ABSTRACT Obesity is a common chronic disorder and has detrimental long-term consequences if left untreated. Herein, we report a case of a young lady who suffered from morbid obesity and many of its consequences, and we present a literature review of these complications. While the cause of obesity is multifactorial, the genetic component is particularly important in the pathophysiology of marked obesity. Resistance to Leptin is considered one of the main causes of obesity. There is a unique relationship between polycystic ovary syndrome and obesity, as observed in our case. Obesity is associated with cardiovascular and lung diseases such as heart failure, thromboembolic disease, sleep apnea, and pulmonary hypertension. Our patient had cardiomegaly (730 gm) with eccentric hypertrophy of left and right ventricles. The coronary arteries and aorta were free of atherosclerosis, which is a surprising finding that relates to the mysterious phenomenon of obesity paradox. The terminal event in our young woman was multiple segmental and subsegmental pulmonary arterial thrombi/thromboemboli superimposed on chronic cardiopulmonary stress due to massive obesity.

During the Battle of Sidi Rezegh on 23 November 1941, a large number of volunteers from the Union Defence Force (UDF) was taken prisoner by Axis forces. Between 2 000 and 2 500 of these men were transported to Italy on board the San Sebastian, an Italian cargo ship, which was torpedoed by HMS Porpoise on 12 December 1941. Following the attack, the San Sebastian ran aground on the Greek shore where Italian forces awaited the captives. The article places the San Sebastian incident in context by looking at the experience of battle and capture, as well as initial perceptions among prisoners-of-war (POWs) of their Italian captors. The behaviour of the Italian captain and many crew members led to a general sense of antagonism towards the Italians. The torpedoing of the ship and the increasing abhorrence towards their captors greatly influenced the way these POWs approached the remaining time in captivity, yet the individual responses from POWs prohibits simplified interpretations of the event. Relying on first-hand accounts provided by former POWs, memoirs and archival documents, this article presents an analysis of the different responses to the incident. Examples of conflict and cooperation between captives and captors are highlighted, as are cases of self-preservation, reprisal and aid to fellow POWs.

Tydens die slag van Sidi Rezegh op 23 Desember 1941 is 'n groot aantal vrywilligers van die Unie-Verdedigingsmag gevange geneem deur magte van die Spilmoondhede. Tussen 2 000 en 2 500 van hierdie mans is na Italië vervoer op die San Sebastian, 'n Italiaanse vragskip, wat op 12 Desember 1941 deur the HMS Porpoise getorpedeer is. Na die aanval het die San Sebastian op die Griekse kus gestrand waar Italiaanse magte die krygsgevangnes ingewag het. Die artikel plaas die San Sebastian-insident in konteks deur die ervaring van die veldslag en gevangeneming asook die aanvanklike persepsies onder die krygsgevangenes oor hul Italiaanse gevangenemers, onder die loep te neem. Die optrede van die Italiaanse kaptein en baie bemanningslede het gelei tot 'n algemene gevoel van antagonisme teenoor die Italianers. Die torpedoaanval en die toenemende afsku teenoor hul gevangenemers het die wyse waarop die krygsgevangenes die oorblywende tyd in aanhouding benader het, grootliks beïnvloed, tog verhoed individuele reaksies onder krygsgevangnes 'n vereenvoudigde interpretasie van die gebeure. Deur staat te maak op persoonlike getuienisse van voormalige krygsgevangenes, memoirs en argivale bewysstukke, lewer die artikel 'n analise van die verskillende reaksies op die insident. Voorbeelde van konflik en samewerking tussen gevangenes en gevangenemers word beklemtoon, asook gevalle van selfbehoud, vergelding en hulp aan mede-krygsgevangenes.

Historical terms have a tendency to be "mobile" in terms of geographical space and historical time. The presentation of historical terms by means of a mobile dictionary enabling university students to access such terms by means of a smartphone, tablet or laptop adds to the dimension of mobility. The article describes the continuous change in meaning of historical concepts over time and space with reference to democracy and nationalism, which are known as substantive concepts. An analysis of the emergence and development of these concepts within different historical contexts indicates the extent to which static definitions are inadequate with regard to fostering historical understanding. A tendency to continuous change in the meaning of the above-mentioned terms has important implications for the compilation of a Language for Specific Purposes (LSP) dictionary of historical terms at university level, and for the consequences thereof for mobile LSP lexicography. The LSP dictionary called MobiLex has a pedagogical purpose and changes in the design and features of the dictionary to enhance teaching and learning of historical terms have pedagogical consequences regarding the learning of such terms. In an ever-changing environment, adaptions to mobile lexicography would be possible with the advancement of technology. Trends and development in technology offer the possibility of changing the face of lexicographical support in a mobile environment, motivated from a pedagogical theoretical point of view.

The focus of this paper is on the use of oral history in the classroom and it aims to suggest a method in which oral history recordings and transcriptions may be used to enhance historical understanding among learners by making historical context clear. Firstly, the paper gives background information on the historical research which was largely based on the oral testimony of World War Two veterans and former prisoners-of-war. This theme serves as an example theme for history lessons in especially the Senior Phase classroom as preparation for the FET-phase classroom. Secondly the paper looks at ways in which these sources can be used in the classroom. By using oral sources it is hoped that learners and teachers may move beyond the so-called "hard" forms of historical knowledge, in other words the facts or content knowledge and gain insight into historical significance through the context which oral sources are able to uncover. The paper concludes with ideas and example questions on how students' interest in the past can be enhanced as they confront oral testimony, thereby increasing their appreciation for the past as well as their respect for those who experienced the historical events first hand. The use of oral history in the classroom reveals students' misunderstandings of the past and may help educators to address the specific problems of comprehension. Several examples of such cases are mentioned in the paper, including instances where linguistic skills and critical thinking skills may be potentially improved. Apart from creating awareness of historical context, the use of oral testimony has the potential to broaden vocabulary and develop students' critical thinking skills when, through oral history, they investigate issues of historical accuracy, diverse perspectives and employ the research skills historians regularly use, including communication, analysis and evaluation.

