Abstract Paper Aims This work aims to identify the socio-environmental attributes related to the label ‘Brazilian Organic Product – BOP- perceived by consumers of organic foods. Originality This paper is pioneering in the understanding of the attributes of BOP label in Brazil by consumers. Also, is unique in exploring the dimensions “organic’, “environmental” and “social” based on Brazilian law regarding organic food and the Guidelines of the Certifiers of Organic Products in Brazil. Research method A survey was conducted with 106 consumers of organic foods and an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was carried out. Main findings Results showed that eight dimensions of attributes (Labor Laws and Social Incentive; Social and Environmental Practices; Environmental Management; Social and Environmental Protection; Environmental Preservation; Natural Products; Animal and Social Welfare; Non-renewable resources) influence consumer’s perception about the BOP label. Implications for theory and practice For theory this study shows how consumers perceive socio environmental attributes through labels and how this perception can motivate the purchase. For practice, intended to provide insights for marketing managers to better improve information on the labels Also, provide information to public policy managers to improve policies that can reach out more consumers.

The molecular mechanism of cytoprotective effect on human erythrocytes of aminophenol and salicylates associated derivatives was related to their antioxidant capacity. The oxidative hemolysis induced by water-soluble free-radical initiator 2,2’-azobis-(2-amidine-propane)-dihydrochloride (AAPH) was inhibited by drug candidates named benzaminophen (BZL), salicytamide or 5-acetamide-salicylic acid (ASL), and salibenzamide or 5-benzamide-salicylic acid (BSL) when compared to their parents salicylic acid (SAC) and acetaminophen (ACP). Trolox (TLX) was the most powerful compound and used as positive control. BZL showed a potent effect followed by ACP > BSL > ASL. SAC did not show protective effect in any evaluated concentrations. These results are in accordance with the molecular mechanism by using theoretical calculation of single electron transfers (SET), hydrogen atom transfers (HAT), and sequential proton loss electron transfer (SPLET) by means of DFT/B3LYP/6-31++G(d,p) level of theory. [1,5] Hydrogen shift between carboxyl and phenol moieties and electronic properties related to pKa and other physical-chemical properties can be involved. The molecular association approach provides protective compounds more effective than SAC.

RESUMO Introdução: O decanoato de nandrolona é um análogo sintético da testosterona, considerado um dos esteroides anabólicos androgênicos (EAA) mais utilizados entre adolescentes e atletas. Sua ingestão crônica aumenta a incidência de anormalidades cardiovasculares em atletas, porém o mecanismo que causa essas alterações ainda permanece desconhecido. Objetivos: O estudo teve como objetivo verificar os possíveis efeitos do uso de esteroides anabólicos androgênicos (EAA) na morfologia e no metabolismo oxidativo do coração de ratos treinados e sedentários. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo prospectivo comparativo nível II. Vinte e quatro ratos Wistar foram distribuídos em grupos que realizaram exercícios de corrida voluntária (GT) e sedentários (GS) e faziam uso dos EAA, Grupo Treinado com Anabolizante (GTA) e Grupo Sedentário com Anabolizante (GSA). Durante os três meses do protocolo de corrida, os animais receberam injeção intramuscular de 5 mg/kg p.c. de EAA. Após o período de treinamento, houve a eutanásia e remoção do coração dos ratos para avaliação da peroxidação lipídica e capacidade antioxidante, além da análise morfométrica. Resultados: Verificaram-se que os grupos anabolizantes, GSA (0,3072 ± 0,0531) e GTA (0,2732 ± 0,0413), apresentaram maior peroxidação lipídica quando comparados aos grupos não anabolizantes GS (0,1705 ± 0,0224) e GT (0,1785 ± 0,0340). Conclusões: Não houve alteração na capacidade antioxidante total, assim como não houve alteração na espessura do septo interventricular e da parede ventricular esquerda. Portanto, o uso de esteroides anabólicos androgênicos não provocou alterações morfológicas no miocárdio, contudo alterou o metabolismo oxidativo. Verificou-se também que a prática de exercício aeróbico não teve efeito protetor contra a peroxidação lipídica no miocárdio provocada pelo uso dos EAA. Nível de evidência II; Estudo prospectivo comparativo.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Nandrolone decanoate is a synthetic testosterone analogue considered one of the most widely used anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) among adolescents and athletes. Chronic ingestion of AAS increases the incidence of cardiovascular abnormalities in athletes, but the mechanism that causes these changes remains unknown. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to verify the possible effects of the use of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) on the morphology and oxidative metabolism of the heart in exercised and sedentary rats. Methods: This is a comparative prospective level II study. Twenty-four Wistar rats were distributed in groups that performed voluntary (TG) and sedentary (SG) running exercises, and used AAS: the Anabolic Training Group (ATG), and the Anabolic Sedentary Group (ASG). During the three months of the running protocol, the animals received an intramuscular injection of 5 mg/kg b.p. of AAS. After the training period, the rats were euthanized and the hearts were removed for evaluation of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant capacity, and for morphometric analysis. Results: The anabolic groups, ASG (0.3072 ± 0.0531) and ATG (0.2732 ± 0.0413), presented higher lipid peroxidation when compared to the non-anabolic groups SG (0.1705 ± 0.0224) and TG (0.1785 ± 0.0340). Conclusion: There was no change in total antioxidant capacity or in the thickness of the interventricular septum and left ventricular wall. Thus, the use of anabolic androgenic steroids did not cause morphological changes in the myocardium. However it did alter the oxidative metabolism. It was also verified that aerobic exercise had no protective effect against lipid peroxidation in the myocardium caused by the use of AAS. Level of evidence II; Prospective comparative study.

