OBJECTIVES: Craniofacial resection (CFR) procedures for craniofacial tumors with cranial extension are often extensive. Although CFRs may yield good oncological results, there are concerns about high perioperative morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to determine risk factors for perioperative mortality after open CFR in terms of deaths occurring during index hospitalizations. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of CFRs conducted at a tertiary oncology hospital from May 2009 through December 2018. RESULTS: Our analysis included data from the medical records of 102 patients, the majority of whom were male (n=74, 72.5%). The mean age was 61 years (±18.3 years). Skin malignancies (n=64, 63.4%) accounted for nearly two-thirds of the treated tumors, and most of these were squamous cell carcinoma. Postoperative medical complications occurred in 33 patients (33%), and surgical complications occurred in 48 (47%). Multivariate analysis revealed the only independent risk factors for perioperative deaths to be the presence of intracranial tumor extension on preoperative imaging (hazard ratio [HR]=4.56; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.74-11.97; p=0.002) and the unexpected emergence of postoperative neurological dysfunction (HR=10.9; 95% CI: 2.21-54.3; p=0.003). CONCLUSIONS: In our study, factors related to tumor extension were associated with a higher risk of perioperative death.

Resumo Introdução: A laringectomia supratraqueal tem sido descrita como um procedimento cirúrgico com objetivo de preservar a função da laringe (respiração, fonação e deglutição), sem prejuízo no controle oncológico locorregional, para câncer glótico ou supraglótico com extensão à subglote e/ou envolvimento da articulação cricoaritenóidea. A opção pela laringectomia supracricoide nesses casos poderia resultar em grande risco para margens de ressecção comprometidas. Objetivo: Determinar a segurança, viabilidade, adequação das margens cirúrgicas e os resultados da laringectomia supratraqueal para o câncer de laringe intermediário e avançado através da revisão dos resultados de três instituições distintas no Brasil. Método: Estudo retrospectivo, com análise dos prontuários de 29 pacientes submetidos à laringectomia supratraqueal, de outubro de 1997 a junho de 2017. O tipo de laringectomia realizada foi classificado de acordo com a classificação da Sociedade Laringológica Europeia para laringectomias horizontais. Foram avaliados os resultados precoces e tardios. As taxas de sobrevida (global, específica, livre de doença e livre de laringectomia total) foram calculadas. O tempo médio de seguimento foi 44 meses. Resultados: Dos 29 pacientes submetidos à laringectomia supratraqueal, 25 não tinham tratamento prévio. Um paciente (3,4%) teve margens comprometidas. Quatro pacientes (13,8%) recidivaram. Desses, três tiveram recidiva local e um apresentou recidiva regional. Cinco pacientes (17,2%) necessitaram de totalização da laringectomia, duas por ruptura da pexia e três por recidiva local. Quatro desses pacientes (80%) obtiveram sucesso na totalização. Quatro pacientes (13,8%) foram a óbito, dois por complicações pós-cirúrgicas e dois por recidiva. As sobrevidas global, específica, livre de doença e livre de laringectomia total em 5 anos foram, respectivamente, 82,1%; 88,2%; 83,0% e 80,2%. Conclusão: Pacientes selecionados com câncer intermediário e avançado de laringe podem ser beneficiados com laringectomia supratraqueal, que ofereceu sobrevida livre de laringectomia total e sobrevida específica de 80,2% e 88,2%, respectivamente.

Abstract Introduction: Supratracheal laryngectomy has been described as a surgical procedure for glottic or supraglottic cancer extending to the subglottic region and/or involving the cricoarytenoid joint, aiming to preserve laryngeal function (breathing, phonation and swallowing), without diminishing locoregional cancer control. The choice of supracricoid laryngectomy in these cases could result in a high risk of compromised resection margins. Objective: To determine the safety, viability, adequacy of surgical margins and the supratracheal laryngectomy results for intermediate and advanced laryngeal cancer by reviewing the results at three different institutions in Brazil. Methods: This is a retrospective study that analyzed the charts of 29 patients submitted to supratracheal laryngectomy from October 1997 to June 2017. The type of laryngectomy performed was classified according to the European Laryngological Society classification for horizontal laryngectomies. Early and late results were evaluated. Survival rates (overall, specific, disease-free and total laryngectomy-free survival) were calculated. The mean follow-up time was 44 months. Results: Of the 29 patients submitted to supratracheal laryngectomy, 25 had no previous treatment. One patient (3.4%) had compromised margins. Four patients (13.8%) had recurrence. Of these, three had local recurrence and one had regional recurrence. Five patients (17.2%) required a total laryngectomy, two due to ruptured pexy and three due to local recurrence. Four of these patients (80%) achieved a successful total procedure. Four patients (13.8%) died, two due to postoperative complications and two due to recurrence. Overall, specific, disease-free and total laryngectomy-free survival at 5 years were, respectively, 82.1%; 88.2%; 83.0% and 80.2%. Conclusion: Selected patients with intermediate and advanced laryngeal cancer may benefit from supratracheal laryngectomy, that resulted in total laryngectomy-free survival and specific survival of 80.2% and 88.2%, respectively.

ABSTRACT Objective The aim of the present study was to describe the epidemiologic data, histological type, treatment and follow-up of the 811 patients treated for thyroid cancer in Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP) over 5 years. Materials and methods Retrospective analyses of electronic chart information. Results There were 679 cases (83.7%) of papillary thyroid cancer, 61 (7.5%) of follicular carcinoma, 54 (6.7%) of medullary carcinoma, 11 (1.4%) of poorly differentiated carcinoma and 6 of anaplastic carcinoma (0.7%). The majority of patients were female (82.2%), and the mean age was 50.5 ± 15 years. Two hundred forty-two patients had disease persistence or recurrence. At the last follow-up, 629 (77.6%) patients were alive and disease free, 141 (17.4%) were alive with disease, and 41 (5.1%) were deceased, with 37 deaths related to thyroid cancer. Conclusion This study was able to outline the profile, disease type and evolution of patients treated for thyroid cancer at a single tertiary hospital.

