Resumo Cultivo e consumo de arroz ocorrem em grandes quantidades na Ásia, particularmente no Paquistão e na China. No entanto, vários estresses abióticos, especialmente de alta e baixa temperatura, provaram ser uma ameaça considerável para a produção de arroz, em última análise, riscos para a segurança alimentar. Para superar vários tipos de estresse abiótico, o priming de sementes está entre as abordagens eficazes que melhoram a germinação e o vigor de crescimento das sementes de arroz. Portanto, o presente estudo foi planejado para avaliar as modificações fisiológicas e bioquímicas em variedades de arroz chinês e paquistanês por Qiangdi 863, aparelho assistente biológico de crescimento com água nanotratada (NTW), Osmopriming cloreto de cálcio (CaCl2), peróxido de hidrogênio redox (H2O2) e priming hormonal por ácido salicílico (SA) em condições de estresse de temperatura. O experimento foi realizado em condições de delineamento inteiramente ao acaso. Cinco variedades de arroz, nomenclaturas como Zhongzoa 39 (variedade de arroz chinês), KSK 133, KS 282, Super basmati e PK 1121 aromático (variedade de arroz do Paquistão) foram semeadas sob baixa temperatura (LT) (17 ºC), temperatura ótima (OT) 27 ºC e condições de alta temperatura (HT) 37 ºC. O presente estudo indicou que nanocondicionamento foi o tratamento mais eficaz: aumento da porcentagem de energia de germinação (GEP) (96,1%, 100%, 100%), velocidade de germinação (SG) (27,2, 35,45, 37,1), porcentagem de germinação final (FGP) (98,2%, 99,1%, 99,4%), biomassa de peso seco de mudas (DWB) (0,1 g, 0,137 g, 0,14 g), conteúdo total de clorofila (0,502, 13,74, 15,21), enzimas antioxidantes superóxido dismutase (SOD) (3145, 2559, 3345 µg-1FWh- 1), catalase (CAT) (300, 366, 3243 µg-1FWh-1) e malondialdeído diminuído (MDA) (6,5, 12,2, 6,5 µmol g-1 FW) para as variedades de arroz Zhongzao 39 e KSK 133 sob baixo (LT + NTW), temperatura ótima (OP + NTW) e estresse de alta temperatura (HT + NTW). Portanto, o nanopriming é recomendado para lidar com as condições de estresse de alta e baixa temperatura, juntamente com a produtividade aprimorada do arroz.

Abstract A huge amount of rice cultivation and consumption occur in Asia particularly in Pakistan and China. However, multiple abiotic stresses especially high and low-temperature proved to be a substantial threat for rice production ultimately risks for food security. To overcome various types of abiotic stress; seed priming is among the effective approaches to improve the rice seed germination and growth vigor. Therefore, the present study was planned to evaluate physiological and biochemical modifications in Chinese and Pakistani rice varieties by Qiangdi 863 biological assistant growth apparatus nano treated water (NTW), Osmopriming Calcium chloride (CaCl2), redox priming hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hormonal priming by Salicylic acid (SA) under temperature stress conditions. The experiment was performed with completely randomize design conditions. Five rice varieties, nomenclature as Zhongzoa 39, (Chinese rice variety) KSK 133, KS 282, Super basmati and PK 1121 aromatic (Pakistani rice variety) were sown under low temperature (LT) (17ºC), optimal temperature (OT) 27ºC and high temperature (HT) 37ºC conditions. The present study indicated that nanopriming were the most effective treatments increased Germination Energy Percentage (GEP) (96.1, 100, 100%), Speed of Germination (SG) (27.2, 35.45, 37.1), Final Germination Percentage (FGP) (98.2, 99.1, 99.4%), Seedling Dry Weight Biomass (DWB) (0.1, 0.137, 0.14g), Total Chlorophyll Content (0.502, 13.74, 15.21), antioxidant enzymes Superoxide Dismutase (SOD)(3145, 2559, 3345 µg-1FWh-1), Catalase (CAT) (300, 366, 3243 µg-1FWh-1) and decreased Malondialdehyde (MDA) (6.5, 12.2, 6.5 µmol g-1 FW) for Zhongzao 39 and KSK 133 rice varieties under low (LT+NTW), optimal temperature (OP+NTW) and high temperature (HT+NTW) stress., Therefore, nano-priming is recommended to cope with the high and low-temperature stress conditions along with improved productivity of rice.

