RESUMEN Este estudio analizó la trayectoria de los intereses y prioridades relacionados con la seguridad alimentaria expresados en los informes de las cinco Conferencias Nacionales de Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional (Conferências Nacionais de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional - CNSAN) realizadas en Brasil entre 1994 y 2015. La investigación fue sistematizada a través del análisis de contenido con un enfoque cuantitativo y cualitativo. Las dimensiones de la seguridad alimentaria se identificaron en las 1.181 propuestas de acción evaluadas a través de un modelo de análisis que consta de 3 categorías transversales, 8 categorías temáticas y 10 subcategorías. El análisis de contenido temporal reveló: continua reducción de las demandas de “acceso universal a una alimentación adecuada”, especialmente en la subcategoría “empleo e ingresos”; predominio de la categoría “estructuración de sistemas sostenibles de producción y abastecimiento de alimentos” con un aumento progresivo de la subcategoría “incentivo a la producción basada en la agroecología”; y mayores demandas de “priorización de los pueblos y comunidades tradicionales”. La línea de tiempo sugiere diferentes contribuciones de las Conferencias a la evolución del debate sobre la seguridad alimentaria en Brasil. Sin embargo, la inserción de los actores sociales en el proceso de formulación de la Política Nacional de Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional de Brasil no garantizó la incorporación de los problemas en la agenda pública, que debe ser reconquistada y profundizada en los procesos de toma de decisiones. Los hallazgos atestiguan la importancia de la participación social para la calificación teórica y política de la seguridad alimentaria en Brasil.

ABSTRACT This study analyzed the trajectory of interests and priorities related to food security expressed in the reports of the five National Food and Nutritional Security Conferences (Conferências Nacionais de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional - CNSAN) held in Brazil between 1994 and 2015. The documentary research was systematized through content analysis with a quantitative and qualitative focus. Food security dimensions were identified in the 1,181 action proposals assessed through an analysis model consisting of 3 cross-sectional categories, 8 thematic categories, and 10 subcategories. The temporal content analysis revealed: continuous reduction in demands for “universal access to adequate food”, especially in the subcategory “employment and income”; constant predominance of the category “structuring sustainable food production and supply systems” with a progressive increase in the subcategory “incentive to agroecology-based production”; and increased demands for “prioritization of traditional peoples and communities”. The timeline suggests different contributions of the Conferences to the evolution of the debate on food security in Brazil. However, the insertion of social actors in the process of formulating the Brazilian National Food and Nutritional Security Policy did not guarantee the incorporation of the problems into the public agenda, which should be re-established and deepened in the decision-making processes. The findings attest to the importance of social participation for the theoretical and political qualification of food security in Brazil.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a condição física e a potencialidade de uso agrícola de um solo construído após mineração com carvão, além do desenvolvimento radicular de gramíneas tropicais nesse solo, tendo-se considerado diferentes períodos de revegetação. O solo foi construído no início de 2003, e o experimento instalado em novembro/dezembro de 2007. A condição física do solo construído foi avaliada nas parcelas ocupadas por gramíneas perenes, como Urochloa humidicola, Panicum maximum e U. brizantha. Em julho de 2012, foram coletadas amostras de solo com estrutura preservada e não preservada para a determinação dos atributos físico-químicos, nas camadas de 0,00-0,10, 0,10-0,20 e 0,20-0,30 m. Monólitos de solo foram coletados para caracterização do sistema radicular das diferentes gramíneas. Após 58 meses de revegetação, a condição física do solo construído ainda é inadequada ao uso agrícola que envolva práticas mais intensivas de manejo de solo. Entre as camadas avaliadas, somente a de 0,00-0,10 m fornece condições para que o solo cumpra suas funções no ecossistema. Urochloa brizantha mostra-se mais promissora para a recuperação da estrutura do solo na camada de 0,00-0,10 m, e a densidade radicular foi o atributo mais sensível para a diferenciação do desenvolvimento potencial das diferentes espécies nesta camada.

