Abstract Sarcopenia affects performance in simple activities of daily life, directly impacting the quality of life of the elderly. The objective of the present study was to analyse the correlation between age, sarcopenia index and functional capacity in community-dwelling elderly. The sample comprised 40 community-dwelling elderly, 12 men (69.16± 8.13 years) and 28 women (67.96± 6.23 years). All participants underwent the Electrical Bioimpedance (BIA), Handgrip Strength test (HS), and Timed-Up-and-Go test (TUG). A strong correlation was found between age x TUG in men (r= 0.733; p= 0.021), between age x fat mass in women (r= 0.775; p= 0.032), between HS and TUG in men (r= − 0.713; p= 0.0003), and a weak correlation between HS and Free Fat Mass in women (r= 0.394; p= 0.043). Weak negative correlations were found regarding age in both men and women. In functional performance, concerning test time and age, strong correlations were found for men and weak correlations for women.

Resumo O objetivo desta investigação foi mensurar variáveis antropométricas e de desempenho físico de atletas de TKD da cidade de Pelotas – RS. Foram avaliados 45 atletas com idades 16,4±5,2 anos e tempo de prática de 3,25± 3,6 anos. Os atletas realizaram avaliação antropométrica, testes de desempenho físico, gerais e específicos. No somatório de sete dobras cutâneas, homens apresentam menores valores (106,1±49,5mm versus 143,4±43,2mm; p<0,002). Homens mais graduados apresentaram melhor desempenho no salto vertical que homens iniciantes (42,3±8,5cm versus 24,8±10,1cm; p<0,03) e que mulheres (22,1±4,3cm; p<0,03). Indivíduos graduados realizam maior número de flexões de cotovelo que iniciantes e mulheres e mais repetições no teste de abdominais. Atletas da categoria sênior e júnior masculino exibiram mais força isométrica de preensão manual que as mulheres (48,3±3,9kgf e 38,1±12,6kgf versus 29±5,6kgf; p<0,001). Homens percorreram maior distância no yo-yo test que mulheres (606,6±233,8m versus 200±113,1m; p<0,001). No teste de Wingate, homens produziram maior potência relativa máxima e média. Não foram observadas diferenças na flexibilidade. No teste de chute único, indivíduos mais graduados chutaram mais rápido do que os menos graduados (200,6±12,3m/s versus 258±5,6m/s; p<0,001) e executam maior número de chutes em 10s (21,6±2,1reps versus 15,5±0,7reps; p<0,001). Conclui-se que há diferenças entre homens e mulheres praticantes de TKD quanto a características antropométricas e motoras, e que atletas mais avançados exibem maior aptidão física geral e específica.

Abstract The purpose of this investigation was to measure anthropometric and physical performance variables of TKD athletes from the city of Pelotas - RS. Forty-five athletes aged 16.4 ± 5.2 years and time of practice of 3.25 ± 3.6 years were evaluated. Athletes performed anthropometric evaluation and physical, general and specific performance tests. In the sum of seven skin folds, men presented lower values ??(106.1 ± 49.5 mm versus 143.4 ± 43.2 mm, p <0.002). Male seniors presented better performance in the vertical jump compared to beginners (42.3 ± 8.5cm versus 24.8 ± 10.1cm, p <0.03) and to women (22.1 ± 4.3cm, p <0.03). Graduated individuals perform higher number of arm pushups than beginners and women and more repetitions in the abdominal test. Male junior and senior athletes had higher isometric handgrip strength than females (48.3 ± 3.9 kgf and 38.1 ± 12.6 kgf versus 29 ± 5.6 kgf, p <0.001). Men covered longer distance in the yo-yo test than women (606.6 ± 233.8m versus 200 ± 113.1m, p <0.001). In the Wingate test, men produced greater peak and average relative power. No differences in flexibility were observed. In the single kick test, seniors kicked faster than less experienced athletes (200.6 ± 12.3m / s versus 258 ± 5.6m / s, p <0.001) and performed greater number of kicks in the 21s, 6 ± 2.1 reps versus 15.5 ± 0.7 reps, p <0.001). It was concluded that there are differences between male and female TKD athletes regarding anthropometric and motor characteristics, and that more experienced athletes exhibit greater general and specific physical fitness.

Abstract The period of social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic has led people to adopt behaviors that were not previously part of their routines. The need to maintain an active lifestyle, with the adoption of an exercise regimen, has been reinforced by the scientific community for the maintenance of the immune and mental condition. Thus, we point out the need to observe the scientific guidelines on physical exercises during social isolation.