ABSTRACT Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are well-characterized in mice and rats, but little is known on their role in broiler chickens during acute heat stress (AHS). The aim of the present study was to estimate the change in TLR4 mRNA expression in the liver, kidney's pleen, heart, and small intestine of broiler chickens under AHS. A total of 240 healthy Arbor Acres (AA) broiler chickens were randomly divided into four groups: control group (22±1°C; 0h), HS2, HS5 and HS10 (38±1°C; 2h, 5h and 10h of heat stress, respectively). As AHS duration increased, TLR4 mRNA expression slightly decreased at HS2 and HS5, but was dramatically elevated in HS10 (p<0.001) compared with the control group in the small intestine, as well as in the spleen at HS2 (p=0.001) and HS10 (p<0.001). The mRNA expression levels of TLR4 significantly increased in the liver, heart, and kidneys (p<0.001) at HS10, and in the kidneys at HS5 (p=0.003). It is found that TLR4 mRNA expression at HS10 in different organs was significantly higher (p<0.001) compared with HS2 and HS5. The results of the present study suggest that AHS may modulate the functional responses of the liver, kidney, spleen, heart, and small intestine of broilers by regulating TLR4 mRNA expression.

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the epidemiology of paediatric hand injuries treated in emergency departments (EDs) in Foshan City, as well as to supply data for the development of preventive strategies in South China and similar developing areas. Methods: From July 2010 to June 2011, a multicentre study was prospectively designed and conducted in five large hospital EDs in Foshan. An anonymous questionnaire was specially designed for data collection. Results: A total of 317 (95.48%) subjects with paediatric hand injuries completed questionnaires within the one-year study period. Most subjects were injured at home or work (40.69% vs 36.60%). The majority of paediatric hand injuries occurred in daily activities (164, 51.74%) or were caused by crushing (144, 45.43%). There were significant statistical differences among age groups and places of occurrence (p < 0.05). Most subjects got their fingers injured (174, 54.89%). About 116 (36.59%) subjects were injured while at work and 106 (91.38%) subjects had medical insurance. About 59 (50.86%) subjects had < 0.5 year of job tenure. However, only less than half of the subjects (46.55%) had the related experience of safety training. Upon the occurrence of hand injuries, the subjects had been working for 4.49 ± 3.05 hours without rest. Among them, 19 (5.99%) subjects were younger than 16 years old and should not be employed, according to the Chinese labour law. Conclusions: Epidemiology data enhance our knowledge of paediatric hand injuries and facilitate prevention and treatment in the future, thus reducing loss of hand function as well as psychological and economic burden.