ABSTRACT South African prisoners of war (POWs) captured at Tobruk in June 1942 experienced similar events and conditions. All shared a feeling of shock at becoming POWs and all of them had to deal with extremely difficult living conditions in prison camps. Attitudes towards their enemies, German or Italian, were for the most part very similar among POWs, although differences can to an extent be ascribed to the home language or family ancestry of the specific POW in question. On the other hand, attitudes towards fellow POWs, especially between black and white, cannot be generalised, and each case needs to be assessed individually. Characteristics unique to South African POWs are even more difficult to identify because the South Africa forces were a very diverse group, with the only distinguishing factor being that of language. When discerning between the general experience and the individual experiences, it is important to separate the circumstances from the POWs reactions to those circumstances, because the circumstances represent the general experience and the reaction to such situations represents the individual experience.

OPSOMMING Die Suid-Afrikaners wat in Junie 1942 tydens die val van Tobruk gevange geneem is, het almal gelyksoortige ervarings en omstandighede beleef. Elkeen het die skok van gevangeneming ervaar en almal moes in haglike omstandighede in gevangekampe oorleef. Die krygsgevangenes se houding teenoor die vyand, Duits of Italiaans, was oor die algemeen redelik vergelykbaar. Die onderskeid wat daar wel was, kan tot 'n mate toegeskryf word aan die verskil in huistaal en familie-afkoms tussen die spesifieke krygsgevanges. Wat die verhoudinge tussen krygsgevanges betref, veral tussen wit en swart, kan geen veralgemenings gemaak word nie en elke geval moet individueel ondersoek word. Omdat die Suid-Afrikaners so 'n diverse groep was, met taal een van die min onderskeidende faktore, is dit besonder moeilik om eienskappe te identifiseer wat uniek was aan hulle. Wanneer daar tussen die algemene en individuele ervaring onderskei word, is dit belangrik om 'n onderskeid te tref tussen die omstandighede en die reaksies op die omstandighede omdat die omstandighede die algemene ervaring verteenwoordig terwyl die reaksie daarop die individuele ervaring verteenwoordig.

While the Anglo-Boer War was raging in South Africa, another war was being fought between two newspaper editors in Scotland. The so-called pro-Boer editor of the Edinburgh Evening News and the Unionist editor of The Scotsman faced each other across a battleground littered with sarcasm, misunderstandings, misinterpretations of terms and a stubbornness which prevented the two editors from providing an accurate picture of the war and further confusing the already muddled understandings of terms such as patriotism, imperialism and liberalism. Although both editors confronted important issues such as Black Week and the Scorched Earth Policy, it is clear that these topics were used merely as a cover for matters such as loyalty and patriotism towards the British Empire. When The Scotsman accused the Edinburgh Evening News of being pro-Boer, the editor of the Edinburgh Evening News firmly rejected the allegation as unwarranted; however, the News' continued anti-war stance seemed only to confirm its pro-Boer status among readers and unionist newspapers such as The Scotsman. By comparing the two different editorial approaches, the article attempts to indicate the extent to which a major event such as the Anglo-Boer War emphasized ideas of Scottish national identity, and the role the Scottish press played in this ongoing debate.

Terwyl die Anglo-Boereoorlog in Suid-Afrika gewoed het, het 'n ander oorlog tussen twee koerantredakteurs in Skotland afgespeel. Die sogenaamde pro-Boer redakteur van die Edinburgh Evening News en die redakteur van The Scotsman, wat 'n Unionistiese benadering ondersteun het, het mekaar die stryd aangesê op 'n slagveld bestrooi met sarkasme, misverstande en misleidende interpretasies van terme. Die hardkoppigheid van beide redakteurs het verder verhoed dat hulle 'n akkurate beeld van die oorlog kon gee, wat weer daartoe bygedra het dat nog misverstande oor terme soos patriotisme, imperialisme en liberalisme ontstaan het. Hoewel beide redakteurs belangrike gebeure soos Swart Week en die Verskroeide Aarde Beleid aangeroer het, is dit duidelik dat die insidente bloot gebruik is om sake soos lojaliteit en patriotisme jeens die Britse Ryk aan te spreek. Die Edinburgh Evening News het The Scotsman se bewering dat eersgenoemde pro-Boer is, op ondubbelsinnige wyse as ongegrond verwerp, maar wel volgehou met uitsprake wat dit duidelik gemaak het dat die Edinburgh Evening News anti-oorlogsgesind was. Koerante soos The Scotsman het dus die redaksionele standpunt van die Edinburgh Evening News as bevestiging van sy pro-Boer status beskou. Deur die benadering van die twee redakteurs aan die hand van hulle hoofartikels te vergelyk, poog hierdie artikel om vas te stel tot watter mate die oorlog in Suid-Afrika idees oor Skotse nasionale identiteit beïnvloed het, asook watter rol die Skotse perswese in dié voortslepende debat gespeel het.