O hemograma do recém-nascido oferece inúmeras informações ao neonatologista e sua interpretação pode variar de acordo com a idade gestacional e o peso de nascimento da criança. Os valores de referência para essa faixa etária são de difícil obtenção e poucos estudos foram realizados nessa área, principalmente pela dificuldade de coleta sanguínea e suas implicações para o recém-nascido. O presente estudo observa o perfil hematológico dos neonatos atendidos e compara os valores obtidos com as faixas de referência encontradas na literatura. Os resultados apontam diferenças significativas entre as faixas de referência encontradas para diversos parâmetros hematológicos, de acordo com o peso e idade gestacional dos neonatos. A pesquisa mostra a importância da utilização de diferentes valores de referência para a interpretação do hemograma do recém-nascido de acordo com esses fatores.

The whole blood test of neonates provides much information with the interpretation changing according to the child's gestational age and birth weight. Reference values for this age can be hard to find as few studies have been made in this area in particular because of the difficulty in sampling and its implications for the newborn. This study compares the hematologic profile of neonates attended in a teaching hospital and compares the obtained values with reference ranges found in the literature. The results show significant differences compared to reference ranges found for many hematologic parameters, particularly related to the birth weight and gestational age of the newborns. This research demonstrates the importance of using different reference values for interpreting the whole blood test of neonates.

OBJETIVO: O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar os diferentes fatores de risco (FR) para doença arterial coronária (DAC) em funcionários voluntários do Hospital Universitário, considerando o efeito do estresse psicológico. MÉTODOS: Participaram deste estudo 52 voluntários (41 mulheres e 11 homens) que foram submetidos a exame antropométrico, aferição da pressão arterial e exame clínico. Foram realizadas também coletas capilares para verificar os níveis de colesterol total (CT), HDL-colesterol (HDL), triglicérides (TG) e LDL-colesterol (LDL), sendo calculados os índices de massa corporais (IMC) e a relação cintura/quadril (RCQ). Foi também aplicado um questionário de estresse. Os diferentes FR para DAC foram quantificados e avaliados. RESULTADOS: Dos indivíduos que participaram desta pesquisa 73,1% eram estressados, 32,7% eram hipertensos e 36,5% apresentaram CT > 200mg/dl. As mulheres eram mais estressadas que os homens (p < 0,05) e os homens apresentavam proporcionalmente menor HDL < 40mg/dl do que as mulheres (p < 0,05). Os pacientes estressados apresentaram CT > 200mg/dl (p < 0,05). O risco coronariano para DAC (RDAC) foi baixo para 53,8% dos pacientes, médio para 23,1%, moderado para 21,2% e alto para 2,6%. O risco quadril/cintura (FRCQ) foi alto em 15% dos indivíduos estressados, em 35,5% dos hipertensos e em 10,5% dos com CT > 200mg/dl. O risco massa corporal (FRMC) foi baixo na maioria dos pacientes estressados, hipertensos e com CT > 200mg/dl. CONCLUSÕES: Este estudo mostra a importância do estresse psicológico na avaliação dos diferentes fatores de risco para DAC, sendo que esse conhecimento é de grande relevância na intervenção preventiva para essa doença.

OBJECTIVE: The present work aimed to evaluate the different risk factors (RF) of coronary artery disease (CAD) in a university hospital volunteer employees, regarding the correlation with psychological stress. METHODS: Fifty-two volunteers participated in the study (41 females and 11 males), which included anthropometric measurement, clinical examination, and measurement of the arterial blood pressure. Arterial blood was collected from them to quantify the levels of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol (HDL), triglycerides (TG), and LDL-cholesterol (LDL). The body mass index (BMI), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were determined. The participants have also answered a questionnaire regarding stress. The different RF were quantified and evaluated. RESULTS: From the participants, 73.1% were considered stressed, 32.7% were hypertenses, and 36.5% had TC > 200mg dl-1. Females were significantly more stressed than man (p < .05), and proportionally males had more HDL < 40mg dl-1 than females (p < .05). The stressed people also presented TC above 200mg dl-1 (p < .05). The coronary artery disease risk was low for 53.8% of the people, medium for 23.1%, moderate for 21.2%, and high for 2.6%. The waist-to-hip risk was high in 15% of the stressed patients, in 35,5% of hypertenses, and in 10.5% in the ones with TC > 200mg/dl. The body mass risk was considered low for most of the stressed, hypertenses, and the ones with TC > 200mg dl-1. CONCLUSION: This study shows the importance of the psychological stress in the evaluation of different RF for CAD and this knowledge is very important in the preventive intervention for this disease.