RESUMEN Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio fue investigar la epidemiología de las lesiones de mano pediátricas tratadas en departamentos de emergencias (DE) en la ciudad de Foshan, así como suministrar datos para el desarrollo de estrategias preventivas en el sur de China y áreas de desarrollo similar. Métodos: De julio de 2010 a junio de 2011 de junio, se diseñó y realizó prospectivamente un estudio multicéntrico en cinco DE hospitalarios mayores de Foshan. Un cuestionario anónimo fue especialmente diseñado para la recolección de datos. Resultados: Un total de 317 (95.48%) sujetos con lesiones de mano pediátricas completaron cuestionarios dentro del período de estudio de un año. La mayoría de los sujetos recibieron lesiones en el hogar o en el trabajo (40.69% vs 36.60%). La mayoría de las lesiones de mano pediátricas ocurrieron en actividades diarias (164, 51.74%) o fueron causadas por aplastamiento (144, 45.43%). Hubo diferencias estadísticas significativas entre los grupos por edad y los lugares de ocurrencia (p < 0.05). La mayoría de los sujetos se lesionaron los dedos (174, 54.89%). Alrededor de 116 (36.59%) sujetos resultaron heridos durante el trabajo y 106 (91.38%) sujetos tenían seguro médico. Alrededor de 59 (50.86%) sujetos tenían < 0.5 año de permanencia en el empleo. Sin embargo, sólo menos de la mitad de los sujetos (46.55%) tenían experiencia en relación con entrenamiento de seguridad. Cuando ocurrieron las lesiones en las manos, los sujetos habían estado trabajando por 4.49 ± 3.05 horas sin descanso. Entre ellos, 19 (5.99%) sujetos tenían menos de 16 años de edad, y no debían estar empleados de acuerdo con las leyes laborales en China. Conclusiones: Los datos epidemiológicos mejoran nuestro conocimiento sobre las lesiones de mano pediátricas, y facilitan la prevención y el tratamiento futuros, reduciendo así la pérdida de la función de la mano y la consiguiente carga psicológica y económica.

ABSTRACT Background: The aim of parapelvic cyst treatment is to have complete drainage of cyst fluid and prevent its further compression of the kidney and collective system. This study explores the efficacy and safety of surgical approaches with holmium laser ureteroscopic internal drainage in the treatment of parapelvic cyst. Methods: The compression effect of parapelvic cyst on the renal collective system was observed by rigid ureteroscope using retrograde ureteroscopic technology. With direct vision, the cyst wall on the obvious parapelvic compression site was cut. The diameter of the cyst wall cut was about 1 cm. The internal drainage was obtained by double-J tubes. When the cyst was in the inferior pole of kidney or where the rigid ureteroscope could not reach, a flexible ureteroscope was used. Results: In 28 cases of operation, 27 cases were successful. The cyst treatment time was eight to 40 minutes (average 26 minutes). During the operation, no massive haemorrhage, damage of nearby organ and ureter, or other complications happened. Time of follow-up was 10–72 months (average 39 months). The results of follow-up showed that in 22 cases, the cyst disappeared; the diameter of the cyst in four cases was reduced by more than half, and one case recurred. Conclusion: The treatment of parapelvic cyst by internal drainage operation using holmium laser and ureteroscopy was effective. The operation was safe with few complications.

RESUMEN Antecedentes: El objetivo del tratamiento de quiste parapélvico es lograr el drenaje completo del líquido del quiste y prevenir su compresión ulterior del riñón y el sistema colectivo. Este estudio explora la eficacia y seguridad de los abordajes quirúrgicos cn drenaje interno mediante ureteroscopia con láser de holmio en el tratamiento de quiste parapélvico. Métodos: El efecto de la compresión del quiste parapélvico del sistema colectivo renal fue observado mediante ureteroscopio rígido utilizando la tecnología ureteroscópica retrógrada. Con visión directa, la pared del quiste fue cortada en el sitio obvio de la compresión parapélvica. El diámetro de la pared del quiste cortada era alrededor de 1 cm. El drenaje interno se obtuvo con catéteres doble J. Cuando el quiste estaba en el polo inferior del riñón o donde no podía llegar el ureteroscopio rígido, se utilizaba un ureteroscopio flexible. Resultados: De 28 casos de operación, 27 casos tuvieron éxito. El tiempo de tratamiento del quiste fue de ocho a 40 minutos (un promedio de 26 minutos). Durante las operaciones, no hubo hemorragias masivas, daños de órganos y uréteres, u otras complicaciones. El tiempo de seguimiento fue de 10 a 72 meses (un promedio de 39 meses). Los resultados del seguimiento mostraron que en 22 casos, el quiste desapareció. En cuatro casos, el diámetro del quiste se redujo en más de la mitad, y reapareció en uno de los casos. Conclusión: El tratamiento de quiste parapélvico por operación de drenaje interno con láser de holmio y ureteroscopia fue eficaz. La operación fue segura con pocas complicaciones.

