RESUMO: Physalis ixocarpa Brot. (tomatillo ou tomate de cáscara) é um dos cinco principais vegetais cultivados no México, mas seu rendimento no campo é baixo. No entanto, as culturas em estufa e o aumento da densidade das plantas podem promover um aumento no rendimento por área. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar: rendimento, consumo de água e eficiência no uso da água do tomate de casca de variedade ‘Diamante’. O experimento foi conduzido em condições de campo e casa de vegetação, durante os dois ciclos de cultivo (outono-inverno e primavera-verão), com diferentes densidades de plantio (1,5, 2 e 3 plantas m-2), em blocos aleatórios completos e três replicações. O rendimento foi influenciado pela densidade e pelos ambientes de plantio. Nos dois ambientes, a densidade de plantio, com três plantas m-2, aumentou a produtividade em 32% e em 25% na eficiência no uso da água (WUE). Em casa de vegetação aumentou 32% do rendimento m-2 e o WUE foi de 18,1 kg m-3, enquanto no campo foi de 16,4 kg m-3. O ciclo da safra primavera-verão produziu diferenças de 27% no comprimento das plantas e 15% no diâmetro do caule, provavelmente devido à temperatura 4 ºC maior em relação ao outono-inverno.

ABSTRACT: Physalis ixocarpa Brot. (tomatillo or Husk tomato) is one of the five major vegetables cultivated in Mexico, but its yield in the field is low. However, greenhouse crops and the enhancement in plant density can promote an increase in yield per area. The aim of this research was to evaluate: yield, water consumption and water use efficiency of variety husk tomato ‘Diamante’. The experiment was conducted under field and greenhouse conditions, during the two crop cycles (autumn-winter and spring-summer), with different planting densities (1.5, 2 and 3 plants m-2), in complete random blocks and three replications. The yield was influenced by the planting density and environments. In both environments, the planting density, with 3 plants m-2 increased yield 32 %, and 25% in water use efficiency (WUE). In greenhouse increased 32% yield m-2 and the WUE it was 18.1 kg m-3 while in the field was 16.4 kg m-3. Crop cycle spring-summer produced differences of 27% in plant length and 15% in stem diameter, probably due to the temperature that was 4 ºC higher with respect to autumn-winter.

RESUMO: Oaxaca é umas das regiões de maior diversidade de espécies de pimentas do México. Os agricultores selecionam sementes da maneira tradicional; informações sobre sua qualidade são desconhecidas. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi comparar a qualidade física e fisiológica de sementes e mudas de três tipos nativos de pimenta (Huacle, De Agua e Pasilla) e pimenta verde comercial como controle. Quinze variáveis foram avaliadas em sementes e doze em mudas. As experiências de laboratório foram estabelecidas sob um delineamento inteiramente casualizado. As médias das variáveis foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (α=0.05). Os resultados mostraram que o Pasilla apresentou os maiores valores em tamanho e peso de sementes, 1,44 g mais pesado que o controle e 2,09 a 3,73 g maior que os demais tipos de pimenta nativa. A pimenta Huacle e a pimenta verde tiveram 90% de germinação de 90%, enquanto que De Agua e Pasilla foi de 51 e 38%, respectivamente. A pimienta Huacle apresentou os maiores índices de taxa de germinação (29,89) e de vigor de plântulas (992,25). Os maiores valores máximos no número de mudas normais foram obtidos no controle e na pimenta Huacle (72 e 88%). Além disso, este último apresentou os maiores valores de plúmula (3,36 cm) e radícula (7,67 cm). As mudas do Huacle e Pasilla apresentaram maiores valores em altura, espessura do caule, número de folhas, área foliar e índice de esbelto em relação à pimenta, De agua e ao controle. O Huacle apresentou boa qualidade física e fisiológica, semelhante às sementes da pimentão comercial.