OBJETIVO: Estudar o microcarcinoma papilífero observado nas tireoidectomias realizadas em nossa clínica privada. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Revisamos clínica e histologicamente 1.930 pacientes submetidos a tireoidectomias no período de 2002 a 2006, tendo 606 carcinomas e, desses, 332 como microcarcinomas papilíferos. Avaliamos sexo, idade, tipo histológico, tamanho da neoplasia, multifocalidade, freqüência do esvaziamento cervical, resultados da PCI e tireoglobulina sérica. RESULTADOS: Dos 332 pacientes, 48 eram do sexo masculino e 146 tinham idade superior a 45 anos. Todos foram submetidos a tireoidectomia total, 19 concomitantemente a esvaziamento cervical de necessidade (5,72%), e 313 a iodoterapia (94,27%). Tivemos metástase a distância em 5 pacientes (1,5%). Após 1 ano, de 170 pacientes submetidos à PCI, temos 141 considerados livres de doença, 21 com anti-tireoglobulina positivo, 6 com tireoglobulina superior a 2 ng/ml, sendo 1 com metástase pulmonar e outro com recidiva linfonodal (0,3%). CONCLUSÃO: Recomendamos que seja realizada a tireoidectomia total, esvaziamento cervical de necessidade e iodoterapia ablativa na presença de fatores clínicos e anátomo-patológicos de risco.

OBJECTIVE: The study of papillary microcarcinoma observed during the thyroidectomies in our private clinic. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We reviewed clinical and histopathological results of 1,930 consecutive patients submitted for thyroidectomies in the period from 2002 to 2006, 606 had thyroid carcinomas but only 332 were papillary microcarcinoma. We studied gender, age, histologic type, size, multifocality, frequency of neck dissection, and results of Whole Body Scan and thyroglobulin. RESULTS: Overall, we found 48 males and 146 older than 45 years old. Therapy included total thyroidectomy for all, therapeutic neck dissection in 19 (5.72%), and radioiodine for 313 (94.27%). We found 5 patients with distant metastases (1.5%). After 1 year, from 170 submitted to WBS, we consider 141 free of disease, 21 have positive thyroglobulin antibody, 6 have thyroglobulin level above 2 ng/ml, being 1 with lung metastases and other with lymph node recurrence (0.3%). CONCLUSION: We recommend total thyroidectomy, therapeutic neck dissection and radioiodine ablation when present clinical and pathological risk factors.

Galectina-3 é uma proteína multifuncional altamente expressa em câncer de tiróide. O gene de galectina-3 (LGALS3) apresenta vários candidatos a SNPs anotados, no entanto a relação entre estes SNPs e variações fenotípicas específicas relevantes à saúde não foi avaliada. Neste estudo, investigamos SNPs do LGALS3 e uma possível associação destes com a tumorigênese tiroidiana. A presença de SNPs do LGALS3 em linhagens de carcinoma de tiróide (WRO, NPA, TPC-1, ARO), tecidos tiroidianos de 55 pacientes com diagnóstico de bócio multinodular ou carcinoma papilífero e linfócitos do sangue periférico de 45 indivíduos saudáveis foi avaliada por seqüenciamento e SSCP. A análise da seqüência codificadora do LGALS3 mostrou que o sítio T98P apresenta uma grande variação genotípica, visto que observamos os padrões homozigoto (AA ou CC) e heterozigoto (AC). Em linhagens de carcinoma de tiróide, o genótipo da NPA no sítio T98P do LGALS3 é CC, enquanto TPC-1, WRO e ARO são AC. As freqüências genotípicas do T98P do LGALS3 observadas em bócio multinodular (AC= 67%, AA= 23%, CC= 10%) e carcinoma papilífero (AC= 68%, AA= 20%, CC= 12%) foram semelhante à freqüência observada na população controle (AC= 60%, AA= 24%, CC= 16%). Em conclusão, não observamos associação entre o genótipo T98P do LGALS3 e o fenótipo de tumor benigno ou maligno de tiróide.

Galectin-3 is a multifunctional protein highly expressed in thyroid cancer. The galectin-3 gene (LGALS3) has several annotated candidates SNPs, however the relationship between galectin-3 SNPs and specific phenotypic variations relevant to health has not been evaluated. In this study, we investigated SNPs in the galectin-3 gene and a putative association with thyroid tumorigenesis. The presence of LGALS3 SNPs in thyroid carcinoma cell lines (NPA, TPC-1, WRO, ARO), thyroid tissues of 55 patients with multinodular goiter or papillary carcinoma diagnosis and lymphocytes of peripherical blood of 45 healthy individuals was evaluated by sequencing and SSCP. The analysis of LGALS3 coding sequence showed that the T98P site presents a great genotypic variation, since we observed both homozygous (AA or CC) and heterozygous (AC) patterns. In thyroid carcinoma cell lines, the genotype of NPA in the LGALS3 T98P site is CC, while TPC-1, WRO and ARO are AC. The genotypic frequency of T98P SNP observed in multinodular goiter (AC= 67%; AA= 23%; CC= 10%) and papillary carcinoma (AC= 68%; AA= 20%; CC= 12%) were similar to the frequency observed in the control population (AC= 60%, AA= 24%, CC= 16%). In conclusion, no association between LGALS3 T98P genotype and the phenotype of the benign or malignant thyroid tumor was observed.