RESUMEN Introducción: El decanoato de nandrolona es un análogo sintético de la testosterona considerado uno de los esteroides anabólicos androgénicos (EAA) más utilizados entre los adolescentes y atletas. Su ingestión crónica aumenta la incidencia de anomalías cardiovasculares en atletas, aunque el mecanismo que causa esas alteraciones sigue siendo desconocido. Objetivos: El estudio tuvo como objetivo verificar los posibles efectos del uso de esteroides anabólicos androgénicos (EAA) en la morfología y en el metabolismo oxidativo del corazón de ratones entrenados y sedentarios. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio prospectivo comparativo nivel II. Fueron distribuidos 24 ratones Wistar en grupos que realizaron ejercicios de carrera voluntaria (GE) y sedentarios (GS), y hacían uso de los EAA, Grupo Entrenado con Anabolizante (GEA) y Grupo Sedentario con Anabolizante (GSA). Durante los tres meses del protocolo de carrera, los animales recibieron inyección intramuscular de 5 mg/kg p.c. de EAA. Después del período de entrenamiento, hubo la eutanasia y remoción del corazón de los ratones, para evaluación de la peroxidación lipídica y capacidad antioxidante, además del análisis morfométrico. Resultados: Se verificó que los grupos anabolizantes, GSA (0,3072 ± 0,0531) y GEA (0,2732 ± 0,0413), presentaron mayor peroxidación lipídica cuando comparados a los grupos no anabolizantes GS (0,1705 ± 0,0224) y GE (0,1785 ± 0,0340). Conclusiones: No hubo alteración en la capacidad antioxidante total, así como no hubo alteración en el espesor del septo interventricular y de la pared ventricular izquierda. Por lo tanto, el uso de esteroides anabólicos androgénicos no provocó alteraciones morfológicas en el miocardio, aunque alteró el metabolismo oxidativo. Se verificó también que la práctica de ejercicio aeróbico no tuvo efecto protector contra la peroxidación lipídica en el miocardio provocada por el uso de EAA. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudio prospectivo comparativo.

Resumo Objetos únicos na arqueologia amazônica, os discos perfurados da região do atual município de Santarém, Pará, foram confeccionados em matérias-primas variadas, porém os mais elaborados foram produzidos a partir de óxidos de ferro de granulação muito fina e homogênea. Tidos a priori como rodas de fusos, estes artefatos são comumente encontrados fragmentados nos sítios arqueológicos do período Tapajônico, iniciado por volta do século X até o presente. Decorados com traços muito finos, apresentam motivos gráficos não registrados nas cerâmicas tapajônicas. Debruçamo-nos sobre contextos arqueológicos de sítios estudados no município de Santarém, a partir do estudo de uma rica coleção de artefatos depositada na reserva técnica do Laboratório de Arqueologia da UFOPA (Coleção Juma Janaína), além de peças provenientes de outras coleções e publicações. Tendo como base a noção de cadeia operatória, a análise foca nos discos, nos processos envolvidos na aquisição da matéria-prima, na confecção, no uso, no descarte e na reciclagem desse material. Ao final, será demonstrado que ir além de estudos tipológicos permite avançar em dados tecnológicos, discutir questões contextuais, propor alternativas e revisões para interpretações embasadas em ideias pré-concebidas sobre o conhecimento tecnológico dos povos amazônicos do passado.