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the root development of the physical condition and the potential of agricultural use of a constructed minesoil after coal mining, besides the root development of tropical grasses in this soil, considering different revegetation periods. The soil was constructed in early 2003, and the experiment was installed in November/December 2007. Soil physical condition was evaluated in plots vegetated with perennial grasses such as Urochloa humidicola, Panicum maximum, and U. brizantha. In July 2012, disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were taken for determining physical and chemical attributes in the 0.00-0.10, 0.10-0.20, and 0.20-0.30-m soil layers. Soil monoliths were collected for characterizing the root system. After 58 months of revegetation, the physical condition of the constructed minesoil is still inadequate to an agricultural use that requires intensive soil management. Among the evaluated layers, only the 0.00-0.10-m layer provides conditions for the soil to function properly in the ecosystem. Urochloa brizantha was more promising for the recovery of soil structure in the 0.00-0.10-m soil layer, and root density was the most sensitive attribute to distinguish the potential development of the different species in this layer.

ABSTRACT: Studies addressing the potential of grass roots in improving the structural quality of constructed minesoils are not frequent in the literature, although they are essential for understanding the re-establishment of soil functions in the environment. The objective of this study was to quantify the root attributes of the species Urochloa humidicola, Panicum maximum, and Urochloa brizantha and relate them to the physical properties of a constructed minesoil in reclamation of an area degraded by coal mining. The study was performed in a field experiment in a coal mining area located in southern Brazil. Soil samples were collected, five years after experiment installation, to determine bulk density, macroporosity, distribution of water stable aggregates expressed in different size classes, mean weight diameter of water stable aggregates, and organic carbon content, as well as for chemical characterization. Root sampling was performed by the monolith method to a depth of 0.30 m. Results confirm the hypothesis that the root system of the perennial grasses studied positively contributes to recovery of the constructed minesoil in the 0.00-0.10 m layer after 58 months of revegetation. The higher percentage of large aggregates, higher bulk density, and lower macroporosity in the subsurface indicate the presence of degraded layers, negatively influencing the development of the grass root system. Urochloa brizantha exhibited the largest root matter in the surface layer, influencing the breakdown of the large and cohesive aggregates, transforming them into smaller crumbly aggregates. In the 0.10-0.20 m layer, Urochloa humidicola showed greater volume and root length in relation to other species; nevertheless, changes in soil physical properties were not observed, showing that the time span of the root growth of the species was not sufficient to provide improvements in the subsurface layers.

RESUMO Os solos construídos após a extração de carvão a céu aberto são compostos do solo superficial e, ou, do estéril de mineração. As propriedades químicas desses solos diferem das propriedades dos solos naturais, principalmente em razão do processo de sulfurização. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial de acidificação da pirita e de contaminação com metais pesados ao longo de perfis de solos construídos após mineração de carvão, em áreas de diferentes idades, com e sem recuperação ambiental concomitante com a lavra. Foram selecionadas áreas mineradas denominadas de I e II, sem recuperação ambiental durante a lavra e compostas somente pelo estéril de mineração, representando as áreas mais antigas, e IV e VII, contendo topsoil e em alguns locais na camada de argila, constituindo as áreas mais jovens deste estudo. Foram coletadas amostras deformadas até 2 m de profundidade. Analisaram-se granulometria, densidade de partículas, pH em água, Ca, Mg, Al, K, Na, P, H+Al, potencial de acidificação, potencial de neutralização, potencial líquido, teor de C orgânico e condutividade elétrica no extrato da pasta saturada. Também foram extraídos os metais potencialmente biodisponíveis pela metodologia USEPA 3050B, cujos resultados foram comparados com os valores orientadores de prevenção e investigação para solos. Na análise univariada, foi aplicada a estatística descritiva e o teste de aderência de Kolmogorov-Smirnov. O grau de dispersão de cada variável foi avaliado qualitativamente e classificado como: baixo, moderado ou alto. A análise multivariada de componentes principais foi realizada para os solos construídos das áreas I, II, IV e VII; posteriormente, foram construídos biplots dos primeiros componentes principais. Os solos construídos das áreas mais antigas evidenciaram menores pHs e significativo potencial de acidificação. As camadas superficiais detopsoil, dos solos das áreas IV e VII, apesar de proporcionar condições químicas favoráveis ao estabelecimento de culturas agrícolas, não evitaram a formação de drenagem ácida em profundidade. O processo de sulfurização e sua relação com a liberação de metais foi melhor caracterizado pela análise de componentes principais realizada nas áreas IV e VII, em razão da correlação entre pH e saturação por bases nos estéreis só se expressar em saturações por bases acima de 40 %, não observada nos materiais dos estéreis das áreas I e II.