ABSTRACT: The diversity of chilis in Oaxaca is one of the most extensive in Mexico. Growers select seeds in the traditional manner; information on its quality is unknown. The aim of this research was to compare the physical and physiological quality of seeds and seedlings of three native types to chili (Huacle, De agua and Pasilla) and of the commercial Green pepper as control. Fifteen variables were evaluated in seed and twelve in seedlings. The laboratory experiments were established under a completely randomized design. Means of the variables were compared using the Tukey test (α=0.05). Results showed that Pasilla chili had the highest values in seed size and weight, which was 1.44 g heavier than the control and 2.09 to 3.73 g higher than native types. Haucle chili and green pepper had a 90% germination rate, while chili De agua and Pasilla chili had germination rates of 51 and 38%, respectively. Huacle chili had the highest germination rate index (29.89) and seedling vigor index (992.25). The top highest values of number of normal seedlings were obtained in the control and Huacle chili seedlings (72 and 88%); also, the latter had the longest plumule (3.36 cm) and radicle (7.67 cm) values. Both Huacle and Pasilla chili seedlings had larger values in height, stem thickness, number of leaves, leaf area and slenderness index than De agua and Green pepper. Huacle chili had good physical and physiological quality similar to the seeds of the commercial Green pepper.

ABSTRACT The Huacle chili (Capsicum annuum L.) is an endemic vegetable from Oaxaca, Mexico with low yield. The objective of this study was to evaluate three concentrations of Steiner solution: 10, 15 and 20 meq L-1 in the morphometric characteristics of fruits and in the quality of Huacle chili seeds, important parameters for the production and conservation of the species. The experiment was carried out in macro tunnel with polyethylene cover and 30% shade mesh. A completely random design with 50 repetitions per treatment was used, the experimental unit was one plant per 20 L polyethylene bag with agrolita® substrate. The variables evaluated in fruit: dry weight, length, width, thickness of pericarp. In seeds: weight and number of seeds, area, length, width, weight of 1,000 seeds, moisture content, viability, percentage of germination and accelerated aging. The characteristics in the fruit and seeds of the Huacle chili were statistically higher (P < 0,05) with the applica tion to the plants of the Steiner solution of 20 meq L-1. Fruits with higher dry weight (5,56 g), length (7,1 cm) and width (4,21 cm). Likewise, the seeds were of greater physical and physiological quality, showing an area of 15,9 mm2, length of 4,9 mm, 6,19 g in the weight of 1,000 seeds, seedlings with the largest radicle (5,02 cm), 96% viability and germination. In all three treatments, the accelerated aging of the seeds was 80% germination, a desirable characteristic for the reproduction and conservation of the species.

RESUMEN El chile huacle (Capsicum annuum L.) es una hortaliza endémica de Oaxaca, México con bajo rendimiento. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar tres concentraciones de solución Steiner: 10, 15 y 20 meq L-1 en las características morfométricas de frutos y en la calidad de las semillas del chile huacle, parámetros importantes para la producción y conservación de las especies. El experimento se llevó a cabo en macrotúnel con cubierta de polietileno y malla sombra al 30%. Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar con 50 repeticiones por tratamiento, la unidad experimental fue una planta por bolsa de polietileno de 20 L con sustrato de agrolita®. Las variables evaluadas en fruto fueron: peso seco, largo, ancho, grosor de pericarpio. En semillas: peso y número de semillas, área, largo, ancho, peso de 1000 semillas, contenido de humedad, viabilidad, porcentaje de germinación y envejecimiento acelerado. Las características en el fruto y semillas del chile huacle fueron estadísticamente mayores (P < 0,05) con la aplicación a las plantas de la solución Steiner de 20 meq L-1. Se produjeron frutos con mayor peso seco (5,56 g), largo (7,1 cm) y ancho (4,21 cm). Asimismo, las semillas fueron de mayor calidad física y fisiológica, mostrando un área de 15,9 mm2, largo de 4,9 mm, 6,19 g en el peso de 1,000 semillas, plántulas con la radícula de mayor tamaño (5,02 cm), 96% de viabilidad y germinación. En los tres tratamientos, el envejecimiento acelerado de las semillas fue del 80% de germinación, característica deseable para la reproducción y conservación de la especie.

