RESUMO Cicatrização de ferida é um processo dinâmico, que tem por objetivo restaurar a continuidade do tecido lesionado. No entanto, em alguns casos, é necessário favorecer condições adequadas para viabilizar o processo fisiológico. Neste estudo foram utilizados ratos Wistar, divididos aleatoriamente entre cinco grupos, com 12 animais cada, sendo eles: grupo P (Bidens pilosa L.), grupo mel, grupo Co1 (pomada comercial alopática), grupo Co2 (pomada comercial homeopática) e grupo CT (controle). As lesões foram geradas por incisão com punch de 8mm, sendo tratadas diariamente de forma tópica. Foram eutanasiados quatro animais por grupo, no terceiro, sétimo e 14º dias do experimento, e o material coletado foi armazenado em formalina 10% e encaminhado para processamento histológico. Posteriormente, realizou-se a contagem de leucócitos mononucleares, fibroblastos e neovasos e avaliou-se a arquitetura de fibras colágenas. Os resultados da contagem foram analisados pela ANOVA, seguida pelo teste de Tukey (P<0,05). O modelo experimental proposto neste estudo demonstrou que todos os tratamentos apresentaram potencial cicatrizante, com exceção do mel. A aplicação tópica do creme do extrato de Bidens pilosa L. a 10% apresentou melhor perfil anti-inflamatório; a pomada alopática apresentou boa aderência à superfície da lesão e a pomada homeopática, grande potencial angiogênico, com menor tempo de cicatrização.

ABSTRACT Wound healing is a dynamic process that aims to restore the continuity of injured tissue. However, in some cases it is necessary to favor adequate conditions to enable the physiological process. Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups with 12 animals each, namely: group P (Bidens pilosa L.), group honey, group Co1 (commercial allopathic ointment), group Co2 (commercial homeopathic ointment) and group CT (control). The lesions were generated by an 8mm punch incision and were treated topically daily. Four animals per group were euthanized on the 3rd, 7th and 14th day of the experiment and the collected material was stored in 10% formalin and sent for histological processing, after which mononuclear, fibroblasts and neovascular leukocytes were counted and collagen fiber architecture was evaluated. Counting results were analyzed by ANOVA, followed by Tukey test (p <0.05). The experimental model proposed in this study showed that all treatments had healing potential, except honey. The topical application of 10% Bidens pilosa L. extract cream showed the best anti-inflammatory profile; Allopathic ointment showed good adhesion to the surface of the lesion and homeopathic ointment showed great angiogenic potential with shorter healing time.

The control of dyslipidemia using plants is an important subject of studies since it has numerous benefits in cardiovascular protection. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of three Camellia sinensis L. teas (green, red, and white) on left ventricular hypertrophy and insulin resistance in low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout (LDLr-/-) mice fed a high-fat diet. The LDLr-/- mice were divided into four experimental groups: Group C: standard feed; Group CT: standard feed and three teas, Group HL: high-fat feed; HLT Group: high-fat feed and three teas. The three types of tea (green, red, and white) originated from different processing of the Camellia sinensis L. plant, and were administered associated once a day at a dose of 25 mg/kg by gavage for 60 days. The teas partially prevented hyperlipidemia, the decrease of the serum levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDL), insulin resistance, and increased C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, and completely prevented left ventricular hypertrophy in LDLr -/- mice of the HLT group. In conclusion, the three Camellia sinensis L. teas used to control genetic dyslipidemia associated with a high-fat diet can be used as an auxiliary treatment associated with the control of lipid intake, thus promoting cardiac protection against hyperlipidemia.