SUMMARY: We investigated the effect of the intervention using the BFR method on functional capacity after 16 weeks in elderly women. In a controlled clinical trial, 23 women were randomly allocated into two groups, low-intensity exercise with blood flow restriction (LI + BFR, N = 11, Age: 69.40 ± 5.73) and control group (CG, N = 12, Age: 69.00 ± 6.39). The LI + BFR group had a volume of 75 repetitions at 20-30 % of 1RM and 3-4 sets per exercise (30, 15, 15 and repetitions with 30" rest between sets). The CG did not undergo any type of exercise. Functional capacity, anthropometry and sarcopenia were verified through a battery of tests before and after 16 weeks. The LI + BFR group had significant improvement in performance in Handgrip strength, Chair Stand, Arm curl, 2.44 Up-and-Go and 6 min walk, Sit-andreach and Back Scratch (p<0.05) after the intervention. The elderly women were still classified as sarcopenic, despite the improvement in the Muscle Mass Index (p<0.01). CG did not present significant changes. The BFR method can be an effective in the intervention process using physical exercise as an auxiliary strategy in the control of sarcopenia, providing a physical profile during the aging process.

RESUMEN: Investigamos en mujeres ancianas el efecto de la intervención utilizando el método de restricción del flujo sanguíneo en la capacidad funcional, después de 16 semanas. En un ensayo clínico controlado, 23 mujeres fueron asignadas aleatoriamente en dos grupos; ejercicio de baja intensidad con restricción de flujo sanguíneo (BI + RFS, N = 11, edad: 69,40 ± 5,73) y grupo control (GC, N = 12, Edad: 69,00 ± 6,39). El grupo BI + RFS tuvo un volumen de 75 repeticiones al 20-30 % de 1RM y 3-4 series por ejercicio (30, 15, 15 y repeticiones con 30 " de descanso entre series). El GC no fue sometido a ningún tipo de ejercicio. La capacidad funcional, la antropometría y la sarcopenia se verificaron mediante una batería de pruebas antes y después de 16 semanas. El grupo BI + RFS tuvo una mejora significativa en el rendimiento de la fuerza de la empuñadura, soporte de la silla, curvatura del brazo, 2,44 up-and-go y 6 min, ‘sit-and-reach’ ‘Back Scratch’ (p<0,05) después de la intervención. Las mujeres de edad avanzada seguían clasificadas como sarcopénicas, a pesar de la mejora en el índice de masa muscular (p<0,01). El GC no presentó cambios significativos. El método de restricción del flujo sanguíneo puede ser efectivo en el proceso de intervención utilizando ejercicio físico como estrategia auxiliar en el control de la sarcopenia, proporcionando un perfil físico durante el proceso de envejecimiento.

The aim of the study was to verify the systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure response in elderly women during isokinetic test. The study included 54 females (68.8 ± 5.9 years) divided into two age groups (Group 1: 60 to 70 and group 2: above 71 years). BP was measured before and immediately after the isokinetic knee extension / flexion test in the concentric-concentric mode. After the test, significant elevations were observed in relation to the pre-test in SBP (G1: ?% = 29.7%, G2: ?% = 20.6%, p <.01, respectively) and in MAP (G1: ?% = 7.6 %, G2: ?% = 8.4%, p <.01, respectively). The use of isokinetic tests produces elevations in systolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure in elderly women. Increases occur independently of the age group studied. However, the increases detected do not appear to be of sufficient magnitude to constitute a health hazard whereby isokinetic tests can be safely applied in this population.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar o efeito agudo do exercício de flexibilidade no desempenho em salto vertical. Participaram do estudo 18 homens, alocados aleatoriamente em grupos, Facilitação Neuromuscular Proprioceptiva (TFNP - 23 ± 6.8 anos), Ativo (TA - 23.3 ± 4.2 anos) e Passivo (TP - 28.5 ± 12.9 anos). Para verificar a potência nos membros inferiores foi utilizado o Sargent Jump Test antes e após a intervenção. Uma Anova Two way para medidas repetidas foi aplicada, o qual comparou os valores do Salto Vertical antes e após o exercício de flexibilidade. Todos os grupos apresentaram redução no desempenho do salto vertical, no entanto os resultados foram significativos apenas nos grupos TA (Pré = 0.43 vs Pós = 0.41 cm; Δ% = - 4.99%; p = .007) e TP (Pré = 0.46 vs Pós = 0.43 cm, Δ% = -7.01%; p = .012). No grupo TFNP, os valores não foram significativos (Pré = 0.47 vs Pós = 0.46 cm; Δ% = - 3.27%; p = .709). Foi possível verificar que os diferentes protocolos de exercícios de flexibilidade exerceram influência negativa no desempenho da potência muscular de membros inferiores, sendo que, o treinamento de facilitação neuromuscular proprioceptiva promoveu índices menores de redução média na altura do salto.