Abstract: Background: Agave potatorum reproduces mainly through seeds is widely collected for the mezcal production, and there is currently a marked decrease in their wild populations. Therefore, to contribute to its sustainable use, it is important to characterize the morphology of its seeds and to know their germinative characteristics. Research question: Do the year and the collection site have an effect on the size, color, viability and germination capacity of Agave potatorum seeds? Species studied: Agave potatorum Zucc. Study site and period of research: Seeds of Agave potatorum were collected in Oaxaca, Mexico: Miahuatlán (MIAH), in 2014; Coixtlahuaca (COIX), in 2015; and Zaachila (ZAA), in 2015 and 2016. Methods: For the seeds, we analyzed four physical descriptors, five color coordinates, and nine germination variables. We used a completely randomized design with four replications (100 seeds). An analysis of variance, a comparison of means, and a linear correlation analysis were performed. Results: We found that the ZAA16 seeds showed the highest values (P < 0.05) for weight and size, and for the luminosity coordinate (L*, 15.2). Color coordinate values revealed a black color of the seeds, which significantly diminished in luminosity with seeds age and varied with their origin. The coordinate L* was correlated significantly with the total dry weight of seedlings and seed volume. Conclusions: Agave potatorum seeds significantly changed their physical dimensions and germination capacity according to their origin. The luminosity of the black color of seeds decreased with seed age and was correlated with seed volume and seedling total dry weight.

Resumen: Antecedentes: El Agave potatorum se reproduce principalmente por semilla, se recolecta ampliamente para producir mezcal y sus poblaciones silvestres están reduciéndose. Por ello, para contribuir a su utilización sustentable es importante caracterizar sus semillas, en términos de morfología y características germinativas. Pregunta: ¿El año y el sitio de colecta afectan el tamaño, el color, la viabilidad y la capacidad de germinación de las semillas de Agave potatorum? Especie estudiada: Agave potatorum Zucc. Sitio de estudio y fecha: Las semillas se colectaron en Oaxaca, México: Miahuatlán (MIAH), en 2014, Coixtlahuaca (COIX), en 2015) y Zaachila (ZAA), en 2015 y 2016. Métodos: Se evaluaron cuatro descriptores físicos de semilla, cinco coordenadas de color y nueve variables de la germinación. Se empleó un diseño completamente al azar con cuatro repeticiones de 100 semillas. Los resultados se sometieron a análisis de varianza, comparación de medias (Tukey, P < 0.05) y correlación lineal. Resultados: Las semillas de ZAA16 mostraron los valores más altos (P < 0.05) de peso, tamaño y luminosidad. Las coordenadas de color revelaron el color negro de las semillas, del cual disminuyó significativamente su luminosidad con la edad y con el área de colecta. La luminosidad de la semilla correlacionó significativamente con peso seco total de plántula y volumen de semilla. Conclusiones: Las semillas de Agave potatorum cambiaron sus dimensiones físicas y capacidad germinativa según su origen. La luminosidad del color de las semillas disminuyó con su edad y correlacionó con volumen de semilla y peso seco total de plántula.

Abstract Chagas disease is a chronic parasitological disease, which could cause cardiac manifestations in approximately one-third of affected individuals. Benznidazole and nifurtimox are used to treat this parasitological infection caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. Conventionally, the criterion for cure is consistently negative serological tests after treatment. We report a case of a patient who was treated when she was 13 years old and achieved T. cruzi negative seroconversion but developed Chagas disease cardiomyopathy as an adult.

RESUMO: A Physalis ixocarpa (Tomate de cáscara) é cultivada tradicionalmente no México. Entretanto, sua produtividade de frutos é considerada baixa. Neste estudo, avaliou-se quatro cultivares de Physalis ixocarpa cultivadas em ambiente protegido e a céu aberto. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso no esquema de parcelas subdivididas com arranjo fatorial 2x4. Foi alocado na parcela principal o fator ambiente de cultivo e na subparcela o fator cultivar. Foram analisadas variáveis climáticas de solo e a produtividade de frutos. A radiação fotossinteticamente ativa integrada (RFAI) no ambiente a céu aberto foi maior em 12mol m-2 dia-1, em relação ao ambiente protegido. A temperatura média foi ligeiramente maior em 1,18oC no ambiente protegido e a umidade relativa foi ligeiramente maior em 0,89% a céu aberto. Os valores negativos do potencial mátrico do solo foram mais baixos no ambiente protegido. O consumo e a eficiência do uso da água foram, respectivamente, 10,31 e 54,43% maiores no ambiente protegido, em relação ao ambiente a céu aberto. O número e a produtividade de frutos incrementaram, significativamente, em todas as variedades avaliadas nas condições de ambiente protegido.

