ABSTRACT Mondor's disease is a clinical entity characterized by the appearance of a palpable cord-like lesion on the surface of the body. It is generally considered self-limiting benign thrombophlebitis that resolves in four to eight weeks without any specific treatment. It presents in the case of sudden appearance and favorable, spontaneous evolution. A literature review on the subject is carried out.

RESUMEN La enfermedad de Mondor es una entidad clínica caracterizada por la aparición de una induración palpable similar a un cordón en la superficie del cuerpo. En general es considerada como una tromboflebitis benigna autolimitada que se resuelve en cuatro u ocho semanas sin ningún tratamiento específico.Se presenta un caso de aparición súbita y evolución favorable, espontánea. Se realiza una revisión de la literatura a propósito del mismo.

Abstract: A panoramic analysis of the rainfall produced by the combination of the tropical cyclones Ingrid and Manuel (2013) is presented, with emphasis on the anomalous extension of the rainfall footprint observed in comparison to the simple superposition of two individual tropical cyclones. It's conceptually shown that the combined circulation of humidity around the double system explains the anomalous extensions towards NE Mexico in the case of Ingrid and SE Mexico in the case of Manuel. It is shown that this combined system resulted in a much larger footprint than the previous historic reference on the Pacific coastline, hurricane Pauline in 1997. For three specific basins close to Acapulco, state of Guerrero, the return periods of the rainfall by Ingrid-Manuel were computed, identifying that, while the daily rainfalls resulted extreme, the sequence of daily rainfall in two to five day intervals correspond to a much larger return period.

Resumen: Se presenta un análisis panorámico de las precipitaciones pluviales que generaron los ciclones tropicales Ingrid y Manuel durante los días en que actuaron de forma simultánea sobre México, con énfasis en las características que no corresponden a la simple superposición de los campos de lluvias que cada uno de ellos hubiese generado de manera individual. Se muestra que la circulación combinada de la humedad alrededor de ambos vórtices explica conceptualmente las extensiones anómalas de la zona lluviosa que se manifestaron hacia el noreste de México, en el caso de Ingrid, y hacia el sureste de México, en el caso de Manuel. Se muestra que el evento combinado resultó mucho mayor que el referente previo en la zona del Pacífico (huracán Pauline, en 1997). Para tres cuencas específicas cercanas a Acapulco, Guerrero, se calcularon los periodos de retorno de las lluvias ocurridas durante este evento, identificando que, aunque las acumulaciones diarias resultaron extremas, las secuencias ocurridas de 2 a 5 días consecutivos corresponden a un periodo de retorno mucho mayor.

The factors that influence floods in the plains of Tabasco are analyzed, including the lack of adequate land planning, deforestation of the upper basins, and a mistaken idea about decreases in the hydrological regime associated with the construction of large dams in the Grijalva River and climate change. A review of precipitation, runoff, management of dams in the Grijalva River basin and floods was conducted for the period 1995 - 2010. The actions taken to reduce flood risks for the population during that period are presented, including the Comprehensive Flood Control Program and the Tabasco Comprehensive Water Program. The conceptual differences between these are indicated. The objective of the present article is to describe the evolution of approaches to reduce flood disasters in the Tabasco plains, the management of reservoirs and a proposal for land management based on the application of a two-dimensional numerical hydraulic model and a nomogram for prevention of rollovers.

Se analizan los factores que influyen en las inundaciones de la planicie tabasqueña, como la ausencia de ordenamiento territorial adecuado, la deforestación de la parte alta de las cuencas, un falso concepto de disminución del régimen hidrológico asociado con la construcción de las grandes presas en el río Grijalva y el cambio climático. Para el periodo 1995-2010 se hace una revisión de las precipitaciones, escurrimientos, manejo de las presas de la cuenca del río Grijalva e inundaciones; se presentan las acciones que se han tomado para reducir los riesgos de inundación a la población durante ese periodo, incluyendo el Programa Integral de Control de Inundaciones y el Programa Hídrico Integral de Tabasco, señalando la diferencia conceptual entre ellos. El objeto del presente artículo es describir la evolución de las aproximaciones de solución al problema de reducción de desastres por inundación en la planicie Tabasqueña, la gestión de embalses y una propuesta de gestión del territorio basado en la aplicación de un modelo numérico hidráulico bidimensional y un nomograma de resistencia al vuelco.

This article examines the process of transformation of the roto, a Chilean personage of urban origin, into a national symbol of chileanity. As a descendent of Spaniards and Natives, the metis (half-breed) was rejected in the Nineteenth century in the light of racial theories that were current at that time. However, at the beginning of the Twentieth century it seemed that intellectuals discovered the metis qualities, and tried to raise their status to that of a national symbol.

El artículo examina el proceso de transformación de un personaje mestizo chileno de origen urbano, el roto, en tipo nacional representativo de la chilenidad. Como figura mestiza, descendiente de españoles e indígenas, fue despreciado en el siglo XIX a la luz de las teorías raciales en boga. Pero a comienzos del siglo XX surgen autores que descubren en él cualidades, tratando de elevarlo a símbolo de la nación.

Nas primeiras décadas do século XIX a repartição da terra no Paraná registrou um alto índice de concentração, com os fazendeiros de gado detendo as maiores propriedades. Neste artigo examina-se o uso da mão-de-obra escrava da parte dos donos da terra, assim como o acesso à terra por parte dos proprietários de escravos. Discutem-se hierarquias sociais presentes na sociedade local e a importância da terra e dos escravos na constituição dessas hierarquias. As fontes primárias empregadas na análise foram cadastros de terras e recenseamentos de população.

In the nineteenth century first decades the land distribution in Paraná registered a high concentration level due to the fact that the cattle farmers owned the biggest properties. This article examines the use of the enslaved labor by land owners as well as the access to the land by the slaves owners. It discusses both social hierarchies in the local society and the land and slaves importance in these hierarchies constitution. The primary sources used in the analysis were lands official records and demographic censuses.

Resumo:A pecuária foi uma atividade econômica de importância central na formação dos mercados internos coloniais brasileiros. As fazendas cresceram e se fortaleceram na retaguarda dos setores de exportação. O presente artigo analisa as fazendas de gado existentes no Paraná em 1825, discutindo o emprego da mão-de-obra escrava, familiar e livre, bem como a composição dos rebanhos e a produção de alimentos no seu interior. Os fazendeiros aparecem, nessa conjuntura, como a classe mais poderosa e a principal detentora de terras e escravos.

Abstract:The livestock was an economic activity of central importance in the formation of the Brazilian colonial internal markets. The farms grew and they strengthened in the rearguard of the export sectors. The present article analyzes the cattle farms existent in Paraná in 1825, discussing the employment of the slave, family and free labor, as well as the composition of the flocks and the production of victuals in its interior. The farmers appear, in that conjuncture, as the most powerful class and the main owners of lands and slaves.