ABSTRACT Soils rebuilt after coal strip mining is composed of topsoil and, or, overburden, and their chemical properties differ from those of natural soils mainly due to the sulfurization process. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential for acidification from sulfides and heavy metal contamination across profiles of soils rebuilt after coal mining, in areas of different ages, with and without concomitant environmental reclamation during mine operations. Mining areas of different ages were selected: areas I and II, without environmental reclamation during extraction and composed only from overburden, representing the oldest areas; and areas IV and VII, containing topsoil and, in some profiles, a clay layer (B and BC horizons from the natural soil) between the topsoil and the overburden, constituting the younger rebuilt mine soils. Soil pits were opened and disturbed samples were collected up to a depth of 2 m. Determinations were made of soil particle size, particle density, pH, Ca, Mg, Al, K, Na, P, H+Al, acidity potential, neutralization potential, net potential, organic C content, and electrical conductivity in saturated paste. In addition, potentially bioavailable metals were extracted by the USEPA 3050B method (Fe, Al, Mn, Ba, Cu, Zn, C, Cr, Co, Cd, Pb, Mo, As, and Se), and the results were compared to the guideline values of prevention and investigation for soils. In univariate analysis, descriptive statistics and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test were applied. The degree of dispersion of each variable, expressed by the coefficient of variation, was qualitatively evaluated and classified as low, moderate, or high. Multivariate principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out for the constructed mine soils of areas I and II, and IV and VII, and then biplots were applied to the first principal components. The rebuilt mine soils from the oldest areas (I and II) showed lower pH (<3.2) and higher acidification potential. The topsoil and clay layers in areas IV and VII, in spite of providing favorable chemical conditions for surface vegetation, did not prevent acid mine drainage from developing in the subsurface. The sulfurization process and its relationship to release of metals was best characterized by principal component analysis performed in soils from areas IV and VII because the correlation between pH and base saturation in overburden layers is only expressed in base saturation above 40 %, which was not observed in rebuilt mine soils from areas I and II.

The aim of this work was to study the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) as a tool of quality control of bovine sera and cellular cultures used in the biotechnological industry. A total of 46 samples of bovine sera derived from two slaughterhouses and 33 samples of BHK21 cells derived from two biotechnological industries were evaluated using the primers GPO-3 (sense) and MGSO (antisense). The PCR technique sensibility analysis showed that 280 bp were amplified for the quantities of 50 ng to 0.006 ng of Micoplasma DNA. The primers specificity was confirmed in the test using Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilisand Candida albicans; except by the positive control, none of the samples showed amplification. The presence of Mycoplasma in bovine sera and in the cultures of BHK21 cells showed that 56.5 and 15.2%, respectively, were contaminated. Thus, it was possible to conclude that PCR was a fast and confident technique to detect mycoplasma and that it could be used to control the quality of immunobiological products and inputs, such as sera and cultures of BHK21 cells.

Surface coal mining causes an intense topographic and hydrologic change in the area with suppression of local vegetation, degrading the environment. One main problem presented by the rehabilitated soil refers to physical disruption of the soil, which delays the regrowth of plant species in the mining area. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of four grass species in the retrieval of the rehabilitated soil's physical properties at a recovered coal mine area in Candiota, Rio Grande do Sul State, southern Brazil. With the data an ANOVA was performed and treatments means were compared using Tukey test (p ≤0.05). The treatments were: T1-Hemarthria altissima; T2-Paspalum notatum; T3-Cynodon dactylon; T4-Urochloa brizantha; a rehabilitated soil without vegetation cover was used as control. Preserved soil samples after 78 months were collected in the 0.00-0.10 m and 0.10-0.20 m layers to determine bulk density, total porosity, macroporosity, microporosity and available water capacity. The process of rehabilitation of coal mined areas was slow due to the high degree of degradation that occurs during the extraction of coal and the topographic recovery of the area, adversely affecting the structural quality of the soils. The assessed grasses showed potential to reclaim these areas, since improvements were observed in the values of the soil attributes over time, especially in the 0.00-0.10 m layer. After 78 months of evaluation, U. brizantha showed the higher potential to recover the physical properties of the compacted rehabilitated mine soils.