Os flavonóides representam um dos grupos fenólicos mais importantes e diversificados entre os produtos de origem natural. Dentre os compostos fenólicos temos os derivados flavânicos (flavan-3-óis e flavan-3,4-dióis) que podem se polimerizar originando taninos. O representante mais importante do grupo dos flavan-3-óis é a catequina. Estes compostos exibem inúmeros efeitos biológicos incluindo ação antiviral, antioxidante e antitrombótica. No presente trabalho foi avaliado o efeito das catequinas (catequina e epicatequina) sobre a função plaquetária. Foram estudados vinte indivíduos adultos, clinicamente saudáveis. A agregação plaquetária foi avaliada em plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) e plaquetas lavadas utilizando-se agonistas colágeno (2,0 µg/ml) e trombina (0,25U/ml), respectivamente. Como controle utilizou-se o veículo da droga (DMSO 0.2%). O pré-tratamento das plaquetas com epicatequina (200 µg/ml) causou inibição significativa da agregação para o colágeno (9.0 ± 7.8%) e para a trombina (10.0 ± 2.2) em relação aos respectivos controles (70.0 ± 7.8) e (68.0 ± 5.0), ( p<0.001; Student t-test). Por outro lado, a catequina não promoveu inibição da resposta de agregação. Conclui-se que a epicatequina apresenta potencial antiagregante.

The use of hemo-derivatives is nowadays a fundamentally important therapeutic modality in the exercise of medicine. Among the various hemo-components employed, we have the platelet concentrate (PC), indicated in cases of hemorrhagic disturbances. We previously showed that platelet function in blood donors is reduced in their screening phase and after the separation process of PCs. Currently, we are providing evidence for the existence of biochemical and functional changes in PC preparations stored for three days at temperatures of 20 ± 2 ºC. Platelet concentrates from 40 healthy donors, collected in CPD anticoagulant and PL-146 polyvinylchloride containers, were examined in order to determine the pH value, pCO2 ,pO2 and lactate concentrations. In addition, the aggregation of platelets with thrombin and collagen were examined to evaluate platelet function. A pH increase from 7.07 ± 0.04 to 7.36 ± 0.07 (p < 0.01) was observed. The pCO2 concentration decreased progressively from 69.2 ± 7.7 mmHg to 28.8 ± 6.2 mmHg (p < 0.001) during the storage period. In contrast, pO2 value increase from 103.4 ± 30.6 to 152.3 ± 24.6 mmHg (p < 0.001) was evidenced during the 48 hours of storage. The lactate concentration increased from 17.97 ± 5.2 to 57.21 ± 5.7 mg/dl (p < 0.001). Platelet aggregation using 0.25 U/ml-thrombin and 2.0 µg/ml-collagen showed significant hypofunction from 61.8 ± 2.7% to 24.8 ± 9.8% and 62.7±5.0 to 33.4± 6.2 (p < 0.001), respectively. We concluded that the evaluated biochemical parameters and the platelet function changed significantly when the platelets were kept under routine storage conditions.

Lipid and acute-phase protein alterations have been described in various infection diseases, and they have been recorded during the early stages of HIV infection. Lipid and acute-phase protein profiles also have been correlated with cellular immunological abnormalities. To document these correlations during HIV infection, we studied 75 HIV-infected patients and 26 HIV-negative controls. Patients were classified according to the criteria proposed by the Walter Reed Army Institute: as WR-1 (CD4 lymphocytes, 1154 ± 268/mm³), WR-2 (CD4, 793 ± 348/mm³) and WR3/4 (CD4, 287±75 mm³). Triglycerides, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol concentrations were measured by enzymatic methods. Immunoglobulins (IgA and IgG) and acute-phase proteins (haptoglobin, a1-acid glycoprotein, C-reactive protein and transferrin) were determined by immunonephelometry. Haptoglobin levels were significantly increased in HIV-positive patients and correlated with the progression of HIV-infection (control<WR1<WR2<WR3/4). WR-2 and WR-3/4 patients had lower total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and albumin concentrations, however, a1-acid glycoprotein and IgA levels were higher, when compared to HIV-negative controls. Elevated triglyceride levels (1.51±0.75 mmol/L) were found only in WR3/4 patients, when compared to the control individuals (1.05±0.04 mmol/L). No differences were found in transferrin and C-reactive protein concentrations among the studied groups. CD4+ lymphocyte counts were inversely correlated with triglycerides, IgA, a1-acid glycoprotein and haptoglobin, and they were positively correlated with albumin, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that increased haptoglobin and IgA levels were the best predictive variables of a decreasing CD4+ lymphocyte count. In conclusion, our data showed that: 1) a decrease in total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and albumin levels occurred earlier than hypertriglyceridemia in the course of HIV infection; 2) increased levels of haptoglobin occurred earlier than that of a1-acid glycoprotein and IgA; 3) haptoglobin and IgA were the best predictive variables of a decreasing CD4+ lymphocyte count. Decreases in HDL-cholesterol and albumin levels with increases in haptoglobin, a1-acid glycoprotein, IgA, and triglycerides levels are indications of disease progression in HIV-infected patients.