Abstract The perforated discs from the municipality of Santarém-PA are unique objects within Amazonian material culture repertoire. They were sculpted on a variety of raw materials, however, the most elaborate were produced with fine grained, homogeneous iron oxides. Previously identified as spindle whorls, these often-fragmented artifacts are found in archaeological sites from the Tapajonic Period, from approximately from the 10th century until the present. Decorated with very fine lines, these discs display graphic motifs that are absent on Tapajonic ceramics. This article addresses the context of archaeological sites in Santarém through a study of such artifacts from a collection housed in the reserve of the UFOPA Archaeology Laboratory (the Juma Janaína collection), in addition to artifacts from other collections and publications. The discs were analyzed following the concept of the chaîne opératoire, considering the processes involved in raw material acquisition, sculpting techniques, uses, disposals and recycling of these items. By advancing beyond typological studies, this investigation demonstrates that substantial progress in the analyses of technologies and in the discussion of contexts have led to alternative interpretations and revised previous ones shaped by preconceived assumptions about the technological knowledge of ancient Amazonian groups.

ABSTRACT Objectives To validate an experimental non-animal model for training of vasectomy reversal. Materials and Methods The model consisted of two artificial vas deferens, made with silicon tubes, covered by a white resin, measuring 10 cm (length) and internal and external diameters of 0.5 and 1.5 mm, respectively. The holder of the ducts is made by a small box developed with polylactic acid, using a 3D print. The objective of the invention is to simulate the surgical field of vasovasostomy, when the vas deferens are isolated from other cord structures. For validation, it was verified the acquisition of microsurgical skills during its use, in a capacitation course with 5 urology residents from a Hospital of the region. Along the training sessions, it was analyzed the time (speed) of microsurgical sutures, and quantification of the performance using a checklist. Collected data were analyzed using de BioEstat®5.4 software. Results Medium time for the completion of microsurgical sutures improved considerably during the course, and reached a plateau after the third day of training (p=0.0365). In relation to the checklist, it was verified that during capacitation, there was significant improvement of the scores of each participant, that reached a plateau after the fourth day of training with the model (p=0.0035). Conclusion The developed model was able to allow the students that attended the course to gain skills in microsurgery, being considered appropriate for training vasectomy reversal.

ABSTRACT: This case describes the treatment of Class II malocclusion in a patient missing one of the maxillary central incisors due to traumatic impaction. The treatment approach consisted in the extraction of the remaining maxillary central incisor, followed by diastema closure and re-anatomization of lateral incisors into central incisors. The results obtained were considered satisfactory concerning occlusal, aesthetic and functional aspects. This therapeutic approach may be used as an alternative for similar cases.

RESUMEN: Este caso clínico describe el tratamiento de la mala oclusión de Clase II en un paciente con ausencia de uno de los incisivos centrales superiores debido a impactación. El abordaje del tratamiento consistió en la extracción de este elemento dental y del otro incisivo central, seguido del cierre de los diastemas y reanatomización de los incisivos laterales en incisivos centrales. Los resultados obtenidos fueron considerados satisfactorios con relación a los aspectos oclusales, estéticos y funcionales. Así, esta planificación se puede utilizar como una nueva alternativa de abordaje terapéutico para estos casos.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Visceral Leishmaniasis is the most severe form of disease caused by the Leishmania donovani complex, with significant morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Worse outcomes occur among HIV-positive individuals coinfected with Leishmania. It is unclear, however, if there are significant differences on presentation between Visceral Leishmaniasis patients with or without HIV coinfection. Methods: We reviewed medical records from adult patients with Visceral Leishmaniasis treated at a reference healthcare center in Fortaleza – Ceará, Brazil, from July 2010 to December 2013. Data from HIV-coinfected patients have been abstracted and compared to non-HIV controls diagnosed with Visceral Leishmaniasis in the same period. Results: Eighty one HIV-infected patients and 365 controls were enrolled. The diagnosis in HIV patients took significantly longer, with higher recurrence and death rates. Kala-azar's classical triad (fever, constitutional symptoms and splenomegaly) was less frequently observed in Visceral Leishmaniasis-HIV patients, as well as jaundice and edema, while diarrhea was more frequent. Laboratory features included lower levels of hemoglobin, lymphocyte counts and liver enzymes, as well as higher counts of blood platelets and eosinophils. HIV-infected patients were diagnosed mainly through amastigote detection on bone marrow aspirates and treated more often with amphotericin B formulations, whereas in controls, rK39 was the main diagnostic tool and pentavalent antimony was primarily used for treatment. Conclusions: Clinical and laboratory presentation of Visceral Leishmaniasis in HIV-coinfected patients may differ from classic kala-azar, and these differences may be, in part, responsible for the delay in diagnosing and treating leishmaniasis, which might lead to worse outcomes.

