-BR enunciam, de forma inédita no Brasil, um instrumento conciso, capaz de mensurar assertivamente a vulnerabilidade familiar, potencialmente apoiando a gestão de base populacional.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE Investigate evidence of validity of the Family Vulnerability Scale (EVFAM-BR) as an instrument to support population-based management in primary health care (PHC), in the scope of Health Care Planning (PAS). METHODS This is a psychometric study to assess any additional evidence of the internal structure of EVFAM-BR using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and network analysis (NA). A preliminary version of the scale with 38 items was submitted to patients of PHC facilities that use the PAS methodology, distributed across the five regions of Brazil. For the primary CFA data, factor loadings and predictive power (R2) of the item were used. Seven model adjustment indices were adopted and reliability was measured by three indicators, using Bayesian estimation. RESULTS The preliminary version of the scale was applied to 1,255 patients. Using the AFC, factor loadings ranged from 0.66 to 0.90 and R2 from 0.44 to 0.81. Both the primary indicators and the model adequacy indices presented satisfactory and consistent levels. According to the NA, the items were appropriately associated with their peers, respecting the established dimensions, thus demonstrating sustainability and stability of the proposed model. CONCLUSIONS The evidence of validity presented by EVFAM-BR indicates, for the first time in Brazil, a concise instrument that is able to assertively measure family vulnerability, potentially supporting population-based management.

Abstract Dental caries is an important Public Health issue. However, the treatment of this disease in tertiary dental care requires further investigation. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate caries-related hospital morbidity in the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) from 2008 to 2022. An ecological study was conducted with secondary data on caries-related Hospital Admission Authorizations (AIH) and in-hospital dental procedures (IDP). Data were collected nationwide and statistical analysis was performed with a significance level (p) of 5%. In the last 15 years, 3,474 caries-related AIH and 63,657 IDP were approved within SUS. There was a significant upward trend in the number of caries-related AIH (p = 0.018) and a stationary trend in the number of caries-related IDP (p = 0.841). Moreover, from 2008 to 2022, R$ 1,160,843.09 was allocated for caries-related AIH. Hospital mortality was 0.29% (10 deaths), and 75.1% were elective inpatient admissions. Among SUS users, adults constituted the majority (49%), with a higher frequency of males (59.8%) and whites (46.2%). The most frequent type of caries-related IDP was restoration of permanent teeth (55.3%). Nonetheless, during the COVID-19 pandemic years, significant reductions in caries-related AIH and IDP within the SUS were observed (all p <0.05). Thus, within the SUS, caries-related tertiary dental care has shown a specific pattern over the last 15 years, including an increase in hospitalizations and a high number of in-hospital dental procedures, especially before the COVID-19 pandemic onset.

Abstract The objective of this study was to compare the activation of gelatinases in dentin-enamel junction (DEJ) and underlying dentin of permanent teeth after experimental radiotherapy in conventional and hypofractionated modalities. Newly extracted third molars (n = 15) were divided into three experimental radiotherapy groups: control, conventional (CR), and hypofractionated (HR) (n = 5 per group). After in vitro exposure to ionizing radiation, following standardized protocols for each modality, a gelatinous substrate was incubated on the tooth slices (n = 10 per group). Activation of gelatinases was measured by in situ zymography, expressed in arbitrary fluorescence units (mm2) from three tooth regions: cervical, cuspal, and pit. Fluorescence intensity was compared among radiotherapy protocols and tooth regions in each protocol, considering a significance level of 5%. Considering all tooth regions, the fluorescence intensity of the CR group was higher than the HR and control groups, both in DEJ and underlying dentin (p <0.001). In addition, the fluorescence intensity was higher in underlying dentin when compared to DEJ in all groups (p <0.001). Considering each tooth region, a statistically significant difference between CR and HR was only observed in the pit region of underlying dentin (p <0.001). Significant and positive correlations between fluorescence intensities in DEJ and underlying dentin were also observed (p <0.001). Experimental radiotherapy influenced the activation of gelatinases, as well as exposure to the conventional protocol can trigger a higher activation of gelatinases when compared to hypofractionated, both in DEJ and underlying dentin.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a ativação de gelatinases na junção dentina-esmalte (DEJ) e na dentina subjacente de dentes permanentes após a radioterapia experimental nas modalidades convencional e hipofracionada. Os terceiros molares recém-extraídos (n = 15) foram divididos em três grupos de radioterapia experimental: controle, convencional (CR) e hipofracionada (HR) (n = 5 por grupo). Após a exposição in vitro à radiação ionizante, seguindo protocolos padronizados para cada modalidade, um substrato gelatinoso foi incubado nas fatias de dente (n = 10 por grupo). A ativação das gelatinases foi medida por zimografia in situ, expressa em unidades arbitrárias de fluorescência (mm2) de três regiões do dente: cervical, cúspide e fossa. A intensidade da fluorescência foi comparada entre os protocolos de radioterapia e as regiões do dente em cada protocolo, considerando um nível de significância de 5%. Considerando todas as regiões do dente, a intensidade de fluorescência do grupo CR foi maior do que a dos grupos HR e controle, tanto no DEJ quanto na dentina subjacente (p <0,001). Além disso, a intensidade da fluorescência foi maior na dentina subjacente quando comparada à DEJ em todos os grupos (p <0,001). Considerando cada região do dente, uma diferença estatisticamente significativa entre CR e HR foi observada apenas na região da fossa da dentina subjacente (p <0,001). Também foram observadas correlações significativas e positivas entre as intensidades de fluorescência no DEJ e na dentina subjacente (p <0,001). A radioterapia experimental influenciou a ativação das gelatinases, assim como a exposição ao protocolo convencional pode desencadear uma maior ativação das gelatinases quando comparada ao hipofracionamento, tanto no DEJ quanto na dentina subjacente.

A evasão é um dos problemas mais recorrentes do ensino superior, seja este público ou privado. Diante disso, o presente artigo realiza tanto uma revisão sistematizada da literatura sobre evasão quanto um estudo de caso sobre a situação acadêmica e o significado das experiências de evasão na perspectiva de estudantes na Universidade de São Paulo no período 2010-2020. Verificou-se que os cursos de graduação nas áreas de ciências exatas apresentaram as maiores taxas de evasão no período contemplado. As medidas de intervenção destacadas no presente artigo norteiam a elaboração de futuras propostas e diagnósticos para combater à evasão.

Evasion is one of the most recurrent problems in higher education, be it public or private. In light of this, this article performs both a systematic review of the literature on dropout and a case study on the academic situation and the meaning of dropout experiences from the perspective of students at the University of São Paulo in the period 2010-2020. It was found that undergraduate courses in the areas of exact sciences had the highest dropout rates in the contemplated period. The intervention measures highlighted in this article guide the preparation of future proposals and diagnoses to combat evasion.

Abstract Phenological information contribute to silvicultural actions and conservation strategies. Here, we carried out the phenological monitoring of six tree species that were prominent in the structure of an open ombrophilous forest fragment in northeastern Brazil. Over two years, among September 2015 and August 2017, eight individuals of each species (48 trees in total) were visited every two weeks to record the reproductive and leaf phenophases, following the Fournier intensity scale. We calculated the intraspecific synchrony of the phenophases and the correlation of the phenophases of each species with meteorological variables (temperature, air precipitation and photoperiod). The species showed synchronous characteristics for the phenophases. Precipitation stood out in terms of a higher frequency of significant relationships with the reproductive phenophases. The results indicates that the end of the dry season is the most favorable period for seed collection and the monitoring of dispersers in this type of tropical forest.