Abstract A series of mesoporous materials supported ionic liquids were prepared and tested as effective and practical catalysts for the synthesis of 2,4,5-triaryl-1H-imidazoles. The effects of type of catalysts, catalyst amount, and catalyst stability have also been investigated in detail, the catalyst Ti-SBA-15@ILTsO exhibited excellent activity in excellent yields of 92 % ~ 99 % with low catalyst amount at room temperature within 1 h. In addition, the supported ionic liquid can be easily recovered and reused for six times with satisfactory catalytic activity. Furthermore, a general synergetic catalytic mechanism for the reaction was proposed. Maybe this work employing Ti-SBA-15@ILTsO as highly efficient and stable catalyst for the synthesis of 2,4,5-triaryl-1H-imidazoles has potential commercial applications.

Resumen Se prepararon y probaron una serie de materiales mesoporosos soportados con líquidos iónicos como catalizadores eficaces y prácticos para la síntesis de 2,4,5-triaryl-1H-imidazoles. También se investigaron en detalle los efectos del tipo de catalizadores, la cantidad de catalizador y la estabilidad del catalizador. El catalizador Ti-SBA-15@ILTsO mostró una excelente actividad con rendimientos excelentes del 92 % ~ 99% con una baja cantidad de catalizador a temperatura ambiente en 1 h. Además, el líquido iónico soportado puede recuperarse fácilmente y reutilizarse durante seis veces con una actividad catalítica satisfactoria. Por otro lado, se propuso un mecanismo catalítico sinérgico general para la reacción. Este trabajo que emplea Ti-SBA-15@ILTsO como catalizador altamente eficiente y estable para la síntesis de 2,4,5-triaril-1H-imidazoles puede tener aplicaciones potencialmente comerciales.

Abstract A novel type of multifunctional nanocatalysts (La-/Sm-PMO-ILCl) based on the immobilization of benzotriazolium ionic liquid and further incorporation of samarium acetate or lanthanum acetate onto periodic mesoporous organosilica were afforded for the cycloaddition of CO2 and epoxides to produce cyclic carbonates. In consequence of the intramolecular synergistic effect between samarium sites of periodic mesoporous organosilica and homogeneously dispersed basic sites of ionic liquid, the powerful catalyst Sm-PMO-ILCl offered superior catalytic performance with ultra high yields and selectivities in the cycloaddition reaction without the addition of any solvent and cocatalyst. Moreover, the catalyst Sm-PMO-ILCl could be easily recovered by filtration and reused for at least five runs without any significant loss of its catalytic activity.

Resumen Se prepararon nuevos nano catalizadores (La-(Sm-PMO-ILC1) por la vía de inmovilización del líquido iónico benzotriazolium y adición se acetato de samario o acetato de lantano en organosilice mesoporosa. Los catalizadores se evaluaron en la ciclo adición de CO2 y epóxidos para producir carbonatos cíclicos. El efecto sinérgico intramolecular entre los sitios de samario de la organosilice y los sitios básicos del líquido iónico homogéneamente distribuidos inducen una alta actividad catalítica en el catalizador Sm-PMO-ILC1. Así, con este catalizador se obtuvo alta conversión y selectividad en la reacción de ciclo adición, sin agregar solvente ni co-catalizador. Además, el catalizador Sm-PMO-ILC1 podría recuperarse fácilmente por filtración y reusado por al menos 5 corridas sin pérdida significativa de su actividad catalítica.

Abstract. 3-Alkylindoles have been prepared in 91~99% excellent yields by alkylation of indoles with epoxides or alcohols catalyzed by the recyclable heteropoly acid based supported functionalized ionic liquid H2PMo12O40-NMPIL@SiO2 under heterogeneous catalysis at room temperature. The influence of various reaction parameters including catalyst selection, catalyst amount, reaction time, solvent, and reaction temperature were studied. The heterogeneous supported catalyst was easily recoverable by filtration, and could be used for six consecutive runs without significant loss in catalytic activity. This study demonstrated a green and highly efficient chemistry technology in the preparation of 3-alkylindoles.

Resumen La alquilación de indoles con epóxidos o alcoholes permite la preparación de 3-alquilindoles con rendimientos que van del 91 al 99% de rendimiento empleando el líquido iónico H2PMo12O40-NMPIL@SiO2 en condiciones heterogéneas a temperatura ambiente. Se estudió la influencia de varios parámetros de reacción como la selección del catalizador, la cantidad de este, el tiempo de reacción, el disolvente usado y la temperatura de reacción. El catalizador heterogéneo se recupera por filtración y puede emplearse seis veces consecutivas sin pérdida significativa de su capacidad catalítica. Esta es una muestra de una tecnología verde y eficiente para la preparación de 3-alquilidoles.

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the mechanisms by which PD98059 and LY294002 interfere with the abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix regulated by connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) of rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Methods: Rat PASMCs were cultured and separated into a control group. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was performed to detect the expression of collagen III and fibronectin mRNA. Immunohistochemistry and western blot analyses were performed to detect the expression of collagen III protein. Results: The expression of collagen III and fibronectin mRNA was greater in PASMCs stimulated with CTGF for 48 h, than in the control group. After 72h of stimulation, the expression of collagen III protein in the PASMCs was greater than in the control. The equivalent gene and protein expression of the CPL group were much more significant. Conclusions: CTGF can stimulate the gene expression of collagen III and fibronectin in PASMCs, which may be one of the factors that promote pulmonary vascular remodeling (PVR) under the conditions of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). PD98059 and LY294002 can inhibit the ERK1/2 and PI3K/PKB signaling pathways, respectively, thus interfering with the biological effects of CTGF. This may be a new way to reduce PAH-PVR.

Abstract: A series of silica supported functionalized ionic liquid catalysts have been prepared and tested in the hydroxylation of aromatics to phenols with H2O2 under solvent-free conditions. The properties of the heterogeneous catalytic system were studied by tuning various reaction parameters including selection of catalyst, amount of the catalyst, influences of reaction time and temperature. Among the catalysts, CuCl3-IL-SiO2 exhibited the highest efficiency in the hydroxylation of aromatics to phenols under the optimized condition along with good recycle performance.

Resumen: Se preparó una serie de catalizadores del tipo líquido iónico funcionalizado soportado en sílice que se probaron en la hidroxilación con H2O2 de compuestos aromáticos a fenoles bajo condiciones libres de disolvente. Se estudiaron las propiedades del sistema catalítico heterogéneo modificando varios parámetros de reacción como tipo y cantidad de catalizador, influencia en el tiempo de reacción y temperatura. Entre los catalizadores, CuCl3-IL-SiO2, presenta la mayor eficiencia en la hidroxilación de compuestos aromáticos a fenoles bajo las condiciones optimizadas así como un buen reciclado.

Reaction of aromatic hydrocarbons catalyzed by a novel catalytic system consisting of zinc chloride, acetic acid, sulfuric acid and PEG-800 in aqueous media under PTC conditions results in chloromethylation in good to excellent yield.