RESUMO O estudo foi planejado para correlacionar exames ultrassonográficos e sorológicos realizados para o diagnóstico precoce (20 a 30d) de gestação. Cento e vinte (n= 120) receptoras bovinas foram sincronizadas (estro=D0), e embriões frescos produzidos in vitro foram transferidos em tempo fixo (TETF, D7). No experimento 1 (n= 46), o diagnóstico de gestação foi realizado no D20, pela detecção do fluxo sanguíneo do CL e pela sorologia de glicoproteínas associadas à gestação (PAGs). No experimento 2 (n= 30), a detecção da gestação foi realizada por meio da visualização do conteúdo do útero e também pela sorologia para PAGs. No experimento 3, a sorologia para PAGs foi realizada no D30. Em todos os experimentos, a visualização ultrassonográfica da vesícula e da viabilidade embrionária, realizada no D30, foi considerada padrão-ouro. O procedimento PROC FREQ testou o nível de concordância dos métodos diagnósticos. No D20, o diagnóstico baseado na vascularização do CL mostrou alta sensibilidade (100%) e apenas moderada especificidade (53,3%). Nesse mesmo dia, o diagnóstico sorológico não apresentou concordância (k=-0,08, P<0,46) com o padrão-ouro, além de baixa sensibilidade (6,3%). No entanto, a sensibilidade do exame sorológico aumentou drasticamente (6,3 para 100%) do D20 para o D25, contribuindo para detectar falsos negativos diagnosticados pela ultrassonografia, melhorando a acurácia (90 para 96,7%).

ABSTRACT The study evaluated sonographic and serologic exams performed for early (20 to 30d) diagnosis of pregnancy. One hundred-twenty (n= 120) bovine recipients were synchronized (estrous=D0) and timed embryo transferred (TET, D7) with fresh in vitro produced embryos. In the first trial (n= 46), diagnosis of pregnancy was performed on day 20 (D20) by detecting CL blood flow (BF) and by Pregnancy-Associated Glycoproteins (PAGs) serology. In the second trial (n= 30), pregnancy diagnosis was performed on D25 by ultrasound visualization of uterine contents and by PAGs serology. In the last trial, PAG’s serology was performed on D30. Ultrasonographic detection of the uterine contents and embryo viability performed on D30 (DG30) was considered the gold standard. The PROC FREQ procedure was used to test the agreement between diagnostic methods. On D20, the Doppler ultrasonography of the CL had showed high sensitivity (100%), but only moderate specificity (53.3%). On the same day, serologic diagnostic had no agreement (k= -0.08, P< 0.46) with the gold standard, with very low sensitivity (6.3%). However, the sensitivity of the serologic exam increased dramatically (from 6.3 to 100%) from D20 to D25, and it contributed to detect false negatives from the ultrasound diagnosis, improving the overall accuracy from 90% to 96.7%.

Functional food intake has been highlighted as a strategy for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases by reducing risk factors. In this study, we compared the effects of oral treatment with soy milk and simvastatin on dyslipidemia, left ventricle remodeling and atherosclerotic lesion of LDL receptor knockout mice (LDLr-/-) fed a hyperlipidic diet. Forty 3-month old male LDLr-/- mice were distributed into four groups: control group (C), in which animals received standard diet; HL group, in which animals were fed a hyperlipidic diet; HL+SM or HL+S groups, in which animals were submitted to a hyperlipidic diet plus soy milk or simvastatin, respectively. After 60 days, both soy milk and simvastatin treatment prevented dyslipidemia, atherosclerotic lesion progression and left ventricle hypertrophy in LDLr-/- mice. These beneficial effects of soy milk and simvastatin were associated with reduced oxidative stress and inflammatory state in the heart and aorta caused by the hyperlipidic diet. Treatment with soy milk was more effective in preventing HDLc reduction and triacylglycerol and VLDLc increase. On the other hand, simvastatin was more effective in preventing an increase in total cholesterol, LDLc and superoxide production in aorta, as well as CD40L both in aorta and left ventricle of LDLr-/-. In conclusion, our results suggest a cardioprotective effect of soy milk in LDLr-/- mice comparable to the well-known effects of simvastatin.