ABSTRACT: Physalis ixocarpa (husk tomato) is traditionally cultivated in Mexico, and nowadays the yield is low. In this study, four cultivars of husk tomato were evaluated, under greenhouse and field conditions. It was carried out a split-plot experimental design in a 4x2 factorial arrangement. The large plot was the growth conditions and the small plot was the variety. The microclimate, soil and yield variables were recorded. In the field, the Integrated Photosynthetic Active Radiation (IPAR) was higher 12mol m-2 d-1 than in the greenhouse. The average temperature was slightly higher 1.18°C in the greenhouse and the average relative humidity was slightly higher 0.89% in the field. Plants grown in the greenhouse had lower negative values for the matric potential of the soil. Water consumption and water use efficiency were 10.31 and 53.43% higher in the greenhouse that in the field, respectively. The number of fruits and yield increased significantly in all varieties grown under greenhouse conditions.

ABSTRACT The objective of this work is to analyze the process of establishing a community committee and its involvement to improve en-vironmental conditions under a logic of collective action in San José Chiltepec, Oaxaca, Mexico; where a problem of supply of drinking water and contamination in surface waters exists. To this end, the community was involved in improving its environmental situation through participatory workshops. The main results show that voluntary collective conservation action has contributed to the establishment of a local committee, deriving from this, the design of an internal decree to regulate actions aimed at the sanitation of water sources; and the validation of the document before the community assembly. The committee is presented as a success story due to the degree of local participation, but it requires strengthening capacities and institutional support to achieve continuity and scaling at the regional level.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el proceso del establecimiento de un comité comunitario y su involucramiento para mejorar las condiciones ambientales bajo una lógica de acción colectiva en San José Chiltepec, Oaxaca, México; donde existe un problema de abastecimiento de agua potable y contaminación en aguas superficiales. Para este fin, se involucró a la comunidad en la mejora de su situación ambiental mediante talleres participativos. Los principales resultados muestran que la acción colectiva voluntaria de conservación ha contribuido el establecimiento de un comité local, derivando de ello, el diseño de un reglamento interno para normar acciones orientadas al saneamiento de las fuentes de agua; y la validación del documento ante la asamblea comunitaria. El comité se presenta como un caso de éxito por el grado de participación local, pero requiere fortalecer capacidades y un acompañamiento institucional para lograr la continuidad y escalamiento a nivel regional.

Portosystemic shunts are rare vascularization disorders, and an uncommon cause of confusional states. We report an 87-year-old male with a previously normal cognitive status who was repeatedly admitted for sudden symptoms of disorientation and functional limitation. The patient had high ammonium levels which lead to the suspicion of the presence a portosystemic shunt, even in the absence of pre-existing liver disease. A contrast enhanced computed tomography of the abdomen confirmed the presence an abnormal communication of the right portal vein with the suprahepatic veins. The communication was embolized and the confusional states of the patient subsided.

Background: the education of the hypertensive patient and the health team are important elements for the better control of arterial hypertension. Objective: increasing controlled patients to 70 %. Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental epidemiologic study was carried out. The intervention was headed to family physicians, basic work teams, the community and hypertensive patients. Two samples were chosen (350 different hypertensive patients), before and after interventions, applying interviews, measuring with results comparisons, statistical tests: Chi2, Odds ratio and P value. Outcomes: The controlled hypertensive patients and treatment adherence increased, with significant statistical differences, p<0.05. There were not differences between the five most used medications. In the post-intervention period, treatment adherence, low salt and fat diet, fruits and vegetables consumption, and no smoking showed significant statistic association with controlled hypertensive patients. The average diastolic and systolic pressure and complications decreased, with significant statistical differences p<0.05. Conclusions: The controlled hypertensive patients increased and the life quality of the hypertensive patients improved.