RESUMO: A formulação de rações para gatos deve não só satisfazer as necessidades nutricionais desses animais, mas também levar em conta a atratividade do alimento. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar a palatabilidade de rações contendo pirofosfato de sódio e extrato de levedura, isoladamente ou combinados, e foram usados 20 gatos adultos em testes de preferência pelo confronto direto entre duas rações (two-bowl test). As rações experimentais foram obtidas pela aplicação externa de uma mesma dieta basal de pirofosfato de sódio (0,3%), extrato de levedura (0,2%) e uma mistura (0,5%) contendo pirofosfato de sódio e extrato de levedura. No presente estudo, os gatos mostraram preferência pela mistura (0,5%) contendo pirofosfato de sódio e extrato de levedura.

ABSTRACT: Cat food formulation should not only meet the animal's nutritional needs, but also take into account food attractiveness. Our aim was to assess the palatability of food coated with sodium pyrophosphate and yeast extract, alone or in combination, and 20 adult cats were used in a two-bowl preference test. The preference for the experimental foods was tested by external application of sodium pyrophosphate (0.3%), yeast extract (0.2%), and a blend (0.5%) containing pyrophosphate and yeast extract in a same basal diet. In the present study, the cats showed preference for the blend (0.5%) containing sodium pyrophosphate and yeast extract.

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate comparatively the quality of life of institutionalized and non-institutionalized older adults. Method: observational study conducted in Cuité, Paraíba, with a sample of 40 older adults divided equally between the two categories. Data were collected using the World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment for Older Adults (WHOQOL-Old) questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics, after approval by the Research Ethics Committee (CAAE 09871412.0.0000.5188). Results: the non-institutionalized older adults showed greater satisfaction in five areas: sensory functioning, autonomy, past, present and future activities, social participation, and intimacy; the only exception being in relation to death and dying. Conclusion: it is necessary to implement effective public policies in favor of better levels of quality of life for the elderly, especially those who are institutionalized, particularly in view of rapid growth in Brazil's elderly population, many of whom live in long-stay institutions.

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar comparativamente la calidad de vida de los ancianos institucionalizados y no institucionalizados. Método: estudio observacional realizado en Cuité-PB con muestra constituida por 40 ancianos, subdivididos igualmente para cada categoría. Los datos han sido recolectados utilizando el cuestionario World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment for Older Adults (WHOQOL-Old) y analizados mediante estadística descriptiva, luego de la aprobación por el Comité de Ética en Investigación, CAAE 09871412.0.0000.5188. Resultados: los ancianos no institucionalizados mostraron una mayor satisfacción en cinco áreas: funcionamiento sensorial, autonomía, actividades pasadas, presentes y futuras, participación social e intimidad, exceptuando el área relacionada a la muerte y el morir. Conclusión: es necesaria la implementación efectiva de políticas públicas que se dirijan a los ancianos, especialmente a los institucionalizados, favoreciendo mejores niveles de calidad de vida, principalmente cuando se considera el rápido crecimiento en el país de la población de ancianos, cuya mayor parte vive en instituciones de larga estadía.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar comparativamente a qualidade de vida de idosos institucionalizados e não institucionalizados. Método: estudo observacional realizado em Cuité-PB com amostra constituída por 40 idosos, subdivididos igualmente para cada categoria. Os dados foram coletados utilizando-se o questionário World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment for Older Adults (WHOQOL-Old) e analisados com base na estatística descritiva, após aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, CAAE 09871412.0.0000.5188. Resultados: os idosos não institucionalizados apresentaram maior satisfação em cinco domínios: funcionamento sensório; autonomia; atividades passadas, presentes e futuras; participação social; e intimidade, com exceção apenas do domínio relacionado à morte e morrer. Conclusão: é necessária a efetiva implementação de políticas públicas direcionadas aos idosos, sobretudo àqueles institucionalizados, favorecendo-lhes melhores níveis de qualidade de vida, principalmente ao considerar o rápido crescimento da população idosa no país, com grande parte vivendo em instituições de longa permanência.

