ABSTRACT This study was conducted to determine the effect of sex on ossification processes in quail by determining the exact closure timing of the epiphyseal plate in the proximal region of the femur. This was done by investigating the histological and biochemical parameters affecting the osteogenesis process that takes place following quail hatching to observe if any variation existed between males and females in this regard. For this purpose, blood samples were collected from six male and female specimens via IV catheters every week for the first 42 days that followed hatching. The samples were transferred into serum tubes, and PTH (PTH), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), inorganic phosphorus, calcium, and vitamin D values in the samples, which are known to have an impact on ossification, were analyzed. The specimens from which the blood samples were collected were then euthanized, and histological cut-sections that covered the epiphyseal growth plate were collected, along with the bone sections of the proximal regions of the right femur. Considering decalcification, these histological sections were kept in an ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) solution. Routine histological examinations were then conducted on these sections, after which they were embedded in paraffin. Crossman's modified triple staining method was used to prepare them, and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test was used to statistically evaluate whether the inspected biochemical parameters played a role in the ossification process of quail and whether a statistical difference existed between sexes in this regard. The findings of our study revealed that poultry animals also have five zones in the epiphyseal plate as do mammals, and they have calcified cartilage areas. The findings also indicate that, while ossification starts to occur both in male and female quail specimens, calcification occurs more frequently in females. It was determined that the proximal epiphyseal plate regions of the femur close at the end of the sixth week in both sexes of quail, although the calcification and ossification are more advanced in some females compared with males.

This study aimed to reveal the morphometric differences between blind mole rats which live under ground and rats which live under laboratory conditions with regard to the length, base width, keratinization thickness and microscopic papilla depth. For this purpose, 7 adult blind mole rats and 7 adult Wistar albino rats were used in the study. All tongues were removed and fixed in 10 % neutral formalin. 4-5 micrometer of sections were obtained from paraffine sections which were obtained with routine histological follow ups and Crossman's modified triple staining was applied. While papilla length was found as 184.73±26.68 µm, base width 65.46±16.51 µm, keratinization thickness 11.60±1.37 µm, microscopic papilla depth 49.89±8.19 µm in blind rats; these values were found as 177.49±31.44 µm, 50.08±7.57 µm, 13.08±5.32 µm and 89.12±19.31 µm, respectively in rats. While a statistically significant difference was not detected between lengths (p>0.05), the difference between papilla width was found significant (p<0.05). While keratinization was found to be thicker on posterior side compared to anterior side in both species, a difference was not detected between keratinization thickness measurements (p>0.05). The difference between two species with regard to papilla depth was detected to be significant (p<0.001). The finding that papilla depth decreases as base width increases and the difference's being statistically significant suggested that living in different environments with different humidity could be effective on morphologic structures of the tongue in blind mole rats and rats.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo revelar las diferencias morfométricas de las papilas linguales filiformes entre ratas topo ciegas que viven bajo tierra y ratas que viven en condiciones de laboratorio, con respecto a la longitud, ancho de la base, espesor de la queratinización y profundidad microscópica de las papilas. Para este propósito, se utilizaron 7 ratas topo ciegas adultas y 7 ratas albinas Wistar adultas. Se retiraron las lenguas y se fijaron en formalina neutra al 10 %. Se obtuvieron secciones de 4 a 5 µm a partir de técnicas histológicas de rutina, aplicándose la tinción triple modificada de Crossman. En las ratas topo ciegas se obtuvieron los siguientes datos morfométricos en relación a las papilas linguales filiformes: longitud 184,73 ± 26,68µm, ancho de la base 65,46 ± 16,51 µm, espesor de queratinización 11,60 ± 1,37 µm, profundidad microscópica de la papila 49,89 ± 8,19 µm, mientras que en las ratas control, los valores que se encontraron fueron 177,49 ± 31,44 µm, 50,08 ± 7,57 µm, 13,08 ± 5,32 µm y 89,12 ± 19,31 µm, respectivamente. Si bien no se detectó diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre las longitudes (p> 0,05), la diferencia del ancho de la papila fue significativa (p <0,05). Mientras que la queratinización fue más gruesa en la parte dorsal comparado con la parte ventral en ambas especies, no se detectó diferencia entre las mediciones de espesor de la queratinización (p> 0,05). Se detectó que la diferencia entre las dos especies con respecto a la profundidad de la papila era significativa (p <0,001). Se determinó que la profundidad de la papila disminuye a medida que aumenta el ancho de la base y la diferencia es estadísticamente significativa, lo que sugiere que vivir en diferentes ambientes con diferente humedad podría ser eficaz en las estructuras morfológicas de la lengua de ratas topo ciegas y de ratas de laboratorio.

ICAM-1 which is expressed by endothelial cells and leukocytes are observed as first markers in diseases such as transplant rejection, diabetes and atherosclerosis and in infections caused by various pathogens. In the present study, it is aimed to reveal the age-related changes in the expression of ICAM-1 on rats. Therefore, a total of 30 albino rats were taken at the age of 6, 18 and 24 months without gender discrimination. Rats were fed with standard pellet feed during the study. Afterwards, rats were sacrificed and tissue samples were collected from their rats, and the samples were evaluated under the light microscope by staining with immnunohistochemical method. It was determined that the expression of both aortic endothelial cells and endothelial cells in the media layer had been significantly increased based on the age.

ICAM-1, que se expresa en las células endoteliales y los leucocitos, se observan como primeros marcadores de enfermedades como el rechazo de trasplante, la diabetes y la aterosclerosis y en las infecciones causadas por diversos patógenos. En el presente estudio, se pretende revelar los cambios relacionados con la edad en la expresión de ICAM-1 en ratas. Un total de 30 ratas albinas fueron seleccionadas con edades de 6, 18 y 24 meses, sin discriminación de sexo. Durante el estudio se administró a las ratas alimentación estándar de pellets. Posteriormente, los animales fueron sacrificados y se recogieron muestras de sus tejidos, los cuales fueron teñidos para inmunohistoquímica y se evaluaron a través de microscopio óptico. Se determinó que la expresión tanto de células endoteliales aórticas como de células endoteliales de la capa media se incrementó significativamente en función de la edad.