La minería del carbón en superficie provoca un intenso cambio topográfico e hidrológico en la zona por la supresión de la vegetación local, degradando el ambiente. Un problema principal presentado por el suelo rehabilitado es la perturbación física del suelo, lo que retrasa el rebrote de las especies vegetales en el área minera. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la influencia de cuatro especies de gramíneas en la recuperación de las propiedades físicas del suelo en un área minera de carbón rehabilitada en Candiota, Rio Grande do Sul, sur de Brasil. Con los datos se realizó un ANDEVA y las medias de los tratamientos se compararon con la prueba de Tukey (p≤ 0.05). Los tratamientos fueron: T1-Hemarthria altissima; T2- Paspalum notatum; T3-Cynodon dactylon; T4-Urochloa brizantha; un suelo rehabilitado sin cubierta vegetal se usó como testigo. Muestras de suelo protegido se recolectaron después de 78 meses en capas de 0.00-0.10 m and 0.10-0.20 m para determinar densidad aparente, porosidad total, macroporosidad, microporosidad y capacidad de agua disponible. El proceso de rehabilitación de las zonas de minas de carbón fue lento debido al grado alto de degradación producido durante la extracción de carbón y la recuperación topográfica de la zona, lo que afecta negativamente la calidad estructural de los suelos. Las gramíneas evaluadas mostraron potencial para recuperar estas áreas, ya que se observaron mejoras en los valores de los atributos del suelo en el tiempo, especialmente en la capa de 0.00 a 0.10 m. Después de 78 meses de evaluación, U. brizantha mostró el potencial mayor para recuperar las propiedades físicas de los suelos rehabilitados de las minas.

Heavy metals and pesticides are usually associated with the main problems humankind has created in the natural environment. However, compounds with characteristics of essential macronutrients are causing serious environmental changes that could intensify, compromising the diversity of life on the planet. This is the case of nitrogen compounds, produced by industrial processes for use in intensive agriculture in addition to those unwittingly produced from human activities, available in excess in the environment. These compounds warrant greater attention from researchers in various fields of knowledge and public agencies for environmental control, toward minimizing their availability in the environment, thereby returning conditions closer to the natural environmental balance of the planet.

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar, dentro do contexto específico de compras na internet, a relação entre características pessoais e intenções de compra, com o propósito de entender o papel da atitude ante a compra pela internet e da familiaridade do consumidor com compras on-line nessa relação. Uma pesquisa descritiva conclusiva foi elaborada visando compreender o efeito de quatro características pessoais: autoeficácia, inovatividade, necessidade de interação social e necessidade de interação sensorial, na familiaridade, na atitude ante a compra pela internet e na intenção de compra on-line. Com base na literatura, um modelo foi construído e testado, usando análise fatorial confirmatória para avaliar o modelo de medidas e análise de equações estruturais para testar as hipóteses deste trabalho. Ao todo, foram aplicados 233 questionários, e os resultados indicaram que existe uma relação significativa entre as características pessoais estudadas e familiaridade com compras na internet. A necessidade de interação social apresentou impacto direto na familiaridade e na atitude, destacando-se como uma característica-chave no processo de compra on-line. Ainda, como resultado, confirmou-se que a familiaridade medeia as relações entre as características pessoais e a atitude ante a compra na internet. Esta última exerce papel central na formação do comportamento de compra, sendo fortemente influenciada pela familiaridade e influenciando diretamente as intenções de compra. Como implicação teórica deste trabalho, tem-se o exame de questões ainda pouco exploradas no campo de conhecimento do comportamento do consumidor on-line, como o papel das características pessoais e da atitude na intenção de compra on-line. Como implicação gerencial, este trabalho proporciona aos administradores um entendimento maior sobre os fatores que influenciam a compra eletrônica.

The present research aims to analyze, within the specific context of internet shopping, what is the relationship between personal traits and purchase intention, seeking to understand what is the role of attitude toward online purchase and the consumer familiarity with online shopping in that relationship. A survey was conducted in order to understand the effect of four personal traits: self-efficacy, inherent novelty seeking, need for interaction, and need for touch in the familiarity, in the attitude and in the online purchase intention. Based on the literature review, a model was built and tested, using Confirmatory Factor Analysis to evaluate the measurement model and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to test the hypotheses of this work. A total of 233 graduate students answered to the survey. The results demonstrated that there is a significant relationship between personal traits, familiarity and attitude toward online purchase. The need for social interaction was the most relevant personal trait having a direct impact on the familiarity and attitude, being a key feature in the online buying process. Furthermore, as a result, it was confirmed that familiarity mediates the relationship between personal traits and attitude toward online shopping. The latter plays a central role shaping the purchasing behavior, being strongly influenced by familiarity, and affecting directly the purchase intention. The theoretical implication of this study is to investigate the still largely unexplored field of knowledge of online consumer behavior, such as the role of attitude and personal traits in the online purchase intention. As a managerial implication, this study gives practitioners a better understanding of the factors that influence online shopping.

