We compared plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels among asymptomatic/"indeterminate" Chagas disease patients (ASY) and patients across the clinical spectrum of chronic Chagas disease cardiomyopathy (CCC). Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) patients and normal controls (NC) were included as controls. ASY Chagas disease patients had significantly higher plasma TNF-alpha levels than NC. TNF-alpha levels among severe CCC patients with significant left ventricular (LV) dysfunction were similar to those of DCM patients, showing average 2-fold higher levels than CCC patients without LV dysfunction and ASY patients, and 8-fold higher levels than NC. In Chagas disease, chronic TNF-a production prior to heart failure may play a role in CCC progression.

OBJECTIVE: To assess, in a prospective way, the experience with video-assisted pericardioscopy obtained in patients with pericardial effusion of unclear etiology in the preoperative period. METHODS: From January 1998 to June 2000, 20 patients were operated upon with the aid of video-assisted pericardioscopy. On echocardiography, 17 of these patients had significant pericardial effusion, and 3 had moderate pericardial effusion. Video-assisted pericardioscopy was performed through a small incision of the Marfan type. RESULTS: The diagnosis of pericardial effusion was established as follows: idiopathic in 9 (45%) patients, neoplastic in 4 (20%), resulting from hypothyroidism in 3 (15%), tuberculous in 2 (10%), due to cholesterol in 1 (5%), and chylopericardial in 1 (5%). The biopsy was positive in 30% of the patients, and the etiology could not be defined in 45% of the patients. CONCLUSION: Video-assisted pericardioscopy proved to be a method with low morbidity and a high index of diagnostic positivity. A high percentage of pericardial effusions are caused by viral infections, which are not diagnosed through current methods, being, therefore, classified as idiopathic.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze clinical and histologic findings of 50 patients with primary neoplams of the heart in a tertiary referral center. METHODS: From 1980 to 1998, we retrospectively analyzed 50 patients, 32 of whom were females, whose ages ranged from 9 to 73 years (mean age = 44.16±18 years). RESULTS: Most tumors were located in the left side of the heart (72%), myxoma being the most common (84%) histologic type. The other histologic types found were as follows: fibroma (4%), lipoma (2%), rhabdomyosarcoma (2%), hemangioma (2%), sarcoma (2%), angiosarcoma (2%), and lymphoma (2%). Diagnosis was established by echocardiography in 94% of the cases. Clinical findings were as follows: dyspnea (36%), weight loss (20%), palpitations (18%), chest pain (16%), fever (8%), and arthralgia (6%). All patients with thromboembolic phenomena (10%) had left atrial myxoma. Approximately 20% of the patients were asymptomatic at the initial clinical assessment. CONCLUSION: Primary cardiac tumors are a rare entity with diverse clinical and histologic findings, requiring, therefore, a high level of clinical suspicion.

OBJETIVO: Identificar disfunções cardíacas precoces em pacientes assintomáticos com cardiomiopatia chagásica. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 38 indivíduos masculinos, sendo o grupo controle constituído de 20 indivíduos sedentários normais e o grupo Chagas de 18 pacientes assintomáticos, portadores da doença de Chagas, com eletrocardiograma alterado e fração de encurtamento (DD) normal ao ecocardiograma. Ambos os grupos foram submetidos à avaliação da capacidade funcional máxima, com medidas do consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2max), índice de pulso de oxigênio (PO2max), ventilação máxima (VE max), freqüência cardíaca máxima (FC max), e limiar anaeróbio do VO2max (LA-VO2). A função diastólica do ventrículo esquerdo foi avaliada pelo ecocardiograma convencional (ondas E e A além da relação E/A). RESULTADOS: Não ocorreram diferenças significativas entre os dois grupos em relação ao DD (p=0,212) e a idade média (p=0,060). Houve diferença significativa (p<0,001) em relação aos parâmetros VO2max, PO2max, VE max, FC max, LA-VO2, onda E e relação E/A. Não houve significância (p=0,520) em relação a onda A. CONCLUSÃO: O comprometimento na função ventricular pode contribuir para as diferenças acima mencionadas, como conseqüência de disfunção sistólica e diastólica.

PURPOSE: To identify early cardiac dysfunctions in asymptomatic patients with Chagas' cardiomyopathy. METHODS: We studied 38 male individuals: control group consisting of 20 sedentary normal individuals and Chagas' group, of 18 asymptomatic patients with Chagas' disease, with suggestive electrocardiographic alterations and normal fractional shortening (FS) on echocardiogram. Both groups were submitted to evaluation of the maximal functional capacity, with measurements of maximal O2 consumption (VO2max), O2-pulse rate (PO2max), maximal ventilation (VEmax), maximal heart rate (HRmax), and anaerobic threshold of the VO2max(VO2-AT). Left ventricular diastolic function was evaluated by conventional echocardiography (E wave, A wave and E/A ratio). RESULTS: No significant differences occurred between the two groups with regard to FS (p=0.212) and age means (p=0.060). The 2 groups were significantly different (p<0.001) regarding the parameters VO2max, PO2max, VEmax, HRmax and VO2-AT, E wave and E/A ratio. There was no difference (p=0.520) in A wave. CONCLUSION: Impaired ventricular function may account for the above mentioned differences, a consequence of both systolic and diastolic dysfunctions.