Objetivou-se avaliar a superovulação (SOV) de vacas zebuínas, utilizando protocolo convencional ou protocolo com número menor de aplicações e similar dosagem (dose split). Utilizaram-se 16 fêmeas (total 32 SOV), com idade entre 17-42 meses e escore de condição corporal 2,5-4 (escala de 1-5), em delineamento tipo cross-over. No início do tratamento (D0), os animais receberam um dispositivo de progesterona e 2mg de benzoato de estradiol. As fêmeas do grupo convencional receberam 250UI de FSH/LH divididas em oito doses decrescentes administradas em intervalos de 12h (FSH/LH no D4, D5, D6 e D7 no período da manhã e tarde, nas respectivas dosagens: 50,0 UI; 37,5 UI; 25,0 UI; 12,5 UI). No D7 pela manhã, as fêmeas foram tratadas com 150μg de D+cloprostenol, e a remoção da progesterona foi realizada no D7 à tarde. As fêmeas do grupo split também receberam 250 UI de FSH/LH. No D4 de manhã, administraram-se 62,5 UI de FSH/LH via IM e 125 UI por via SC. Quarenta e oito horas após (D6) administraram-se 62,5 UI via SC e na manhã do D7 foi removida a progesterona e aplicaram-se 150μg de D+cloprostenol. As fêmeas de ambos os grupos receberam 50μg de análogo de GnRH no D8 pela manhã e foram inseminadas 12 e 24 horas após. No D15 realizou-se a colheita dos embriões em ambos os tratamentos. Avaliou-se a resposta superovulatória pela contagem do número de folículos e CLs de cada ovário, com auxílio de ultrassom. Todas as variáveis foram submetidas ao teste T de Student para amostras pareadas. Houve diferença (P<0,05) na quantidade de folículos acima de 8mm no D8 (9,06±4,54 e 5,50±4,59); número de CLs no dia da colheita (8,12± 3,26 e 4,69±3,46), número de embriões totais (6,69±3,05 e 3,37±2,50) e de embriões viáveis (5,25±2,29 e 2,37±1,78) nas vacas do grupo convencional em relação às do split, respectivamente. Conclui-se que o protocolo split tem pior resposta superovulatória e de produção in vivo de embriões, em vacas zebuínas, quando comparado ao protocolo convencional.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the superovulation (SOV) response of zebu cows, using conventional protocol or other protocol with similar dose but smaller number of applications (split dose). 16 females (32 SOV), aged 17-42 months, and body condition score of 2.5-4 (1-5 scale) were used in randomized cross-over. At the start of treatment (D0), the animals received progesterone device and 2mg of estradiol benzoate. The females from the conventional group received 250 IU of FSH/LH divided into eight decreasing doses administered at intervals of 12 hours (FSH/LH in D4, D5, D6 and D7, with their respective strengths: 50.0 IU, 37.5 IU, 25.0 IU, 12.5 IU). In D7, the females were treated with 150μg of D+cloprostenol, and the removal of progesterone device was held in the afternoon. The females from the split group also received 250 IU of FSH/LH. In the morning D4 was administered in 62.5 IU FSH/LH IM and 125 IU subcutaneously. Forty eight hours later (D6) 62.5 IU was administered subcutaneously in the morning and on D7, the progesterone device was removed and 150 μg of D+cloprostenol was applied. The females in both groups were given 50 μg of GnRH in the morning and on D8 were inseminated after 12 and 24 hours. On D15 the embryo collection was performed in both treatments. The evaluation of superovulatory response was done by counting the number of follicles and corpus luteum (CL) in each ovary, with the aid of ultrasound. The variables were assessed by Student's t test for paired samples. There were differences (P<0.05) in the number of follicles over 8mm in D8 (9.06±4.54 and 5.50±4.59); in the amount of CL at the time of collection (8.12±3.26 and 4.69±3.46), total number of embryos (6.69±3.05 and 3.37±2.50) and viable embryos (5.25±2.29 and 2.37±1.78) for cows in the conventional group compared to the split group, respectively. It is concluded that the split protocol has worse superovulatory response and in vivo production of embryos in zebu cows compared with the conventional protocol.

The aim of this study was to compare the reproductive efficiency in dairy cows with retained placenta (RP), treated with Florfenicol associated or not with Cloprostenol. One hundred and eight cows with RP from dairy herds in southern Minas Gerais state and northern São Paulo state, were included for this purpose. The experiment was designed in factorial 2X2 . The four treatments encompassed two levels of each factor : 1 ) Florfenicol - 4 0mg/kg ( IM) divided in two injections or 40mg / kg ( SC) in one injection after calving; 2) Cloprostenol (0.530mg) - two injections associated with florfenicol treatment or without cloprostenol. The analysis of discrete variables used the Kruskal - Wallis (fou r groups) or Wilcoxon (two groups) statistic to compare groups. The Student "T" test was used to compare means of continuous variables. The overall occurrence of RP was 20.7%. The florfenicol groups had no effects on postpartum uterine health or subsequent reproductive efficiency of the cows. The cloprostenol injections of RP hastened the uterine involution and decreased the occurrence of uterine infection, and increased the percentage of animals with corpus luteum between 25 and 40 days after parturition. The intervals from parturition to first artificial insemination (AI) and to conception, as well as the number of AI per conception were reduced in the cloprostenol treatment.