RESUMO O trabalho em questão está relacionado ao projeto e construção de uma fonte de alta tensão em corrente contínua utilizando materiais e dispositivos adquiridos no comércio local visando sua aplicação no processo de pulverização catódica. Essa técnica permite a deposição de filmes finos de metais, óxidos e nitretos sobre substratos sólidos. Como teste de funcionamento e aplicação da fonte DC, com a mesma instalada em canhão de pulverização em alto vácuo, filmes finos de diferentes espessuras de cobre, aço inoxidável 304 e tungstênio foram depositados e estudados. Análise de espessura, morfologia, e resistência elétrica e resistividade foram conduzidas. Filmes com resistividade elétrica dependente das espessuras foram obtidos. A fonte DC se mostrou confiável em operação e permite a deposição de uma infinidade de materiais nas mais diferentes espessuras sobre vários tipos de substratos.

ABSTRACT This work is related to the project and construction of a DC high voltage power supply using materials and electronic devices acquired in local stores and to be used in sputtering proposes. The technique allows the obtainment of several kinds of thin films such as metals, oxides, nitrides and others upon solid substrates. In order to perform a test, the DC power supply was installed in a high vacuum system, connecting the power supply directly in a magnetron sputtering gun. Thin films of copper, stainless steel 304 and tungsten of several thickness were deposited upon commercial glass slides. The film thickness, surface morphology, electric resistance, sheet resistance and resistivity were herein analyzed. The power supply shows a good reliability in operation and allows the deposition of several materials in various thickness and substrates.

RESUMO: Para avaliar o efeito da suplementação com mananoligossacarídeo, avilamicina e halquinol, isoladamente ou combinados, sobre o desempenho, características de carcaça e produção de anticorpos em frangos de corte (1-49 dias de idade), pintos machos de corte (n=1440; linhagem Cobb 500; idade: um dia) foram alojados e distribuídos em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com seis tratamentos (oito repetições; 30 animais por unidade experimental). Para compor as rações experimentais, três tipos de aditivos melhoradores de desempenho foram usados. Halquinol (HAL), avilamicina (AVI) e mananoligossacarídeo (MOS) foram incluídos (isoladamente ou em associação) na ração basal (em substituição ao amido de milho). Foi observado efeito das rações sobre os resultados de desempenho dos animais no período 1-21 e 1-42 dias de idade. As aves alimentadas com ração sem melhorador de desempenho apresentaram menor ganho de peso em relação àquelas que consumiram rações com antimicrobianos, MOS ou uma combinação deles. No período 1-49 dias de idade, a conversão alimentar aumentou nas aves alimentadas sem melhorador de desempenho. No final do período experimental, não foi observado efeito das rações sobre o rendimento de carcaça e cortes e títulos de anticorpos específicos contra bronquite infecciosa aviária. A utilização de mananoligossacarídeo e/ou antimicrobianos (avilamicina e halquinol), isoladamente ou combinados, melhora a conversão alimentar de frangos de corte criados até 49 dias de idade.

ABSTRACT: To evaluate the effect of supplementation with mannan oligosaccharides, avilamycin and halquinol, alone or in combination, on the performance, carcass characteristics and antibody production in broilers (1-49 days old), male broiler chicks (n=1440; Cobb 500; one day old) were housed and distributed into a completely randomized design into six treatments (eight replicates; 30 animals per pen). To produce the experimental diets, three types of performance enhancer additives were used. Halquinol (HAL), avilamycin (AVI) and mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) were included (alone or in combination) in the basal diet (instead of corn starch). Effects of diet were observed on results of animal performance in the period 1-21 and 1-42 days old. Broilers fed with a diet without growth promoter showed lower weight gain in relation to those fed with diets with antimicrobials, MOS or a combination of them. In the period 1-49 days old, feed conversion increased in broilers fed with rations without promoter. At the end of the experimental period no influence of diets was observed on the carcass yield and cuts, and titles of specific antibodies to avian infectious bronchitis. The use of MOS and/or antimicrobials (AVI or HAL), alone or in combination, improves feed conversion of broilers reared until 49 days of age.