This study aimed to verify the acute effect of flexibility exercise in the power of the lower limbs. Eighteen men were included, randomly assigned to groups, Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (FNP, 23 ± 6.8 years), active (TA, 23.3 ± 4.2 years) and Passive (TP, 28.5 ± 12.9 years). To verify the strength in the lower limbs was used Sargent Jump Test before and post intervention. The Anova Two way for repeated measures was applied, which compared the values of Vertical Jump before and after flexibility exercises. All groups showed a reduction in vertical jump performance, however the results were significant only in TA groups (pre = 0.43 versus post = 0.41 cm; Δ% = - 4.99%; p = .007) and TP (Pre = 0.46 = 0.43 cm vs Post, Δ% = -7.01%, p = .012). In FNP group, the values were not significant (pre = 0.47 versus post = 0.46 cm; Δ% = - 3.27%; p = .709). It was possible to verify that the flexibility exercise exerted a negative influence on the performance of the muscular power of the lower limbs, and the training of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation promoted lower rates of reduction in the average height of the jump.

Sugere-se que o exercício de força em baixa intensidade (20 - 40% de 1RM) combinado com restrição de fluxo sanguíneo - Blood Flow Restricted (BFR), tem produzido uma série de incrementos positivos em algumas variáveis relacionadas ao treino. Pretendemos verificar as respostas agudas do lactato sanguíneo de jovens adultos submetidos ao treino com BFR. Foram recrutados participantes do sexo masculino que não estavam engajados em qualquer tipo de treinamento de força. Participaram 37 voluntários que foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em três grupos: Grupo 1 (Exercício de baixa intensidade com oclusão vascular); Grupo 2 (Exercício de alta intensidade tradicional); Grupo 3 (Exercício de baixa intensidade sem oclusão vascular). Os indivíduos passaram por uma bateria de testes de composição corporal - Avaliação da massa corporal, estatura, Índice de Massa Corporal e percentual de gordura, análises de sangue capilar (lactato sanguíneo) e testes neuromotores (avaliação da força muscular). Foram verificadas diferenças significativas nas respostas do Lactato Sanguíneo em todos os momentos na comparação entre os grupos 1 e 3 (p<0.05) e entre os grupos 2 e 3 (p<0.05). Não foram verificadas diferenças significativas no Lactato Sanguíneo entre os grupos 1 e 2. No presente estudo observou-se que as respostas de lactato foram significativamente elevadas em diferentes momentos em relação ao estado de repouso, sobretudo nos grupos que foram submetidos à oclusão e ao treino tradicional. Fica evidente que a oclusão vascular periférica pode induzir elevações na atividade metabólica local e ser uma alternativa ao treinamento tradicional.

It is suggested that low-intensity strength training (20-40% 1RM) combined with Blood Flow Restriction (BFR) has produced a number of positive increases in some variables related to training. It was our objective to evaluate the acute responses of blood lactate in college students submitted to BFR exercise. We recruited male participants who were not engaged in any kind of strength training. The selected participants were randomized into three groups: Group 1 (low intensity exercise with vascular occlusion); Group 2 (traditional high-intensity exercise); Group 3 (low intensity exercise without vascular occlusion). The subjects underwent a battery of body composition tests - weight, height, body mass index and fat percentage, capillary blood tests (blood lactate) and neuromotor tests (evaluation of muscle strength). There were significant differences in Blood Lactate responses at all times in the comparison between groups 1 and 3 (p <0.05) and between groups 2 and 3 (p <0.05). No significant differences were found in Blood Lactate between groups 1 and 2. Conclusion: In this study it was observed that the lactate responses were significantly elevated at different times in relation to the resting state, particularly in the groups who underwent occlusion. It is evident that the peripheral vascular occlusion may induce increases in local metabolic activity and appears to be an alternative to traditional training.

Alterações na distribuição e na composição corporal, considerada componente avaliativa do estado nutricional (EN), parecem estar associadas à capacidade física força muscular (FM). Um EN parece estar associado a alteração da força em idosos. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a associação entre o estado nutricional e a Força de Preensão Manual (FPM) em idosos residentes em áreas rurais do município de Jequié, na Bahia - Brasil. Estudo de coorte transversal, realizado com 95 participantes idosos com idade superior a 60 anos, cadastrados em uma das Unidades de Saúde da Família que atendem a zona rural do município. A avaliação do EN f realizada através do cálculo do Índice de massa corporal e a FPM foi avaliada através de um dinamômetro manual hidráulico. A comparação entre os grupos foi realizada através da análise de variância ANOVA e as correlações entre variáveis foram verificadas pelo teste de correlação de Spearman. Não foi encontrada associações entre o IMC e FPM nesta amostra de estudo. Observou-se correlação estatisticamente significativa entre estado nutricional e FPM em idosos na faixa etária ≥ 80 anos (p ≤ 0,05). Os dados revelam a tendência de que o declínio do EN pode ter impacto significativo indivíduos idosos com idades mais avançadas.

