ABSTRACT: Several non-destructive testing techniques have been improved and tested in recent years. The non-destructive testing techniques using particle image velocimetry (PIV) and digital image correlation (DIC) differ from conventional testing techniques, as they allow making measurements indirectly. In this study, the elastic modulus in wood beams of Eucalyptus grandis and Pinus oocarpa were determined using PIV and DIC. The application of PIV and DIC techniques occurred during the static bending tests, when the displacements were also measured by the conventional method. The applied load values allowed calculating the elasticity modulus. In all regions of analysis, the mean values of the elasticity modulus found by the DIC, PIV and conventional method are statistically equivalent. It is concluded that the PIV and DIC testing techniques can be used to determine mechanical properties of wood.

ABSTRACT Throughout their useful life structures demand monitoring to verify their conditions of use. Thus, the need arises to seek methodologies capable to evaluate displacements and deformations in structural components of buildings. The objective of this research was to evaluate the use of the particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique to analyze test specimen behavior during a static bending test, additionally a displacement map is presented. The PIV technique measures variations of position of a region in an object from consecutive images from a loading session. The tests were performed on wood of Pinus oocarpa and Eucalyptus grandis, plywood panels, laminated veneer lumber (LVL) and oriented strand board (OSB). The results obtained by the PIV technique were compared to values obtained from dial indicators. It was verified that in all the materials tested, the PIV technique presented results similar to those found in the dial indicators. By means of the Student t test, with a significance level of 1%, some regions of analysis the values found by the PIV technique and the dial indicators were statistically similar. For the analyzed regions that did not achieve statistical equality, a correction equation was calculated (R² higher than 0.99). It was concluded that the PIV technique, with properly adjusted setup, presented results similar to those obtained in the conventional tests, proving its accuracy and reliability in displacement measurements, with the advantage of being a non-destructive and contactless structure monitoring technique.

OBJECTIVE: Brazilian legislation has recently suggested the use of the qualitative hemolysin test instead of isohemagglutinin titers as prophylaxis for acute hemolysis related to plasma-incompatible platelet transfusions. The efficacy of this test in preventing hemolytic reactions has never been evaluated while isohemagglutinin titers have been extensively studied. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the results of these two tests. The impact of each type of prophylaxis on the platelet inventory management and the ability of the qualitative hemolysin test to prevent red cell sensitization after the transfusion of incompatible units were also studied.METHODS: A total of 246 donor blood samples were evaluated using both isohemagglutinin titers and the qualitative hemolysin test, and the results were statistically compared. Subsequently, 600 platelet units were tested using the hemolysin assay and the percentage of units unsuitable for transfusion was compared to historical data using isohemagglutinin titers (cut-off: 100). Moreover, ten patients who received units with minor ABO incompatibilities that were negative for hemolysis according to the qualitative hemolysin test were evaluated regarding the development of hemolysis and red cell sensitization (anti-A or anti-B).RESULTS: Isohemagglutinin titration and the results of qualitative hemolysin test did not correlate. The routine implementation of the qualitative hemolysin test significantly increased the percentage of platelet units found unsuitable for transfusions (15-65%; p-value <0.001). Furthermore the qualitative hemolysin test did not prevent red blood cell sensitization in a small exploratory analysis.CONCLUSION: Qualitative hemolysin test results do not correlate to those of isohemagglutinin titers and its implementation as the prophylaxis of choice for hemolysis associated with plasma-incompatible platelet transfusions lacks clinical support of safety and significantly affects platelet inventory management.

Problemas relacionados à durabilidade da madeira são comumente encontrados em estruturas de edificações históricas. Medidas de preservação e conservação devem ser adotadas, a fim de se evitar perdas e substituições que descaracterizam as construções. Métodos não destrutivos para a detecção de deteriorações podem ser utilizados, a fim de embasar decisões e aumentar a longevidade do patrimônio histórico. Nesse contexto, este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de realizar ensaios não destrutivos para inferir sobre a integridade de uma viga e um pilar originais da construção do Sobrado Ramalho, edifício histórico de Tiradentes, MG. Foram utilizados os equipamentos stress wave timer e resistógrafo. Amostras das peças foram retiradas para análises de densidade. Os resultados mostraram que, em ambas as estruturas, para cálculo dos módulos de elasticidade dinâmicos, não houve diferença significativa na aplicação do stress wave timer nos alinhamentos estudados. Não houve diferença significativa entre as direções de aplicação do resistógrafo no pilar, por ele ser aparentemente íntegro, de seções regulares, praticamente quadradas, e por não sofrer carregamento excêntrico. Já na viga houve diferença significativa, supostamente pelo fato de ela possuir trincas na sua linha de tração. Os equipamentos, pouco conhecidos no meio técnico conservacionista de patrimônio, permitem metodologias promissoras para inspeção de estruturas de madeira em serviço.

Problems related to the durability of wood are commonly found in historical buildings structures. Preservation and conservation resolutions must be adopted, in order to avoid losses and substitutions, which mischaracterize buildings. Non-destructive methods for detecting deterioration should be used in order to substantiate decisions and increase the longevity of historical heritage. This work was carried out in order to perform non-destructive essays to infer about the integrity of a beam and a pillar of the original construction of the Sobrado Ramalho, a historical building of the city of Tiradentes, MG. The equipments utilized were the Stress Wave Timer and resistograph. Samples of the elements were taken for analysis of density. The results showed that, in both structures, to calculate the dynamic modulus of elasticity, there was no significant difference for the application of stress wave timer on the alignments studied. There was no significant difference between the directions of application of the resistograph on the pillar, due to its apparent entirety and regular sessions, practically square, and to not being loaded eccentrically. In the case of the beam, there was significant difference, presumably because it has cracks in its traction line. The equipments, unknown by professionals of heritage conservation allow promising methodologies for inspection of timber structures in service.