A dip coating system was projected and constructed to deposit a large range of thin films onto solid substrates. A microcontroller was used to control the deposition system. As an example of application multilayer graphene (MLG) films were deposited onto glass slices in order to obtain conductive films with relatively good light transmittance. The MLG flakes were obtained using natural graphite and isopropyl alcohol resulting in three dispersions treated in ultrasound for 30, 60 and 90 minutes, respectively. Using atomic force microscopy, UV-Vis spectrometry and an electrometer the film characterizations were performed. MLG flakes about 13 nm thick, 10 mµ2 of area were observed using AFM. In films obtained with 35 immersions the electrical resistance and the resistance sheet reached 1.8 kΩ and 1.9kΩ/square respectively. The light transmittance reached 10-20% while films obtained with dispersions treated for 60 and 90 minutes were electrically continuous. Thus, conductive films can be used in chemiresistor sensors, electrochemical and supercapacitors electrodes.

Este estudo foi realizado para avaliar níveis de lisina digestível para suínos dos 30 aos 60 kg mantidos sob estresse por calor. Utilizaram-se 70 suínos machos castrados mantidos em ambiente a 30ºC e outros 70 em ambiente a 34ºC, distribuídos em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos (0,83; 0,93; 1,03; 1,13 e 1,23% de lisina digestível), sete repetições e dois animais por unidade experimental. O ganho de peso diário dos animais mantidos a 30ºC aumentou até o nível de 1,04% de lisina digestível, mas a 34ºC não variou. O consumo de ração diário dos animais a 30 e a 34ºC não variou com os níveis de lisina. O consumo de lisina diário dos animais, em ambos os ambientes, aumentou de acordo com o nível de lisina da ração. A 30ºC, a conversão alimentar melhorou até o nível de 1,07% de lisina, enquanto a 34ºC não variou entre os níveis de lisina. Independentemente da temperatura, a eficiência de utilização de lisina reduziu conforme aumentaram os níveis de lisina e foi 4,4% pior no ambiente com temperatura mais elevada. A deposição de proteína na carcaça dos animais no ambiente a 30ºC aumentou até o nível de 1,05% de lisina, mas não variou no ambiente a 34ºC. A 30ºC, a deposição de gordura reduziu até o nível de 1,08% de lisina, enquanto a 34ºC, aumentou até o nível de 1,08% e foi, em média, 25,6% menor que a 30ºC. Os níveis de triiodotironina e tiroxina foram 35 e 30%, respectivamente, menores nos animais mantidos em ambiente a 34ºC, em que a frequência respiratória e temperatura retal também foram mais altas que as observadas nos animais mantidos a 30ºC. Os níveis de 1,04 e 0,83% de lisina digestível proporcionam maior ganho de peso e deposição de proteína em suínos mantidos, respectivamente, em ambientes a 30 e 34ºC.

This study was conducted to evaluate levels of digestible lysine for pigs at 30 to 60 kg kept under heat stress. It was used 70 castrated animals kept in environment at 30ºC and others 70 kept at 34ºC, distributed in a randomized block design, with five treatments (0.83, 0.93, 1.03, 1.13 and 1.23% digestible lysine), and seven repetitions with two animals per experimental unit. The daily weight gain of the animals kept at 30ºC increased up to 1.04% of digestible lysine, whereas it did not change at 34ºC. Feed daily intake of animals at 30ºC and 34ºC did not change with levels of lysine. Daily lysine intake of animals, in both environments, increased according to the level of lysine in the diet. At 30ºC, feed conversion improved up to the level of 1.07% lysine, whereas at 34ºC, it did not vary among lysine levels. Regardless of the temperature, use efficiency of lysine decreased as levels of lysine increased and it was 4.4% worse in the environment with higher temperature. Protein deposition in carcass in the 30ºC environment increased up to the level of 1.05% lysine, but it did not change at 34ºC. At 30ºC, fat deposition decreased down to 1.08% lysine, whereas in the 34ºC environment, it increased up to 1.08%, and it was on average 25.6% lower than at 30ºC. Levels of triiodothyronine and thyroxine were 35 and 30%, respectively, which was lower in animals kept in the 34ºC environment, where respiratory rate and rectal temperature were higher than those observed in animals kept in the environment at 30ºC. The levels of 1.04 and 0.83% of digestible lysine provide greater weight gain and protein deposition in pigs kept in environments at 30ºC and 34ºC, respectively.