BACKGROUND: Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is a therapeutic challenge for clinicians. Augmentation pharmacotherapy is effective for TRD, but it is still unclear which augmentation agent is most efficacious. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of seven augmentation agents on TRD. METHODS:We did a multiple-treatments meta-analysis, accounting for both direct and indirect comparisons. PubMed, the Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Web of Science, Embase, CBM-disc, the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure and relevant websites (up to August 2013) were searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) about augmentation agents. The following terms were used: 'potentiation, 'augmentation', and 'adjunct' paired with 'depression' and 'resistant depression'. No language limitation was imposed. RESULTS: We systematically reviewed 12 RCTs (1 936 participants), which included seven augmentation agents: lithium, tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), atypical antipsychotics (AAPs), antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), buspirone, cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) and tri-iodothyronine (T3). The results revealed that T3 was more efficacious than lithium, TCAs, AAPs, AEDs, buspirone and CBT with odds ratios (ORs) of 1.58, 1.56, 1.51, 1.47, 1.77 and 1.25, respectively. ORs favoured CBT compared with lithium, TCAs, AAPs, AEDs and buspirone. Buspirone was the least efficacious of all the other augmentation agents tested. AAPs were significantly more acceptable than lithium, and CBT more than buspirone. T3 was slightly more acceptable than lithium, and CBT more than AAPs. CONCLUSION: T3 as an augmentation agent should be a clinician's first consideration instead of lithium in acute treatment for TRD. CBT might be a good augmentation agent in some communities. Buspirone should be a final option as an augmentation agent. Further research is needed, such as a well-designed, large-scale controlled trial, to support and draw definite conclusions.

Nontyphoidal Salmonella infections often present with self-limited gastroenteritis. Extraintestinal focal infections are uncommon but have high mortality and morbidity. Urinary tract infection caused by nontyphoidal Salmonella is usually associated with structural abnormalities of the urinary tract. Nephrocalcinosis and nephrolithiasis are the major risk factors. Although primary hyperparathyroidism has been reported to increase the risk of nephrocalcinosis and nephrolithiasis, little is known about the association between hyperparathyroidism and Salmonella urinary tract infection. We report the case of a 37-year old man who had a history of primary hyperparathyroidism and bilateral nephrocalcinosis and who developed urinary tract infection. Salmonella Group D was isolated from his urine specimen. Salmonella should be considered as a possible causality organism in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and nephrocalcinosis who develop urinary tract infection. These patients need to be aware of the potential risks associated with salmonellosis.

Las infecciones por Salmonella no tifoidea se presentan a menudo con gastroenteritis auto-limitada. Las infecciones extra-intestinales focales son poco frecuentes, pero tienen una alta mortalidad y morbilidad. La infección de las vías urinarias causada por la Salmonella no tifoidea se asocia generalmente a anomalías estructurales de las vías urinarias. La nefrocalcinosis y la nefrolitiasis son los principales factores de riesgo. Aunque se ha reportado que el hiperparatiroidismo primario aumenta el riesgo de la nefrocalcinosis y la nefrolitiasis, poco se sabe sobre la asociación entre el hiperparatiroidismo y la infección de las vías urinarias por Salmonella. Damos a conocer aquí el caso de un hombre de 37 años con una historia de hiperparatiroidismo primario y nefrocalcinosis bilateral, que desarrolló una infección de las vías urinarias. La Salmonella del grupo D fue aislada de su muestra de orina. La Salmonella se debe considerar como un posible organismo de causalidad en pacientes con hiperparatiroidismo primario y nefrocalcinosis que desarrollan infección del tracto urinario. Estos pacientes necesitan tomar conciencia de los riesgos potenciales asociados con la salmonellosis.