Introducción: la educación del hipertenso y del equipo de salud son elementos primordiales para el mejor control de la hipertensión arterial. Objetivo: elevar los pacientes controlados al 70 %. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio epidemiológico cuasiexperimetal. La intervención se dirigió a médicos de familias, grupos básicos de trabajo, comunidad e hipertensos. Se seleccionaron dos muestras (350 hipertensos diferentes), antes y después de la intervención, realizándose encuestas, mediciones con comparaciones de resultados; test estadístico: Chi2, Odds ratio, valor p. Resultados: los hipertensos controlados y adherencia al tratamiento aumentaron, con diferencias estadísticamente significativas, p<0,05. No hubo diferencias entre los 5 medicamentos más utilizados. En la postintervención, presentaron asociación estadística significativa con hipertensos controlados: adherencia al tratamiento, dieta baja en sal y grasa, consumo de frutas y vegetales, y no fumar. Las medias de presión diastólica, sistólica y las complicaciones disminuyeron, con diferencias estadísticamente significativas, p<0,05. Conclusiones: aumentaron los hipertensos controlados y se lograron mejoras en la calidad de vida de los hipertensos.

Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) are a group of organisms that solubilize fixed forms of phosphorus, making it available for the plant growth. The effect of three PSB strains, called PSBMi, PSBHc and PSBVa, on growth of pitahaya seedlings (Hylocereus undatus) was studied in a growth chamber. The results indicated that plant stem diameter, plant height, plant total dry weight and root length were greatest in pitahaya seedlings inoculated with PSBMi. The increase in these plant growth variables was 52.40, 34.71, 23.31 and 30.14% with respect to the control pitahaya seedlings not inoculated. The present study showed the potential of P-solubilizers on pitahaya seedling growth. However, further research is needed to understand the specific mechanisms involved in the positive effects of PSB on pitahaya plant growth and to verify these results under field conditions.

Las bacterias solubilizadoras de fosfato (PSB) son un grupo de organismos que solubilizan formas insolubles de fósforo haciéndolas disponibles para el desarrollo vegetal. Se estudió el efecto de tres cepas PSB denominadas PSBMi, PSBHc y PSBVa sobre el desarrollo de plántulas de pitahaya (Hylocereus undatus), bajo condiciones de cámara de crecimiento. Los resultados indicaron que el mayor diámetro del tallo, altura de planta, peso seco y longitud de raíz se encontraron en las plántulas de pitahaya inoculadas con PSBMi, el incremento en estas variables fue de 52.40, 34.71, 23.31 y 30.14% respecto del control no inoculado. Este estudio mostró el potencial de las PSB sobre el desarrollo de plántulas de pitahaya. Sin embargo, se necesita más investigación para entender los mecanismos específicos involucrados en el efecto positivo de las PSB sobre el desarrollo de plantas de pitahaya así como verificar estos resultados bajo condiciones de campo.

El estudio del conocimiento, creencias y prácticas que tienen las comunidades con respecto al cambio climático contribuye a llenar vacíos de información científica y prepara el camino para el diseño de medidas de adaptación. En este artículo, se presenta una revisión bibliográfica acerca de las investigaciones de percepción del cambio climático que se han realizado en Latinoamérica, durante los últimos quince años (1997-2012), en comunidades locales campesinas e indígenas. Al respecto, se identificaron y se analizaron las metodologías, las herramientas y las estrategias de adaptación, reportadas en los estudios de percepción. Los resultados muestran la existencia de tres enfoques metodológicos para abordar los estudios de percepción: (i) cuantitativo, (ii) cualitativo y (iii) mixto. Además, la investigación bibliográfica evidencia que las tres herramientas principales utilizadas en los estudios de percepción son: (i) entrevista semi-estructurada (76,9%); (ii) encuesta (42,3%) y, (iii) observación en campo (30,8%). Las herramientas identificadas son utilizadas, principalmente, en estudios de percepción en comunidades campesinas (65,4%), antes que en comunidades indígenas (34,6%). Por otro lado, se identificaron las siguientes percepciones relevantes: (i) variabilidad climática (94,1%), (ii) incremento de temperatura (91,2%), (iii) cambio en la precipitación (85,3%) y, (iv) cambio en los hábitos culturales (55,9%). Los resultados sugieren que la percepción dominante es que existe un cambio asociado, principalmente, con el factor climático; lo anterior, representado por un 90,2%, de los documentos detectados. Finalmente, las estrategias de adaptación al cambio climático en comunidades locales latinoamericanas, se pueden agrupar en tres categorías: (i) agropecuaria (57,6%), (ii) comunitaria (48,1%), e (iii) hídrica (40,4%).