In order to evaluate the effects of increasing dietary tryptophan levels on performance and carcass characteristics of growing pigs, a total of 60 crossbred castrated male pigs, with average initial and final body weights of 15.50 ± 1.15 and 30.60 ± 1.35 kg were used. Pigs were allotted in a completely randomized block design, with five dietary treatments (0.149, 0.158, 0.168, 0.177, and 0.187% digestible tryptophan, corresponding to digestible tryptophan:lysine relations of 16.0, 17.0, 18.0, 19.0, and 20.0%), six replicates, and two animals per experimental unit, which was represented by the pen. Experimental diets and water were supplied ad libitum throughout the experimental period. The average maximum and minimum temperatures inside the rooms were of 21.5 ± 1.12°C and 26.4 ± 1.91°C, respectively. There was no effect of digestible tryptophan on daily feed intake or protein deposition of pigs. Body weight gain increased quadratically with increasing digestible tryptophan in the diets up to 0.175% maximum response. Increasing digestible tryptophan in the diets linearly improved feed conversion of pigs. The greatest weight gain of 15 to 30 kg castrated male pigs is obtained at 0.175% digestible tryptophan, corresponding to a digestible tryptophan:lysine relation of 18.82% and an estimated daily intake of 2.32 grams of digestible tryptophan.

Avaliou-se o efeito de níveis de lisina digestível sobre o desempenho e a composição de carcaça de suínos machos castrados de alto potencial genético para deposição de carne. Foram utilizados 80 animais com peso inicial de 95,55 ± 1,04 distribuídos em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com cinco dietas (0,540; 0,642; 0,744; 0,846 e 0,948% de lisina digestível), oito repetições e dois animais por unidade experimental. As dietas experimentais e água foram fornecidas à vontade durante todo o período experimental. Os níveis de lisina digestível não influenciaram o consumo de ração diário e o peso de carcaça dos animais. O ganho de peso diário e a conversão alimentar melhoraram de forma quadrática até os níveis de lisina digestível estimados de 0,803 e 0,817%, respectivamente. Foi observado efeito linear crescente dos tratamentos sobre o consumo diário de lisina e sobre a quantidade de carne. Embora, a deposição diária de carne tenha aumentado de forma linear, o modelo LRP foi o que melhor se ajustou aos dados que permaneceram em um platô a partir do nível de lisina digestível de 0,803%. Os níveis de lisina digestível influenciaram a espessura de toucinho P2 dos animais que reduziu de forma linear. O nível de lisina digestível de 0,803%, que corresponde a consumo de 24,60 g/dia de lisina digestível, proporciona os melhores resultados de ganho de peso e deposição de carne, enquanto o nível de 0,817%, correspondente a consumo de 25,03 g/dia de lisina, proporciona melhor conversão alimentar e o de 0,948%, correspondente a consumo de 29,09 g/dia de lisina digestível, promove maior deposição de carne e espessura de toucinho em suínos machos castrados na fase dos 95 aos 125 kg.

This work evaluated levels of digestible lysine on performance and carcass composition of barrows with high genetic potential for meat deposition. It was used 80 animals with initial body weight of 95.55 ± 1.04 kg, distributed in a completely randomized block design, with 5 diets (0.540; 0.642; 0.744; 0.846 and 0.948% of digestible lysine), eight replicates and two animals per experimental unit. The experimental diets and water were provided ad libitum throughout the experimental period. Digestible lysine levels did not change daily feed intake and carcass weight of the animals. Daily weight gain and feed conversion improved in a quadratic way up to the estimated levels of 0.803 and 0.871% of digestible lysine, respectively. It was observed an increasing linear effect of the treatments on daily lysine intake and amount of meat. Although daily meat deposition had increased in a linear way, the LRP was the model that best adjusted to the data which remained on a plateau from 0.803% of digestible lysine level. The levels of digestible lysine influenced the P2 backfat thickness of the animals which decreased in a linear way. The digestible lysine level of 0.803%, corresponding to an intake of 24.60 g/day of digestible lysine provides the best results of weight gain and meat deposition whereas the level of 0.817% corresponding to an intake of 25.30 g/day of lysine provides the best result of feed conversion, and the digestible lysine level of 0.948% corresponding to an intake of 29.09 g/day of digestible lysine provides the best results of meat deposition and backfat thickness of barrows from 95 to 125 kg.