RESUMO O setor ferroviário sempre tem estado em busca de um aumento do rendimento de seus produtos envolvidos no transporte de cargas e passageiros. Uma das formas de aumentar a eficiência deste tipo de transporte se baseia no aumento da velocidade dos trens e das cargas transportadas por eixo, o que torna as ferrovias mais competitivas. No entanto, estas soluções geram elevadas tensões nas rodas ferroviárias aumentando assim a possibilidade de ocorrerem falhas por fadiga nas mesmas. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar as propriedades mecânicas, incluindo fadiga, e as características microestruturais dos materiais utilizados na fabricação de rodas ferroviárias. Foram avaliados três materiais diferentes (Aço carbono – amostra fundida e forjada; Aço Microligado – amostra forjada) utilizados neste segmento através de ensaio microestrutural, tração, tenacidade à fratura e fadiga, sendo uma roda fabricada por forjamento e com aço classe “C” (0,7% C), uma fabricada por fundição com o mesmo material e outra roda forjada produzida com o aço classe “C” desgaseificado à vácuo e microligado com nióbio e molibdênio. Os resultados dos ensaios indicam que a roda forjada e microligada apresentou valores superiores das propriedades mecânicas quando comparado aos demais materiais estudados. Além disso, o processo de fabricação por forjamento apresentou melhores resultados quando comparado ao processo de fundição.

ABSTRACT The railway sector has always been looking for an increase in the yield of its products involved in the transportation of cargo and passengers. One of the ways to increase the efficiency of this type of transport is based on increasing the speed of the trains and the loads transported per axle, which makes the railways more competitive. However, these solutions generate high stresses on the railway wheels, thus increasing the possibility of failure due to fatigue in them. In this context, the objective of this work is to evaluate the mechanical properties, including fatigue, and the microstructural characteristics of the materials used in the manufacture of railway wheels. Three different materials were evaluated (Carbon steel - cast and forged sample; Microalloyed steel - Forged sample) used in this segment through microstructural testing, traction, fracture toughness and fatigue, a wheel manufactured by forging and with class steel. “C” (0.7% C), one manufactured by casting with the same material and another forged wheel produced with vacuum-degassed class “C” steel and micro-bonded with niobium and molybdenum. The results of the tests indicate that the forged and microalloyed wheel presented superior values of the mechanical properties when compared to the other studied materials. In addition, the forging manufacturing process showed better results when compared to the casting process.

Abstract: In this work, three welding programs for orbital gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW), previously developed, were used, using pulsed current and increasing speed (#A), constant current (#B) and pulsed current and decreasing current (#C). One of these should be used for the propulsion system of the Satellite CBERS (China - Brazil Earth Resources Satellite). Welded joints using tubes of commercially pure titanium were obtained with these procedures, which were characterized by means of mechanical and metallographic tests. The obtained results showed that the three welding procedures produce welded joints free of defects and with adequate shape. Although small differences on mechanical properties and on microstructure have been observed, the three welding programs attained compatible results with international standards used in the aerospace segment. The welding program #B, due to the reduced heat input used, was considered to obtain slightly advantage over the others.

The increasingly design requirements for modern engineering applications resulted in the development of new materials with improved mechanical properties. Low density, combined with excellent weight/strength ratio as well as corrosion resistance, make the titanium attractive for application in landing gears. Fatigue control is a fundamental parameter to be considered in the development of mechanical components. The aim of this research is to analyze the fatigue behavior of anodized Ti-6Al-4V alloy and the influence of shot peening pre treatment on the experimental data. Axial fatigue tests (R = 0.1) were performed, and a significant reduction in the fatigue strength of anodized Ti-6Al-4V was observed. The shot peening superficial treatment, which objective is to create a compressive residual stress field in the surface layers, showed efficiency to increase the fatigue life of anodized material. Experimental data were represented by S-N curves. Scanning electron microscopy technique (SEM) was used to observe crack origin sites.