Abstract Morphometric measurement and roosting ecology of Pteropus medius were aimed to find out in Mansehra district of KP, Pakistan. Total 3149 numbers of bats were found in eight biological spots visited; Baffa Doraha, Darband, Dadar, Jallu, Hazara University, Garhi Habibullah Chattar Plain and Jabori, in total 299 numbers of different species of trees including; Morus alba, Pinus raxburghi, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Morus nigra, Grevillea robusta, Brousonetia papyrifera,Platanus orientalis, Ailanthus altissima, Hevea brasiliensis and Populus nigra. Morphometric features were measured and found vary according to sex of the bats. The average wing span, wing`s length from tip of wing to neck, from thumb to tip of wing and the body`s length from head and claws were recorded to be 102.98 cm, 49.07cm, 28.7 cm and 22.78 cm respectively in males while 93.67 cm, 44.83cm, 24.78cm and 22.78 cm respectively in female bats. Mean circumference of the body including wings and without wing were measured as 22.78 cm and 17.29 cm in males and that of female were 20.07 cm and 16.9 cm. Average length of thumb 3.64 cm, ear`s length 3.1 cm, snout 5.62cm, eye length were 1.07 cm for both sexes and length between the feet in extended position were16.3 cm. Generally different measurement of males bodies were found to be greater than female such as mean body surface area, mass, volume and pressure were found to be 2691.79 cm2, 855.7gm,1236.4 ml and 295.77 dyne/ c m 3for male and 2576.46 cm2, 852.71gm,1207 ml and 290.2 dyne/ c m 3 respectively for female. While weight and density for both males and females bats were same with mean of 8.59 newton and 0.701 g/m3. Findings of current reports can add valued information in literature about bats, which can be used for species identification and conservation. KP Pakistan 314 visited Doraha Darband Dadar Jallu University Jabori 29 alba raxburghi camaldulensis nigra robusta papyriferaPlatanus papyrifera Platanus orientalis altissima span s neck bodys 10298 102 98 102.9 4907cm 49 07cm 49.07cm 287 28 7 28. 2278 22 78 22.7 9367 93 67 93.6 4483cm 44 83cm 44.83cm 2478cm 24 78cm 1729 17 17.2 2007 20 07 20.0 169 16 9 16. 364 64 3.6 ears ear 31 1 3. 562cm 5 62cm 5.62cm 107 1.0 were163 were16 were16. area mass 269179 2691 79 2691.7 cm2 8557gm12364 gm 855 7gm 1236 4 855.7gm,1236. 29577 295 77 295.7 dyne 257646 2576 46 2576.4 85271gm1207 852 71gm 1207 852.71gm,120 2902 290 2 290. 859 8 59 8.5 0701 0 701 0.70 gm3 g m3 g/m3 conservation 1029 10 102. 227 22. 936 6 93. 172 17. 200 20. 36 1. were1 26917 269 2691. 8557gm1236 85 123 855.7gm,1236 2957 295. 25764 257 2576. 85271gm120 120 852.71gm,12 8. 070 70 0.7 g/m 26 8557gm123 12 855.7gm,123 25 85271gm12 852.71gm,1 0. 8557gm12 855.7gm,12 85271gm1 852.71gm, 8557gm1 855.7gm,1 85271gm 852.71gm 8557gm 855.7gm, 855.7gm

Resumo A medição morfométrica e a ecologia de poleiro de Pteropus medius foram realizadas no distrito de Mansehra de KP, Paquistão. Foram encontrados 3.149 morcegos em 8 pontos biológicos visitados; Baffa Doraha, Darband, Dadar, Jallu, Universidade Hazara, Garhi Habibullah Chattar Plain e Jabori, no total 299 números de diferentes espécies de árvores, incluindo: Morus alba, Pinus raxburghi, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Morus nigra, Grevillea robusta, Brousonetia papyrifera, Platanus orientalis, Ailanthus altissima, Hevea brasiliensis e Populus nigra. As características morfométricas foram medidas e variam de acordo com o sexo dos morcegos. A envergadura média da asa, o comprimento da asa da ponta da asa ao pescoço, do polegar à ponta da asa e o comprimento do corpo da cabeça e garras foram registrados em 