RESUMO O registro fóssil do Devoniano do estado de Goiás (Sub-bacia Alto Garças, Bacia do Paraná) é ocorrente nos arredores de diversas cidades como Amorinópolis, Iporá, Caiapônia, Rio Verde e Doverlândia. Contudo, os fósseis encontrados em Goiás são, em sua maioria, representados por braquiópodes, comumente pertencentes aos gêneros Derbyina, Australocoelia, Australospirifer, Schuchertella, Orbiculoidea e Lingula. Embora também haja ocorrências, em menor número, de outros grupos como trilobitas, moluscos, tentaculitoideos, anelídeos, equinodermas, lycopsidas e cnidários, além dos microfósseis de quitinozoários, representados pelos gêneros Ramochitina, Ancyrochitina, Sphaerochitina, Angochitina, Conochitina, Lagenochitina e Cyathochitina. No entanto, os trabalhos que tratam de fósseis para esse estado são escassos quando comparados ao grande número de trabalhos realizados no Devoniano do estado do Paraná (Sub-bacia Apucarana, Bacia do Paraná). Tal fato se deve ao baixo número de pesquisadores trabalhando nessa área. Tendo em vista esse défice de artigos, o presente trabalho objetivou instigar o estudo dos fósseis devonianos de Goiás por meio de um levantamento paleontológico, que apresenta os fósseis e as localidades fossilíferas conhecidas no estado, além de apontar novos afloramentos e novos registros fósseis do Devoniano encontrados nas regiões fossilíferas do estado, as quais foram revisitadas pelos autores.

ABSTRACT The fossil records of the Devonian of Goiás State (Alto Garças Sub-basin, Paraná Basin) occur in the cities of Amorinópolis, Iporá, Caiapônia, Rio Verde, and Doverlândia. However, the most fossils found in Goiás are brachiopods of the genus Derbyina, Australocoelia, Australospirifer, Schuchertella, Orbiculoidea, and Lingula. Although there are records of other groups as trilobites, molluscs, tentaculitids, annelids, echinoderms, lycopsids, and cnidarians. Chitinozoans are also found as Ramochitina, Ancyrochitina, Sphaerochitina, Angochitina, Conochitina, Lagenochitina, and Cyathochitina. However, the number of works about Devonian fossils of Goiás State is smaller when compared to the works published about the Devonian of Paraná State (Apucarana Sub-basin, Paraná Basin). This fact reflects to the low number of researchers working in this area. In sight of this, the objective of this study is to instigate the study of the Devonian fossils of Goiás, through the presentation of the fossils and its respective localities of occurrence in the Devonian of Goiás State, in addition to be pointed new outcrops which presented new records of fossils for this State.

Paleometry is a promising research field that brings together different areas, such as physics and chemistry, applied to paleobiological issues. In spite of being recognized abroad, it is a new research field in Brazil. The most important characteristic is the application of mostly non-destructive techniques to the study of fossils. This work compiles some paleometrical applications to different geological contexts, such as the synthesis of hard skeleton in Corumbella werneri, geochemical aspects about fresh water bivalves from the Bauru Group and the exceptional preservation of arthropods from the Crato Member. Diffuse Reflectance Infrared (DRIFT) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) were complementary to elucidate the types of skeletogenesys in Corumbella. In the case of the bivalves, DRIFT revealed to be important to elucidate aspects about death and fossilization. Among arthropods, morphological analysis with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) associated with EDX was more profitable to understand fossilization process and paleoenvironmental implications.