Avaliou-se a eficiência de um protocolo de inseminação artificial em tempo fixo (IATF), para melhorar o desempenho reprodutivo de vacas Nelore primíparas, lactantes e acíclicas. Utilizaram-se 350 vacas com escore de condição corporal médio de 2,65±0,01 e média de dias pós-parto de 67,35±1,0 dias. A estação de monta (EM) foi de 180 dias. Os animais foram distribuídos em: G1(n=61) e G3(n=116) - vacas com presença de folículos ovarianos ≤8mm de diâmetro e sem corpo lúteo (CL); G2(n=57) e G4(n=116) - vacas com folículos ≥8mm e sem CL. As vacas do G1 e do G2 permaneceram em monta natural (MN) a partir do dia zero da EM. G3 e G4 foram tratados (dia zero) com 2mg de benzoato de estradiol (BE), IM, e dispositivo com 1,0g de P4 por oito dias. Retirou-se a P4, administraram-se 400UI de eCG e 75µg de cloprostenol, IM, 24h após, e 1mg BE, IM. A IATF foi realizada 51-54h após retirar P4. Aos cinco dias após término da IATF, as vacas do G3 e do G4 também foram mantidas em MN. Avaliou-se, por ultrassonografia, a presença de CL e realizou-se o diagnóstico de gestação, aos 45 e 210 dias após início da EM. Aos 45 dias, mais animais do G3, 42,2%, e do G4, 51,7%, estavam gestantes (P<0,05), em relação aos do G1, 0%, e do G2, 3,5%. A porcentagem de CL foi de 6,6%; 28,1%; 50,9%; 62,9% em G1, G2, G3 e G4, respectivamente. Aos 210 dias, 22,9% do G1; 45,6% do G2; 40,5% do G3 e 65,5% do G4 estavam gestantes. Os períodos de serviço foram: em G1, 134,00±11,70 dias; em G2, 119,65±8,27 dias; em G3, 79,91±5,38 dias; e em G4, 81,40±4,59 dias. A IATF foi eficiente para melhorar o desempenho reprodutivo de vacas Nelore primíparas lactantes acíclicas em relação ao manejo apenas da MN.

The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the efficiency of a fixed-time artificial insemination protocol to improve the reproductive performance of lactating primiparous acyclic Nelore cows. A total of 350 cows with average body condition score of 2.65±0.01 and average postpartum days of 67.35±1.0 were used. The breeding season (MS) was 180 days. The animals were distributed into G1 (n = 61) and G3 (n = 116) - cows with ovarian follicles ≤8mm in diameter and without corpus luteum (CL). G2 (n = 57) and G4 (n = 116) groups - cows with follicles ≥8mm and without CL. Cows in G1 and G2 remained in natural mating (NM) from day 0 of MS. G3 and G4 were treated (Day 0) with 2mg of oestradiol benzoate (EB), IM, and 1.0g P4 device for eight days. The withdrawal of P4 was administered with 400IU of eCG and cloprostenol 75μg, IM, after 24h, and 1mg BE, IM. The artificial insemination was performed at 51-54h after removing the P4 device. Five days after the end of the artificial insemination, cows from G3 and G4 were also held in MN. Ultrasonography was performed to evaluate the presence of CL and the pregnancy diagnosis at days 45 and 210 after the onset of MS. At 45 days more animals in G3, 42.2% and G4, 51.7% were pregnant (P <0.05) than in G1, 0% and G2, 3.5%. The CL percentage was 6.6%, 28.1%, 50.9%, 62.9% in G1, G2, G3 and G4, respectively. At 210 days 22.9% in G1, 45.6% in G2, 40.5% in G3 and 65.5% in G4 were pregnant. The service periods were: G1, 134.00±11.70 days; G2, 119.65±8.27 days, in G3, 79.91±5.38 days, and G4, 81.40±4.59 days. The fixed-time artificial insemination was efficient to improve the reproductive performance of primiparous lactating Nelore acyclic cows compared to animals that remained only with natural mating.