Abstract Paper Aims This work aims to identify the socio-environmental attributes related to the label ‘Brazilian Organic Product – BOP- perceived by consumers of organic foods. Originality This paper is pioneering in the understanding of the attributes of BOP label in Brazil by consumers. Also, is unique in exploring the dimensions “organic’, “environmental” and “social” based on Brazilian law regarding organic food and the Guidelines of the Certifiers of Organic Products in Brazil. Research method A survey was conducted with 106 consumers of organic foods and an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was carried out. Main findings Results showed that eight dimensions of attributes (Labor Laws and Social Incentive; Social and Environmental Practices; Environmental Management; Social and Environmental Protection; Environmental Preservation; Natural Products; Animal and Social Welfare; Non-renewable resources) influence consumer’s perception about the BOP label. Implications for theory and practice For theory this study shows how consumers perceive socio environmental attributes through labels and how this perception can motivate the purchase. For practice, intended to provide insights for marketing managers to better improve information on the labels Also, provide information to public policy managers to improve policies that can reach out more consumers.

ABSTRACT The study proposes the development of a framework that can take advantage of the Design and Analysis of Computer Experiments (DACE) more efficiently. The need for rapid product development cycles creates a demand for tools that aid in decision making. One of these tools is Computer Aided Engineering which uses the Finite Element Method that requires a long time to be executed. The philosophy of Design of Experiments and the construction of empirical models have been used together with physical simulations. After a theoretical review, two cases were applied to product development and the results were analyzed. A theoretical framework based on the experience gained from the empirical studies conducted was proposed. Despite the existence of many studies on the subject where mathematical and statistical aspects are explored, there is a lack of studies related to practical and operational issues regarding the application of DACE.

O presente trabalho visa avaliar os princípios e ferramentas da produção mais limpa utilizados pelas empresas brasileiras e, de forma específica, entender como estes princípios são agrupados e organizados pelas organizações de maneira a tornar mais efetivos tais princípios. Foi utilizado para coleta de dados o survey exploratório em organizações associadas ao Instituto Ethos. Para a análise dos dados foram utilizadas estatísticas descritivas e análise multivariada, consubstanciando seis conjuntos de fatores explicativos. A estatística descritiva indicou que mais de 68% das empresas brasileiras pesquisadas adotaram o planejamento e controle da produção com educação ambiental com foco na análise da intensidade de material para redução de emissões e resíduos na produção, além da substituição e desenvolvimento de insumos tradicionais em ecológicos junto aos fornecedores, visando desenvolver produto ambientalmente correto. Entretanto, a adoção desses princípios exigiu investimento em pesquisa e inovação e treinamentos em educação ambiental, gerando aumento dos custos operacionais. Já os princípios menos utilizados pelas empresas explicam a falta de conhecimentos sobre as normas de rotulagem ambiental (13%), AA1000 para inclusividade dos stakeholders nas decisões operacionais (25%) e de Eco-Management Audit System (28%). Os princípios foram agrupados em seis fatores pelas empresas, que são: (i) a adoção de produção mais limpa e ecologia industrial com sistema de gestão ambiental baseada na ISO 14001, visando o desenvolvimento de projetos para o meio ambiente no produto, processo produtivo e redes logísticas; (ii) a cocriação com os clientes no desenvolvimento de produto ecológico com foco na logística reversa de remanufatura; (iii) a adoção de planejamento e controle da produção ambiental favoreceu o investimento em pesquisa e inovação com foco na redução de riscos ambientais externos; (iv) a cocriação com os fornecedores para o desenvolvimento de matérias-primas e componentes ecológicos, além de promover sistema de auditorias; (v) a adoção de gestão da cadeia de suprimentos verde para selecionar fornecedores sustentáveis e implantar o método SBP para o desdobramento dos indicadores ambientais; e, finalmente, (vi) a intensificação de treinamentos aos fornecedores sobre educação ambiental para auxiliar nas ações de logística reversa de pós-consumo e pós-venda para reuso, remanufatura e reciclagem.

