Abstract This study aimed to investigate the presence of maternal effect on the inheritance of flax seed coat color. Direct and reciprocal crosses were performed between four yellow flax seed lines and two brown flax seed cultivars. F1 and F2 populations of direct and reciprocal crosses were evaluated for coat color. Four F2 populations were selected for analysis of coat color in the F3 generation. The phenotypic segregation pattern was assessed by the chi-square test. The nuclear genotype of the female parent influenced all F1, F2, and F3 populations. F1 and F2 seeds were always equal to the phenotype of the female parent. F3 populations had a 3:1 ratio of plants producing yellow and brown seeds. The maternal effect resulted from the transfer of gene products from maternal cytoplasm to offspring, with evidence of the effect of a single gene with a dominant allele for the yellow phenotype.

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance and yield stability of yellow flax genotypes, as well as to identify the best ones for breeding. Nineteen lines and a local variety were cultivated in the 2018, 2019, and 2020 crop seasons in two environments (municipalities) in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Number of capsules per plant, plant yield, grain yield, and final stand were determined. Data were analyzed across genotypes within each environment and across environments within genotypes. Genotype × environment interactions were evaluated by a joint analysis, in which stability and adaptability parameters were estimated. Correlations between final plant stand and yield components were also estimated. There is a high variability in the productive performance among genotypes. The genotype × environment interactions influenced plant traits. The effect of factors related to soil, climate, and population density on number of capsules and grain weight must be considered. The flax genotypes present high grain yield means in all environments. The analysis of stability and adaptability reveals that genotypes LINPG87 and LINPG88 stand out in productive performance and stability.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho e a estabilidade produtiva de genótipos de linhaça amarela, bem como identificar os melhores para seleção. Dezenove linhagens e uma variedade local foram cultivadas nas safras de 2018, 2019 e 2020, em dois ambientes (munícipios) no estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Foram determinados número de cápsulas por planta, rendimento de plantas, rendimento de grãos e estande final. Os dados foram analisados entre genótipos dentro de cada ambiente e entre ambientes dentro dos genótipos. As interações genótipo × ambiente foram avaliadas por análise conjunta, em que foram estimados os parâmetros de estabilidade e adaptabilidade. Também foram estimadas as correlações entre o estande final de plantas e os componentes da produção. Há alta variabilidade no desempenho produtivo entre os genótipos. As interações genótipo × ambiente influenciaram as características das plantas. Deve-se considerar o efeito de fatores relacionados ao solo, ao clima e à densidade populacional sobre o número de cápsulas e o peso de grãos. Os genótipos de linho apresentam elevados rendimentos médios de grãos em todos os ambientes. A análise de estabilidade e adaptabilidade revela que os genótipos LINPG87 e LINPG88 se destacam em desempenho e estabilidade de produção.