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar, en el contexto específico de compras por internet, cuál es la relación entre características personales e intención de compra, buscando comprender cuál es el papel de la actitud ante la compra por internet y la familiaridad del consumidor con compras online en esta relación. Una investigación descriptiva conclusiva ha sido elaborada con el propósito de comprender el efecto de cuatro características personales - autoeficacia, innovatividad, necesidad de interacción social y necesidad de interacción sensorial - en la familiaridad, en la actitud ante la compra por internet y en la intención de compra online. Con base en la literatura un modelo ha sido construido y testado, utilizándose análisis factorial confirmatorio para valorar el modelo de medidas y análisis de ecuaciones estructurales para testar las hipótesis de este artículo. En total han sido aplicados 233 cuestionarios, y los resultados han indicado que hay una relación significativa entre las características personales estudiadas y la familiaridad con las compras por internet. La necesidad de interacción social ha impactado directamente la familiaridad y la actitud, destacándose como una característica esencial en el proceso de compra online. Además, como resultado, se ha confirmado que la familiaridad media las relaciones entre las características personales y la actitud ante la compra online. Esta juega un rol central en la formación del comportamiento de compra, siendo fuertemente influenciada por la familiaridad e influenciando directamente las intenciones de compra. La implicación teórica de este artículo es examinar cuestiones aún poco exploradas en el área de conocimiento del comportamiento del consumidor online como actitud y el papel de las características personales en la intención de compra online. Como implicación gerencial, este artículo ofrece a los administradores más entendimiento sobre los factores que influencian las compras electrónicas.

Las elevadas tasas de sobrepeso y obesidad en los escolares han planteado la necesidad de aplicar estrategias para promover la alimentación saludable en esta población. Santa Catarina fue el primer estado brasileño a crear legislación para regular los alimentos vendidos en las cantinas escolares (Ley nº 12.061/2001). El objetivo fue realizar un diagnóstico sobre el funcionamiento de las cantinas en ocho municipios polos de Santa Catarina, comprobando si los alimentos vendidos están de conformidad con la Ley. Se aplicó un cuestionario a los directores y responsables de las cantinas. Se usó la Teoría de la Respuesta al Ítem para comprobar los niveles de adecuación a la Ley. Los participantes del estudio fueron 345 escuelas. De éstas, 156 (45%) tienen cantina. La presencia de la cantina fue estatísticamente mayor en la red privada (p<0.001) La mayoría de las cantinas (n=105; 68,2%) no vende snacks fritos, refrescos, palomitas de maíz industrializadas, caramelos, chicles o bocadillos industrializados. Los puntos con mayor dificultad de adecuación a la Ley fueron los jugos no naturales y la disponibilidad diaria de frutas. Sólo 7,1% de las cantinas tenían mural sobre alimentación. Muchas cantinas venden alimentos de bajo valor nutricional. La vigilancia de estos establecimientos es necesaria, junto con acciones educativas destinadas a los propietarios de las cantinas y a los estudiantes. La formación de los propietarios de las cantinas será la estrategia para garantizar la viabilidad económica y la posibilidad concreta de la cantina convertirse a su vez en una zona de promoción de la salud

The high prevalence of overweight and obesity among schoolchildren in Brazil and worldwide has shown that strategies to promote healthy eating habits are needed. Santa Catarina was the first Brazilian State to promulgate specific legislation to regulate the food commercialized in schools (Law nº 12.061/2001). The objective was to assess the functioning of school canteens in eight key municipalities of Santa Catarina, investigating whether the foods sold were in accordance with the Law. A questionnaire was completed by the principals and those responsible for the canteens. Item Response Theory was used to examine the levels of compliance with the Law. In all 345 schools took part. Of these, 156 (45%) had a canteen. The presence of a canteen was significantly higher in the private sector (p<0.001) The majority of the canteens (n=105; 68.2%) did not sell fried snacks, soft drinks, industrialised popcorn, hard candies, lollipops and chewing gum and industrialised packaged snacks. The items which were least likely to comply with the Law were juices and the daily availability of fruits. The notice board on diet was present in only 7.1% of the establishments. Many canteens offered items of low nutritional value. The inspection of these establishments is necessary, together with educational actions targeting the proprietors of the canteens as well as the schools themselves. Training for the canteen’s proprietors may constitute a strategy that will guarantee the economic viability of these establishments and the possibility of them being transforming into places of health promotion