Changes in the distribution and body composition are associated with muscle strength scores. The Decrease in strength and inadequate nutritional status contribute to the impairment of daily activities. This study aims to investigate the association between nutritional status and hand grip strength (HS) in the elderly living in rural Jequié, Bahia. Cross-sectional study was conducted with 95 individuals aged sixty or older, enrolled in the one Family Health Unit attending the countryside. Data collection was performed using a standardized instrument. The HS was performed with the aid of a hydraulic hand dynamometer. In the comparison between groups was applied to analysis of variance ANOVA. The correlations between BMI and FPP were verified by Spearman correlation test. No significant correlation was found between BMI and HS. Significant correlation was observed statistically between nutritional status and HS in the stratum of elderly aged ≥ 80 years (p ≤ 0,05). The results suggest that the decline in nutritional status can impact significantly more individuals at aged 80 and over.

OBJETIVOS: Analisar os efeitos do tratamento hidrocinesioterapêutico na qualidade de vida, percepção de dor e gravidade de episódios depressivos em um grupo de pacientes com fibromialgia. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 64 indivíduos do sexo feminino, separados em dois grupos: hidrocinesioterapia (n = 33; 58,2 ± 10,6 anos) e grupo controle (n = 31; 59,6 ± 9,4 anos), com diagnóstico de fibromialgia. Os indivíduos foram avaliados através da Escala Analógica Visual de Dor (EVA), o Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), e o Inventário de Beck. Os participantes foram submetidos a um tratamento hidrocinesioterápico numa piscina aquecida a 33ºC com duas sessões de 45 minutos por semana, ao longo 15 semanas, num total de 30 sessões. Os exercícios subaquáticos foram: de condicionamento cardiovascular, de força, de mobilidade, de coordenação, de equilíbrio, de alongamento e de relaxamento muscular. Utilizou-se a ANOVA 2×2 e Kruskal-Wallis para análise estatística. RESULTADOS: Foram observadas melhorias estatisticamente significativas na percepção da intensidade da dor (Δ% = -28,2%, p < 0,01), na qualidade de vida (Δ% = -32,4%, p < 0,05) e nos sintomas de depressão (Δ% = -35,4%, p < 0,05) favoráveis ao grupo hidrocinesioterapia comparado ao grupo controle. CONCLUSÕES: O estudo sugere que a hidrocinesioterapia mostrou-se eficaz como terapia alternativa da fibromialgia. No entanto, recomenda novos estudos que testem as associações existentes entre as variáveis analisadas e os programas de intervenção, utilizando as atividades aquáticas, bem como a modificabilidade dos parâmetros de saúde física e psíquica quando estes indivíduos são submetidos a programas de curta, média e longa duração.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of treatment by hydrotherapy on quality of life, perception of pain and the severity of depression in a group of patients with fibromyalgia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated 64 females divided into two groups: hydrocinesiotherapy (n = 33, 58.2 ± 10.6 years) and control group (n = 31 with 59.6 ± 9.4 years) with clinical diagnosis of fibromyalgia. Individuals were assessed by Visual Analog Scale of Pain (VAS), the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) and the Beck Depression Inventory. Participants underwent a treatment in a hydrotherapy pool heated to 33ºC over a period of 15 weeks, two sessions per week of 45 minutes, a total of 30 sessions. The exercises were underwater: cardiovascular conditioning, strength training, mobility, coordination, balance and still, stretching exercises and muscle relaxation. The ANOVA 2×2 and Kruskall-Wallis was used for statistical analysis RESULTS: There were statistically significant improvements in the perception of pain intensity (Δ% = -28.2%, p < 0, 01), quality of life (Δ% = -32.4%, p < 0, 05) and depression symptoms (Δ% = -35.4%, p < 0, 05) in favor of the Hydrotherapy group compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The study suggests that hydrocinesiotherapy was effective as an alternative therapy for fibromyalgia, however further studies are recommended to test the associations between the variables and intervention programs and using the water activities, and the modifiability of the parameters of physical and mental health when these individuals undergo programs of short, medium and long duration.