Abstract Purpose To analyze the adherence to queen bee phenomenon (QBP) attitudes among women founders and co-founders of startups. Theoretical framework We used the three dimensions of the QBP to understand how female founders of startups relate to other women in the work environment and how they deal with the male professional culture in which they are embedded. We also used the gender career literature to understand cooperative relationships between women. Design/methodology/approach Our research approach is characterized as qualitative. We employed semi-structured interviews with 30 women founders of startups. We used the abductive analytical procedure. The authors carried out the coding process independently and we obtained adequate reliability values in the coding procedures. Findings The participants stated that they assimilated male traits. However, they did not distance themselves from their gender identity group. Nor did they legitimize the gender hierarchy. Thus, we rejected our assumption that women founders of startups exhibit strong QBP adherence. Practical & social implications of research This study contributes to the theoretical advancement of the QBP by analyzing a male context where QB attitudes are not salient. At the same time, we suggest gender bias awareness as a variable that impacts QB attitudes. Although cooperation among women reduces QB attitudes, it does not reduce gender inequality in the workplace. Thus, in terms of social implications, we reinforce the need for structural changes to achieve gender equality. Originality/value The relationship between women has been scarcely studied in the startup context, and we found no studies that analyzed female founders of startups through the prism of the QBP.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to develop an instrument to measure the queen bee phenomenon, present in women in positions of command who hinder the professional development of other women. In this article, the phenomenon is understood as a response to the social threat experienced by women who aspire to high positions in men’s organizations. The sample, of 495 women who worked in higher education institutions, was divided into two groups: Group 1 (G1; 248, MAge = 44 years old) and Group 2 (G2; 247, MAge = 42 years old). These individuals answered the Queen Bee Phenomenon Scale (QBPS) and demographic questions. Considering the G1 participants, a principal component analysis was performed, which allowed the identification of a hexafactorial structure, explaining 60.5% of the total variance and presenting an overall internal consistency of 0.72. Subsequently, for the G2 participants, the adequacy of the QBPS hexafactorial structure was confirmed (CFI = 0.935, TLI = 0.923, and RMSEA = 0.049). It was concluded that there is evidence for both the validity of the factors and the internal consistency of the measure, which thus may be properly used in other studies.

Resumo A Transformative Consumer Research (TCR) surgiu para preencher as lacunas e superar a fragmentação no campo da pesquisa em consumo no domínio do bem-estar. Este movimento deu origem à Transformative Service Research (TSR), estudos dedicados a identificar e avaliar os efeitos de bem-estar advindos dos serviços. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi mapear a produção científica sobre TCR e TSR, a partir de uma análise bibliométrica e uma análise de conteúdo de uma amostra de 114 artigos disponibilizados nas bases de dados Scopus, SciELO e SPELL. O estudo oferece um mapeamento dos periódicos e autores mais produtivos, das obras de maior impacto, além da análise das categorias temáticas e análises de redes. Os resultados mostram um discreto crescimento no interesse sobre o tema, o que indica a necessidade de intensificação de pesquisas no campo, voltadas principalmente a áreas de estudo tais como vulnerabilidade econômica, obesidade, consumo de álcool e drogas, indivíduos com deficiência física, práticas ambientais, adoção de estratégias sustentáveis, tecnologia e serviço social. No contexto brasileiro, identifica-se a necessidade de difundir o tema no âmbito acadêmico, ou seja, em programas de pós-graduação na área de marketing, revistas e eventos científicos. Em última análise, este trabalho é considerado um chamado a uma mudança nas perspectivas dos pesquisadores e avaliadores de periódicos em TCR e TSR.

Abstract Transformative Consumer Research (TCR) has emerged to fill the gaps and overcome fragmentation in the field of consumer research in the well-being domain. This movement gave rise to Transformative Service Research (TSR), which is aimed at identifying and evaluating the well-being effects arising from the services. The objective of this paper was to map the scientific production on TCR and TSR, based on a bibliometric analysis and a content analysis of a sample consisting of 114 studies available in the Scopus, SciELO and SPELL databases. Our study offers a map of the most productive journals and authors, the most impactful studies and an analysis of thematic categories and some network analyses. The results show a slight increase in the interest on the topic, which indicates the need for intensified research in the field, especially focused on areas of study such as economic vulnerability, obesity, alcohol and drug consumption, individuals with physical disabilities, environmental practices, and adoption of sustainable strategies, technology and social services. In the Brazilian context, we identified the need to disseminate the themes in the academic field, that is, postgraduate programs in marketing area, scientific journals and conferences. Finally, our study is considered a call for a change in the perspectives of researchers and journal reviewers in the field of consumer studies.

Resumo O objetivo desta pesquisa é explorar a ocorrência das características do fenômeno abelha-rainha em uma universidade francesa, observando, em particular, se esse efeito se manifesta de diferentes formas entre docentes-pesquisadores(as) e não docentes de diferentes categorias estatutárias. Vinte e duas entrevistas semidiretivas, realizadas com funcionários e funcionárias, destacam a prevalência de traços característicos da abelha-rainha entre docentes-pesquisadoras de status elevado, muito mais do que entre mulheres não docentes. Os resultados deste estudo exploratório são discutidos no contexto de discriminação baseada em gênero, suscetível de afetar as carreiras das mulheres na universidade.

Abstract The objective of this research is to explore the occurrence of the queen bee phenomenon characteristics in a French university by observing in particular whether this effect manifests itself in different forms between the professors-researchers and non-professors staff of different statutory categories. Twenty-two individual semi-structured interviews, conducted with male and female personnel, highlight the prevalence of queen bee characteristic traits among high status female professors, much more than among non-professors women. The results of this exploratory study are discussed in the context of gender-based discrimination likely to impact the women careers in university.

Resumen El objetivo de esta investigación es explorar la ocurrencia de las características del fenómeno abeja reina en una universidad francesa, observando, sobre todo, si ese efecto se manifiesta de distintas formas entre docentes-investigadores(as) y no docentes de diferentes categorías estatutarias. Veintidós entrevistas semiestructuradas individuales realizadas con empleados y empleadas destacan la prevalencia de rasgos característicos de la abeja reina entre docentes-investigadoras de alto status, mucho más que entre mujeres no docentes. Los resultados de este estudio exploratorio se discuten en el marco de la discriminación en base al género, capaz de afectar las carreras de las mujeres en la universidad.

Résumé Cette recherche a pour objectif d’explorer l’occurrence des caractéristiques de l’effet reine des abeilles dans une université française en observant notamment s’il se manifeste sous des formes différentes entre les enseignant.e.s-chercheu.r.seuse.s et les personnels non enseignants de différentes catégories statutaires. Vingt-deux entretiens semi-directifs individuels, conduits auprès de personnels masculins et féminins, mettent en évidence une prévalence des traits caractéristiques de l’attitude de la reine des abeilles chez les femmes universitaires de statut élevé, bien plus que chez les femmes non enseignantes. Les résultats de cette étude exploratoire sont discutés dans le cadre des discriminations sexistes susceptibles d’impacter les carrières des femmes à l’université.