No sistema pré-germinado de cultivo de arroz, a área é inundada antes da semeadura e, cerca de três dias após, promove-se a drenagem inicial para favorecer o estabelecimento das plântulas, ocasionando a perda de água e de nutrientes. Assim, testaram três manejos de irrigação: [M1], retirada da água três dias após a semeadura; [M2], retirada de água aos 30 dias após a semeadura e [M3], sem retirada de água, associados a cultivares de arroz, com o objetivo de avaliar a produtividade do arroz e a perda de nutrientes via água de drenagem. Os manejos testados não influenciaram os parâmetros avaliados na cultura do arroz. Para a produtividade, os valores oscilaram conforme as características de cada ano, obtendo-se médias de 5.100, 9.565 e 7.078kg ha-1 para as safras 2002/03, 2003/04 e 2004/05, respectivamente. Apenas em 2003/04, as cultivares diferiram em produtividade. Nas safras 2002/03 e 2003/04, as perdas de fósforo foram semelhantes entre os tratamentos, mas, em 2004/05, ocorreram maiores perdas quando a água foi retirada aos três dias após a semeadura. Para potássio, as maiores concentrações também foram observadas nas amostras de água coletadas aos três dias após a semeadura. Os resultados indicam que deve-se manter lâmina contínua, pois este manejo proporciona a preservação dos nutrientes dentro da lavoura, não afeta a produtividade e reduz o impacto ambiental nos mananciais hídricos.

In the pre-germinate system, the rice field is flooded before sowing and about three days later, the initial drainage takeplace in order to promote the plants initial growth but there occurs loss of nutrients and water. Then, three irrigation managements have been evaluated: water removal three days after sowing, water removal 30 days after sowing and without water removal, associating three rice cultivars with the objective to measuring rice grains yield, and loos nutrients with water removal. The water managements evaluated have not influenced the rice plant parameters. The grains yield varied according to the year, with an average 5,100, 9,565 and 7,078kg ha-1 ha in the years 2002/03, 2003/04 and 2004/05, respectively. Only in 2003/04, the grains yield was different among the rice cultivars. In 2002/03 and 2003/04, the phosphorous nutrient was similar among treatments, but in 2004/05 a great loss occurred when water removed three days after sowing. Concerning potassium, the highest concentrations were observed in water when it was removed three days after sowing. Results demonstrate that a continuous water sheet should be kept to preserve the nutrients within the field since it does not affect the crop yield and reduce the environmental impact of the water bodies.

Bowdichia virgilioides, es una planta medicinal utilizada por la etnia Tacana, las hojas de este árbol fueron colectadas, en época seca, en la Prov. Abel Iturralde, Bolivia. Las hojas secas y pulverizadas fueron sometidas a maceración con diclorometano y el extracto crudo no presento actividad antipalúdica a dosis de 10μg/mL, frente a Plasmodium falciparum (cepa F32, sensible a la cloroquina). Estudios cromatográficos del extracto crudo y análisis espectroscópicos de las sustancias aisladas nos han permitido identificar: Lupeol (1), Lupenona (2), β-sitosterol (3), estigmasterol (4) y β-amirina (5), como los principales componentes triterpénicos acompañados de ácidos grasos no identificados.

Bowdichia virgilioides, is a medicinal plant used by the Tacana ethnic group. The leaves of this tree were collected, during the dry season, in the Abel Iturralde province, Bolivia. The dry and pulverized leaves were macerated with methilenechloride, and the raw extract did not show activity at 10μg/mL, against Plasmodium falciparum (strand F32, sensible to chloroquine). Chromatographic studies of the crude extract and spectroscopical analysis of the isolated substances allowed us to identify: Lupeol (1), Lupenone (2), β-sitosterol (3), stigmasterol (4) and β-amyrine (5), as the main triterpenes components along with non identified fatty acids.