The present study aims to evaluate the principles and tools of cleaner production used by Brazilian companies and, specifically, understand how these principles are grouped and organized by organizations in order to make them more effective. An exploratory survey of organizations associated with the Ethos Institute was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis were used to analyze the data, consolidating six sets of explanatory factors. Descriptive statistics indicated that over 68% of the Brazilian firms surveyed have adopted the planning and control of production with environmental education focusing on the analysis of the intensity of material to reduce emissions and waste production, besides the replacement of traditional inputs by ecological ones in order to develop environmentally friendly products. However, the adoption of these principles required investment in research and innovation and training in environmental education, generating increased operating costs. On the other hand, the principles less commonly used by companies explain the lack of knowledge on standards of environmental labeling (13%), AA1000 for inclusiveness of stakeholders in operational decisions (25%), and Eco-Management and Audit System (28%). The principles were grouped into six factors by company, as follows: (i) the adoption of cleaner production and industrial ecology and environmental management system based on ISO 14001, aiming to develop projects for the environment in the product, production process, and logistics networks; (ii) co-creation with customers in the development of environmentally friendly products with a focus on reverse logistics for remanufacturing; (iii) the adoption of planning and control of environmental production favored investment in research and innovation aiming to reduce external environmental risks; (iv) co-creation with suppliers to develop environmentally friendly raw materials and components, in addition to promoting an audit system; (v) the adoption of management of green supply chain vendors to select and implement the SBP sustainable method for the unfolding of environmental indicators; and finally, (vi) the intensification of training on environmental education in the suppliers to assist in reverse logistics actions of post-consumer and post-sale for reuse, remanufacturing, and recycling.

ABSTRACT Objective: The key objective of this paper is to show the primary environmental influences exerted by the government, economic agents and society on companies for the implementation of the principles and tools of cleaner production (CP), and the attributes (power, legitimacy and urgency) used by stakeholders to coerce companies into adopting these principles. Design/methodology/approach: The research method employed was the application of an exploratory survey in 102 Brazilian companies and the multi-varied evaluation of data by means of multiple correspondent analysis. Findings: The study shows that some principles of CP are little used by companies in Brazil. Concerning the influences on the adoption of CP, the government, economic agents and society are singled out as the important influencers. The government influence is manifest through the adoption of environmental regulating measures (power) in conjunction with sincere actions in environmental education (influence). The economic agents possess the power, legitimacy and urgency to influence the adoption of CP. Society’s influences are less relevant, in that Brazilian society has much less awareness of sustainable production and consumption as compared to other countries. Practical implications: This study shows that it is vital that Brazilian society learns more about sustainable production, because a society with no environmental conscience is a society with little means to demand the implementation of CP. Originality/value: The results of the study represent an important theoretical contribution in that, at present, there is little literature on the relationship between stakeholders and Cleaner Production. This is the first study in Brazil to address the subject.

Este estudo visa avaliar as influências dos stakeholdersna determinação de uma Governança Corporativa voltada à Produção Mais Limpa (P+L). Primeiramente identificaram-se na literatura três constructos que exercem influência sobre a governança da empresa para a implementação da P+L, que são: política pública, agentes econômicos e sociedade. Depois disso, realizou-se um surveyem empresas associadas ao Instituto Ethos. Para a avaliação estatística, utilizou-se a análise de componentes principais para dados categóricos ou nominais. Os resultados apontaram algumas tendências em termos de influências dos stakeholders, direcionando a mudanças de princípios da governança corporativa, que conseguinte impulsionam mudanças endógenas e incrementais no sistema de produção para a implantação da P+L. A política pública tende a taxar emissões de carbono das empresas e promover financiamento a juros baixos para investimento em tecnologias limpas e controle da produção no sistema de produção, o agente econômico tende a se conscientizar e obedecer a leis ambientais que levam à implantação de P+L, e a sociedade tende a comprar produtos ecológicos, além de denunciar práticas enganosas das empresas.

This study aims to evaluate the influence of stakeholders in determining a Corporate Governance focused on Cleaner Production (CP). First, three constructs that influence the governance of enterprises to implement CP were identified in the literature: public policy, economic agents, and society. After that, a survey was carried out in companies associated with the Ethos Institute. Regarding statistical analysis, principal components analysis was conducted for categorical or nominal data. The results showed some trends in terms of stakeholders' influences, directing changes in the principles of corporate governance, which consequently boost endogenous and incremental changes in the production system for the deployment of CP. Public policy tends to tax carbon emissions from companies and promote low-interest financing for investment in clean technologies and production control in the production system; the economic agent tends to become aware of and comply with environmental laws that lead to implantation of CP; and society tends to buy green products and report deceptive business practices.

