Resumen: Este trabajo evaluó la tasa de crecimiento micelial (Kr) y la producción de basidiomas de dos cepas comerciales del hongo shiitakeLentinula edodes(B05 y M3790) en formulaciones compuestas de residuos lignocelulósicos procedentes de actividades agrícolas y agroindustriales de la región andina de Patagonia Norte y de materiales leñosos de plantas invasoras. Las formulaciones consistieron de un sustrato base, como chips de madera de sauce (ChS), chips de madera de rosa mosqueta (ChRM), pelusa de rosa mosqueta (PRM) o virutas de lenga (VL), mezclado con un suplemento, como salvado de trigo (ST) o bagazo de cebada cervecera (BC). Las dos cepas evaluadas mostraron mayores Kr con ChRM-ST. La producción de basidiomas tuvo lugar lo largo de 1 a 4 oleadas, durante un máximo de 124 días. Las máximas eficiencias biológicas (EB) se obtuvieron con la cepa M3790, destacándose ChS (118,86%) y VL (88,73%), ambos suplementados con ST. La cepa B05 alcanzó las máximas EB con ChS-ST (54,72%) y con ChRM-BC (50,43%). Los resultados obtenidos especialmente con ChRM y ChS, sumado a su abundancia en Patagonia argentina, sugieren que estos materiales pueden ser aprovechados como sustratos para la producción comercial de shiitake, actividad aún no desarrollada a gran escala en la región.

Summary: This work assessed the mycelial growth rate (Kr) and basidiome production of two commercial strains of shiitake mushroomLentinula edodes(B05 and M3790) in formulations composed of lignocellulosic residues from agricultural and agroindustrial activities in Northern Andean Patagonia and woody materials from invasive plants. The formulations consisted of a base substrate, such as willow wood chips (ChS), rosehip wood chips (ChRM), rosehip fluff (PRM) or southern beech shavings (VL), mixed with a supplement, such as wheat bran (ST) or malting barley bagasse (BC). Both strains showed the highest Kr with ChRM-ST. Basidiome production took place over 1 to 4 flushes for a maximum of 124 days. The highest biological efficiencies (EB) were obtained with strain M3790, particularly using ChS (118.86%) and VL (88.73%), both supplemented with ST. Strain B05 showed the highest EB in ChS-ST (54.72%) and in ChRM-BC (50.43%). The results obtained, especially in ChRM and ChS, in addition to their abundance in Argentinian Patagonia, suggest that these materials can be used as substrates for the commercial production of shiitake, an activity that is still not developed on a large scale in this region.

Abstract The lowlands of mid-latitude South America comprise complex temperate ecoregions characterized by a unique biodiversity. However, the processes responsible for shaping its species diversity are still largely unknown. Turnera sidoides subsp. carnea is a variable subspecies occurring in the lowlands of northeastern Argentina and Uruguay, extending to southern Paraguay and Brazil. It constitutes a good model to perform evolutionary studies. Here we used an integrative approach to understand the process of diversification within this subspecies and to increase the knowledge concerning patterns and processes responsible for shaping the species diversity in the temperate lowlands of South America. The results provided strong evidences that this subspecies is an autopolyploid complex per se, being in an active process of intrasubspecific diversification. Morphological and genetic data show that the diversity of T. sidoides subsp. carnea is in congruence with the great past and present abiotic and biotic variability of the mid-latitude South American lowlands. The evolutionary history of this subspecies is consistent with past fragmentation and allopatric differentiation at diploid level. Geographic isolation and local adaptation would have promoted strong morphological, ecological, and genetic differentiation, resulting in two morphotypes and different genetic groups indicative of incipient speciation.