Resumo As funções executivas (EFs) são consideradas um sistema de vários componentes associados, como inibição, memoria de trabalho, planejamento e outros. O estudo das EFs requer a avaliação da totalidade dos seus componentes, tendo em conta as caraterísticas sociodemográficas e cognitivas da população-alvo. A analise de variância é usada para atingir esse objetivo. No entanto, a análise HJ-Biplot supera suas limitações, permitindo o exame simultâneo de dados múltiplos, como os gerados nos estudos de EFs. Este estudo avalia as possíveis diferenças nas EFs de 80 crianças de 8 anos de idade na Colômbia segundo seu sexo, nível socioeconômico e tipo de escola que frequentam, para exemplificar as vantagens de usar a analise HJ-Biplot nos estudos neuropsicológicos.

Abstract Executive functions (EFs) are considered a multiple system of processing, associated with different components, such as inhibition, working memory, planning, among others. The study of EFs requires the assessment of all its components, having in mind the socio-demographic and cognitive characteristics of the target population. Nowadays, analysis of variance is used to achieve this goal; nevertheless, HJ-Biplot analysis overcome its limitations by allowing simultaneous examination of multiple data, such as those generated in EFs studies. This study evaluates possible differences in the EFs of 80 8-year-old Colombian children by their sex, socio-economic status and type of school they attend, to exemplify the advantages of using HJ-Biplot analysis in neuropsychological studies.

Objectives: Study the loss or reduction of the cellular adhesion mediated for E-cadherin in oral leukoplakias, oral squamous cell carcinomas and metastatic nodules. Study the loss of continuity of the laminin and collagen IV expression in the epithelial basal membrane from the biological development of the oral leukoplakias and oral carcinomas. Material and method: we have studied 124 samples of patient payees leukoplakias and oral carcinomas with diverse diagnosis that embrace from normal epithelium (13 samples), mild dysplasias (2), moderate dysplasias (12), "in situ" carcinomas (13), microinvasive carcinomas (11) oral squamous cell carcinomas (64 samples) and metastatic nodules (9). 7 blocks of tissue microarrays were built with needle of 2mm and was carried out a study by means of immunohistochemical technique for E-cadherin (clone 36, Biogenex), Laminin (078P, Biogenex) and Collagen IV (PHM12, Biogenex). Results: In Mild and Moderate Dysplasias the results present loss of E-cadherin, Laminin, and Collagen IV (20%) expression. "in situ" and microinvasive carcinomas, the results presented loss of E-cadherin expression (73%), and loss in Laminin and Collagen IV expression (57%). In the squamous cell carcinomas , we find E-cadherin underexpression (90%) and discontinuity in the Basal Membrane. (70%). All the metastatic nodules presented loss of E-cadherin expression and discontinuity in Laminin and Collagen IV expression. Conclusions: The loss of E-cadherin expression is increased when increasing the dysplasia grade of lesions. The loss of continuity in the laminin and Collagen IV expression follow a parallel evolution from dysplasias to metastatic nodules. The underexpression of the three markers has been significant in the evolution of the oral lesions.

Objetivos: Estudiar la pérdida o reducción de la adhesión celular mediada por E-cadherina en leucoplasias, carcinomas epidermoides y metástasis ganglionares. Estudiar la pérdida de continuidad de la expresión de laminina y colágeno IV en la membrana basal epitelial en el desarrollo biológico de las leucoplasias y carcinomas orales. Material y método: Hemos estudiado 124 muestras de pacientes portadores de leucoplasias y carcinomas orales con diversos diagnósticos que abarcan desde epitelio normal (13 muestras), displasias leves (2), displasias moderadas (12), carcinomas in situ (13) carcinomas microinvasores (11) Carcinoma epidermoide oral (64 muestras) y metástasis ganglionar (9). Se construyeron 7 bloques de tissue microarrays con aguja de 2mm y se realizó un estudio mediante técnica inmunohistoquímica para E-cadherina (clona 36, T.D. ABD Company), Laminina (078P, Biogenex) y Colágeno IV (PHM12, Biogenex). Resultados: En Displasias Leves y Moderadas presentan pérdida de expresión de E-cadherina, Laminina, y Colágeno IV (20%). En Carcinomas in situ y Microinvasores, presentaron pérdida de expresión de E-cadherina (73%), y en Laminina y Colágeno IV (57%). En los carcinomas epidermoides, encontramos pérdida de expresión de E-cadherina (90%) y discontinuidad en la M. basal (70%). Todas las metástasis ganglionares presentaron pérdida de E-cadherina y discontinuidad en Laminina y Colágeno IV. Conclusiones: La pérdida de expresión de E-cadherina se incrementa al aumentar el grado de displasia de las lesiones. La perdida de continuidad en la expresión de laminina y Colágeno IV sigue una evolución paralela desde displasias a metástasis ganglionares. La disminución en la expresión de los tres marcadores ha sido significativa en la evolución de las lesiones orales.