The study of the knowledge, beliefs and practices that the local communities have respect to climate change contributes to filling voids in the scientific information and prepares the way for designing adaptation actions. This article presents a literature review about the investigations of climate change perception that have been made in Latin America in the last fifteen years (1997-2012) in rural and indigenous communities. In this sense, it was identified and analyzed the methodologies, tools and adaptation strategies reported in perception studies. The results showed that there are three methodological approaches in the perception studies of climate change: (i) quantitative, (ii) qualitative, and (iii) mixed. In addition, the bibliographical research shows that the three main tools used in perception studies are: (i) semi-structured interview (76.9%), (ii) poll (42.3%), and (iii) field observation (30.8%). In this regard, the tools identified are mainly used in the perception studies in farming communities (65.4%) before than in indigenous communities (34.6%). Furthermore, it was identified the following important perceptions: (i) climate variability (94.1%), (ii) temperature increase (91.2%), (iii) changes in precipitation (85.3%), and (iv) change in cultural habits (55.9%). Results suggest that the dominant perception is that there is a change was mainly due to the climatic factor; above, represented by 90.2% of the documents identified. Finally, the strategies for adaptation to climate change in Latin American local communities can be grouped into three categories: (i) agriculture (57.6%), (ii) community (48.1%), and (iii) water (40.4%).

In Oaxaca's Central Valleys, there are 118 production units, 30 %> of the greenhouse surface for tomatoes in the state. These production units are varied in their levels of performance, profitability and productivity. The theory of enterprise based on resources and on the comparative advantage suggests that some resources are strategic in the production units, and they allow obtaining comparative and competitive advantages. The production units lack organization; 30 % have been abandoned and 32 % of the greenhouses measure 2000 m² and have been operating for 2.8 years, in average. The labor in these units is familiar and members are between 31 and 50 years of age. The conclusion is that in order to reach competitiveness and increase the performance of tomato production units, commercial, financial, organizational, operational and environmental strategies should be designed and implemented.

En los Valles Centrales de Oaxaca se localizan 118 unidades de producción, 30 % de la superficie de tomate en invernaderos del estado. Estas unidades de producción son heterogéneas en sus niveles de desempeño, rentabilidad y productividad. La teoría de la empresa basada en los recursos y en la ventaja comparativa propone que algunos recursos son estratégicos en las unidades de producción y permiten obtener ventajas comparativas y competitivas. Las unidades de producción carecen de organización; 30 % han sido abandonadas y 32 % de los invernaderos miden 2000 m² y tienen 2.8 años en operación en promedio. El trabajo en estas unidades es familiar y sus integrantes tienen de 31 a 50 años de edad. Se concluye que para alcanzar la competitividad y aumentar el desempeño de las unidades de producción de tomate se deberá diseñar e implementar estrategias comerciales, financieras, organizativas, operacionales y ambientales.

We described an integral intervention directed to family physicians and basic work groups in external consultation, to the community and hypertensive patients of the Policlinic Heroes del Moncada, carried out from January 1st to December 31st 2013. The themes taught to family physicians and basic work groups were identified taking into account the Arterial Hypertension Program guidelines. We indicated the items of the clinical record that should be filled out and the actions the family physician should develop in the hypertensive patient external consultation. We explained the activities and the intervention procedure in the community, and also the methodology and program to develop in the hypertensive patients’ schools.

Se realizó la descripción de una intervención integral dirigida a médicos de familias y grupos básicos de trabajo, en consulta externa, a la comunidad y a los hipertensos del Policlínico Héroes del Moncada, del 1 de enero al 31 de diciembre de 2013. Se consignaron los temas que se impartirán a los médicos de familia y a los grupos básicos de trabajo, según la guía del Programa de Hipertensión Arterial. Se señalaron los acápites que deben ser llenados en la historia clínica y las acciones a desarrollar por el médico de familia en la consulta externa del hipertenso. Se expresaron las actividades y el procedimiento de intervención en la comunidad, así como la metodología y el programa para llevar a cabo en las escuelas de hipertensos.