Em 2003, foi criado o Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA), no qual agricultores familiares comercializam sua produção junto aos órgãos públicos municipais, que a repassam aos restaurantes populares e banco de alimentos. Com o desenvolvimento do PAA, tornou-se necessária a existência de um modelo de avaliação constante do desempenho dos fornecedores, ou seja, dos agricultores familiares. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo propor um modelo de avaliação dos fornecedores, utilizando um scorecard que avaliasse e classificasse o desempenho dos agricultores familiares do PAA da Secretaria Municipal de Agricultura e Abastecimento (SMAA) do município de São Carlos - SP. A revisão teórica abordou temas referentes à logística e à gestão da cadeia de suprimentos, à medição e avaliação de desempenho e o pedido perfeito. Para o desenvolvimento do estudo de caso, foram realizadas entrevistas com aplicação de questionários semiestruturados junto aos envolvidos no programa. Com base nas informações obtidas, elaborou-se um modelo, que busca conciliar as necessidades da SMAA com os requisitos de um pedido perfeito. O modelo avalia os fornecedores por meio dos indicadores de uniformidade, nível de maturidade, pragas e doenças, pontualidade, entrega completa e entrega futura. Sua aplicação tem o objetivo de promover o desenvolvimento dos fornecedores e contribuir para a melhoria do abastecimento de produtos.

The Food Purchase Program (FPP) was created in 2003. This program provides resources so that municipal governments can purchase the production of small farmers and pass it along to popular restaurants and food banks. A model for the evaluation of suppliers' performance became necessary as the FPP evolved. This article presents a proposal for a supplier evaluation model using a scorecard to assess and rank the performance of family farmers in the FPP of the municipality of Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo state, Brazil. The theoretical framework comprises themes related to logistics and supply chain management, measurement and evaluation of performance, and perfect order fulfillment. A semi-structured questionnaire was applied to the team of the program in order to collect data for the case study. Based on the information obtained, a model was designed to adjust the needs of the municipal government to the requirements of perfect order fulfillment. The model evaluates suppliers by means of the indicators of uniformity, maturity level, pests and diseases, timeliness, complete delivery, and future delivery. The application of this model will allow the municipal government to provide improvement actions.

Este trabalho apresenta e discute uma proposta baseada na teoria dos conjuntos fuzzy para predizer o desempenho de uma cadeia de suprimentos modelada de acordo com os relacionamentos causais entre medidas de desempenho propostas pelo SCOR (versão 8.0). O uso de sistemas de medição de desempenho para gerenciar o desempenho de cadeias de suprimentos apresenta algumas limitações tais como a dificuldade de interpretação de resultados de natureza qualitativa, assim como a complexidade de um sistema tradicional de medição de desempenho lidar adequadamente com os relacionamentos causais entre métricas de desempenho de diferentes processos de negócios ao longo da cadeia de suprimentos. Por outro lado, a Lógica Fuzzy, uma técnica apropriada para lidar com situações de incerteza e subjetividade, configura-se como uma alternativa interessante. Utilizando uma abordagem de pesquisa quantitativa descritiva, assumiu-se a hipótese de que um modelo de predição quantitativo poderia ser construído para explicar (no mínimo em parte) o comportamento de processos operacionais. Os resultados do modelo mostraram-se bastante consistentes à metodologia SCOR mark, proposta pelo Supply Chain Council. Análises estatísticas dos resultados, baseados no Método de Superfície de Resposta, também confirmaram a relevância dos relacionamentos causais incorporados no modelo. Em geral, os resultados reforçam que a proposição da adoção de um modelo de predição baseado em lógica fuzzy e nas métricas do SCOR parece ser uma abordagem possível para auxiliar os gerentes no processo de tomada de decisão do gerenciamento do desempenho em cadeias de suprimentos.

Supply chain measurement is a complex activity due to the broad taxonomy of variables (quantitative or qualitative; financial or non-financial, and others). This scenario results in a vague and subjective process to evaluate performance. Accordingly, the fuzzy logic seems to be a viable approach to measure Supply Chain Performance. This work proposes the creation of a simulation environment, developed on FuzzyTECH platform. It is based on a hierarchical model of SCOR metrics, which aims the assessment of the supply chain performance. The goal of such model is to evaluate systemically the supply chain performance establishing the cause-effect relation can be between performance attributes and levels 1 and 2 of the SCOR metrics. The findings showed great consistency when compared to the SCORmark approach suggested by the Supply Chain Council for a benchmarking process. The model is expected to be a useful tool in the supply chain performance diagnosis and improvement process contributing to strategic supply chain management decision-making processes.