102,98 cm, 49,07 cm, 28,7 cm e 22,78 cm, respectivamente, nos machos. Enquanto 93,67 cm, 44,83 cm, 24,78 cm e 22,78 cm respectivamente, nas fêmeas. As circunferências médias do corpo incluindo asas e sem asas foram medidas de 22,78 cm e 17,29 cm nos machos e as das fêmeas foram 20,07 cm e 16,9 cm. O comprimento médio do polegar 3,64 cm, comprimento da orelha 3,1 cm, focinho 5,62 cm, comprimento dos olhos 1,07 cm para ambos os sexos e comprimento entre os pés em posição estendida foi de 16,3 cm. Geralmente, as medidas diferentes dos corpos masculinos foram maiores que as femininas, como a área de superfície corporal média, massa, volume e pressão foram encontrados em 2691,79 cm2, 855,7 gm,1236,4 ml e 295,77 dines para masculino e 2576,46 cm2, 852,71 gm, 1207 ml e 290,2 dines respectivamente para fêmeas. Enquanto o peso e a densidade para machos e fêmeas de morcegos foram os mesmos com média de 8,59 N e 0,701 g/m3. Os achados de relatórios atuais podem agregar informações valiosas na literatura sobre morcegos, que podem ser utilizadas para identificação e conservação de espécies. KP Paquistão 3149 3 149 3.14 visitados Doraha Darband Dadar Jallu Hazara Jabori 29 árvores alba raxburghi camaldulensis nigra robusta papyrifera orientalis altissima pescoço 10298 102 98 102,9 4907 49 07 49,0 287 28 7 28, 2278 22 78 22,7 9367 93 67 93,6 4483 44 83 44,8 2478 24 24,7 1729 17 17,2 2007 20 20,0 169 16 9 16, 364 64 3,6 31 1 3, 562 5 62 5,6 107 1,0 163 Geralmente femininas massa 269179 2691 79 2691,7 cm2 8557 855 855, gm12364 gm 1236 4 gm,1236, 29577 295 77 295,7 257646 2576 46 2576,4 85271 852 71 852,7 120 2902 290 2 290, 859 59 8,5 0701 0 701 0,70 gm3 g m3 m g/m3 314 14 3.1 1029 10 102, 490 49, 227 22, 936 6 93, 448 44, 247 24, 172 17, 200 20, 36 56 5, 1, 26917 269 2691, 85 gm1236 123 gm,1236 2957 295, 25764 257 2576, 8527 852, 12 8, 070 70 0,7 g/m 3. 26 gm123 gm,123 25 0, gm12 gm,12 gm1 gm,1

The dietary supplementation of trace minerals and probiotics has long been practiced to reduce the harmful effects of high environmental temperature in poultry. The study aimed to assess the effect of single or combined supplementation of ZnSO4●H2O and probiotic (Protexin®) on the growth performance, gut biometry and immune organs histomorphology in broilers reared under cyclic heat stress. For this purpose, 280 day-old broiler chicks were randomly divided into seven groups designated as control (basal diet), HS (heat stress + basal diet), HS-Zn30 (HS + 30 mg ZnSO4●H2O/kg feed), HS-Zn60 (HS + 60 mg ZnSO4●H2O/kg feed), HS-Pro (HS + 0.1 g Protexin®/kg feed), HS-Zn30-Pro (HS + 30 mg ZnSO4●H2O/kg feed + 0.1 g Protexin®/kg feed), and HS-Zn60-Pro (HS + 60 mg ZnSO4●H2O/kg feed + 0.1 g Protexin®/kg feed). Each group consisted of five replicates (8 birds per replicate). The birds were fed on starter (0 - 21days) and grower (22 - 42 days) diets. From day 22 onwards, the birds were exposed to cyclic heat stress (temperature and relative humidity at 35 ± 1 °C and 75 ± 5% respectively) for 8 hours. The results revealed that birds exposed to heat stress showed significant decrease in body weight (BW) and increase in feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to the control group. The dietary supplementation of ZnSO4●H2O and probiotic either singly or in combination improved BW and FCR throughout the experimental period in heat-stressed broilers. Area of lymphatic nodule and lymphoid follicle in caecal tonsils and bursa of Fabricius increased in HS-Pro, HS-Zn30-Pro and HS-Zn60-Pro groups compared to HS group. In conclusion, zinc and probiotics combination partially improved performance and immune organs histomorphology in heat-stressed broilers.