Negli ultimi decenni xx secolo, ¡progressi proveniente da diverse discipline hanno stimolato allo studio dei fenomeni che si succedono nel confronto faccia a faccia. Questo è il caso dei marcatori dei discorsi. La ricerca su queste unitá, nell`ámbito della lingüística delle lingue dei Segni, è scarsa; per questo motivo si è intrapresa una ricerca sull`uso dei marcatori nei colloqui semistrutturati nella lingua dei Segni venezuelana tra sordi. In quest` articolo si offre la comprensione delle funzioni che, come accenno, compie -y-, uno degli accenni trovati. Si accetta la definizione degli accenni offerti da Domínguez (2005) e la classifica di Martín Zorraquino y Portolés (1999). Questo é uno studio qualitativo e prevede una fase di selezione della mostra e un`altra di analisi. Gli esiti mettono in evedenza le funzioni e i contesti dove appare questo accenno.

In the last decades of the 20th century, the progress derived from diverse disciplines made it possible to study phenomena that occur in the face-to-face discourse. Such is the case of discourse markers. An inquiry of these units, in the realm of Linguistics of Sign Language, is scarce; hence the need to conduct research about the use of markers in semi-structured conversations in Venezuelan Sign Language among hearing-impaired people. In this article, an interpretation of the functions that “Y” (and) play as a connector is presented. The study is grounded on the definition of markers offered by Domínguez (2005), as well as on the classification proposed by Martín Zorraqino and Portolés (1999). This is a qualitative study that considers a sample selection stage and an analysis stage. The results provide evidence of the functions and contexts where this connector appears.

Nas últimas décadas do século XX,osavanços provenientesdediversasdisciplinas determinaram que começassem a ser estudados fenômenosqueocorremnodiscurso cara a cara. Esse é o caso, por exemplo, dosmarcadoresdodiscurso. A análise destasunidades, no âmbitodalinguísticadaslínguasdesinais,éescassa;porissose decidiu realizar uma pesquisa sobre o uso dos marcadores em conversações semiestruturadas em Língua Venezuelana de Sinais entre surdos. Neste artigo, abordam-se as funções que tem o conectivo “e”, um dos marcadores encontrados. Além disso, utiliza-se adefiniçãode marcadores de Domínguez (2005) e aclassificaçãode Martín Zorraqino e Portolés (1999).Trata-se de um estudoqualitativono qual está incluída uma etapa deseleçãodaamostra e outra deanálise. Os resultados evidenciamquais são as funções e em que contextosaparece este conectivo.

En las últimas décadas del siglo XX, los progresos provenientes de diversas disciplinas dieron cabida al estudio de fenómenos que ocurren en el discurso cara a cara. Tal es el caso de los marcadores del discurso. La indagación de estas unidades, en el ámbito de la lingüística de las lenguas de señas, es escasa; por lo que se consideró necesario emprender una investigación sobre el uso de los marcadores en conversaciones semiestructuradas en Lengua de Señas Venezolana entre sordos. En este artículo, se presenta la comprensión de las funciones que, como conector, cumple Y, uno los marcadores encontrados. Se suscribe la definición de marcadores de Domínguez (2005) y la clasificación de Martín Zorraqino y Portolés (1999). Es un estudio cualitativo y prevé una etapa de selección de la muestra y otra de análisis. Los resultados ponen en evidencia las funciones y los contextos donde aparece este conector.

Dans les dernières décennies du XXe siècle, les progrès provenant de disciplines diverses ont donné lieu à l’étude de phénomènes qui se produisent lors du discours face à face. Voilà le cas des marqueurs discursifs. La recherche des unités dans le domaine de la linguistique des langues des sourds-muets est rare. C’est pourquoi on a considéré nécessaire d’entreprendre une investigation sur l’usage des marqueurs dans des conversations mi- structurées en Langue Vénézuélienne de Sourds-muets. Dans cet article, on présente la compréhension des fonctions que “Y” (ET), un des marqueurs trouvés, accomplit en tant que connecteur. On admet la définition de marqueurs de Dominguez (2005) et le classement de Martín Zorraqino et Portolés (1999). Il s’agit d’une étude qualitative comprenant une étape de sélection de l’échantillon et une autre d’analyse. Les résultats mettent en évidence les fonctions et les contextes d’occurrence de ce connecteur.