Resumen Introducción: La COVID-19 exacerbó el déficit en la prestación de cuidados paliativos y de fin de vida y aumentó la sobrecarga de los servicios de salud, pero se desconoce la extensión de la literatura sobre dicho tema. Objetivo: Describir la evidencia sobre la prestación de cuidados paliativos y de fin de vida en adultos durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Materiales y método: Revisión de alcance según el marco metodológico de Arksey y O'Malley. La búsqueda se realizó en inglés y español; en PubMed, Scielo, la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud, y la base de datos de investigación en Coronavirus. Las publicaciones se filtraron por título, resumen y lectura completa. Los resultados se sintetizaron de acuerdo con la técnica “charting”. Resultados: Se incluyeron 51 publicaciones. En total emergieron cinco categorías: 1) caracterización de los cuidados paliativos, 2) planificación avanzada de cuidados, 3) acompañamiento a familiares y seres queridos, 4) telesalud, 5) rol de enfermería en los cuidados paliativos. Discusión: El coste social de la pandemia se refleja en el aumento en la carga de unidades de cuidados paliativos, mayor porcentaje de mortalidad y la disminución de la edad promedio de fallecimiento. Futuros estudios deben abordar el impacto psicosocial en los seres queridos de los pacientes, así como el impacto a nivel comunitario. Conclusiones: Los cuidados paliativos y de fin de vida constituyen una herramienta fundamental para la atención de pacientes con COVID-19. La pandemia potenció el desarrollo de las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones para la prestación de cuidados paliativos.

Abstract Introduction: COVID-19 exacerbated the deficit of palliative and end-of-life care provision and increased healthcare services' burden, but the extent of the literature on that topic is unknown. Objective: To describe the evidence of palliative and end-of-life care provision in adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods: The scoping review was performed according to Arksey and O'Malley's methodological framework. The search was conducted in English and Spanish, in PubMed, SciELO, the Virtual Health Library, and the Coronavirus research database. The articles were filtered by title, abstract, and full text. The results were summarized according to the charting technique. Results: Fifty-one publications were included. A total of five categories emerged: 1) Palliative care characteristics, 2) advanced care planning, 3) support for family members and loved ones, 4) telehealth, and 5) nursing role in palliative care. Discussion: The social cost of the pandemic is reflected in the increased burden of palliative care units, higher mortality rates, and the decreased average age of death. Future studies should address the psychosocial impact of COVID-19 on patients' loved ones, as well as the impact at the community level. Conclusions: Palliative and end-of-life care is an essential tool for COVID-19 patients care. The pandemic has enhanced the development of information and communication technologies to deliver palliative care.

Resumo Introdujo: A COVID-19 exacerbou o déficit na prestagáo de cuidados paliativos e em fim de vida e aumentou a sobrecarga sobre os servidos de saúde, mas a extensáo da literatura sobre tal tópico é desconhecida. Objetivo: Descrever as evidencias sobre a prestagáo de cuidados paliativos e de fim de vida em adultos durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Materiais e Método: Revisáo do escopo de acordo com a estrutura metodológica de Arksey e O'Malley. A pesquisa foi realizada em ingles e espanhol; PubMed, Scielo, a Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde e o banco de dados de pesquisa do Coronavirus. As publicares foram filtradas por título, resumo e texto completo. Os resultados foram sintetizados de acordo com a técnica gráfica. Resultados: 51 publicares foram incluidas. No total, surgiram cinco categorias: 1) caracterizado dos cuidados paliativos, 2) planejamento de cuidados avanzados, 3) acompanhamento de parentes e entes queridos, 4) telesaúde, 5) papel de enfermagem nos cuidados paliativos. Discussao: O custo social da pandemia se reflete no aumento da carga sobre as unidades de cuidados paliativos, maiores taxas de mortalidade e uma diminuido da idade média de morte. Estudos futuros devem abordar o impacto psicossocial sobre os entes queridos dos pacientes, bem como o impacto a nivel comunitário. Conclusóes: Os cuidados paliativos e de fim de vida sáo uma ferramenta fundamental para o cuidado de pacientes com COVID-19. A pandemia tem melhorado o desenvolvimento das tecnologias de informado e comunicado para o fornecimento de cuidados paliativos.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease with epidemic potential, mainly after a heavy rainfall. It is caused by a bacterium called Leptospira. Objective: To determine the clinical and epidemiological status of patients with confirmed diagnosis of leptospirosis. Methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted at the Provincial Hygiene, Epidemiology and Microbiology Center in Camaguey over the decade 2011-2020. The scope of the study included the 90 patients whose diagnosis was confirmed by the epidemiological survey and the results of the complementary laboratory tests. The variables examined included: age, sex, municipality of residence, risk criteria, signs and symptoms, season of the year, status at hospital discharge. The data were expressed as absolute values and percent. Results: The age group from 40 to 49 years predominated among males 19 (21.1%). Camaguey municipality accounted for the majority of cases 23 (25.5%), although those with risk criteria were mainly from rural areas 67 (74.4%) and had contact with dogs (73.3%) and pigs (48.8%). The main symptoms were: fever (98.8%) and headache (95.5%); the most common clinical manifestations included jaundice (13.5%) and hepatomegaly (11.1%). It was found that a significant number of patients had not been vaccinated. Conclusions: The clinical and epidemiological status of all the patients studied is acceptable. The majority of them, when discharged from the hospital, are healed or in better conditions despite the complications they presented.

RESUMEN Introducción: La leptospirosis es una enfermedad zoonótica de potencial epidémico, principalmente después de lluvias fuerte. Es causada por una bacteria llamada Leptospira. Objetivo: Determinar el estado clínico epidemiológico en pacientes con diagnóstico confirmado de leptospirosis. Métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo, transversal, realizado en el Centro Provincial de Higiene, Epidemiología y Microbiología de la provincia Camagüey durante el decenio 2011-2020. El universo estuvo constituido por los 90 pacientes con diagnóstico confirmado mediante la encuesta epidemiológica y el resultado de exámenes complementarios. Las variables estudiadas incluyeron: edad, sexo, municipio de residencia, criterios de riesgo, síntomas y signos, época del año y estado al egreso. Los datos se expresaron en valores absolutos y porcentajes. Resultados: Predominó el grupo etario de 40 a 49 años en los hombres 19 (21,1 %), el municipio Camagüey aportó el mayor número de casos 23 (25,5 %), aunque los que mayoritariamente presentaron criterios de riesgo procedían de zona rural 67 (74,4 %) y tenían contacto con perros (73,3 %) y cerdos (48,8 %). Los principales síntomas fueron: fiebre (98,8 %), cefalea (95,5 %). Entre los signos clínicos el íctero (13,5 %) y la hepatomegalia (11,1 %) fueron los más frecuentes. Se comprobó que un número significativo de pacientes no habían sido vacunados. Conclusiones: El estado clínico epidemiológico del conjunto de pacientes estudiados es aceptable, la mayoría de ellos egresa mejorado o curado a pesar de las complicaciones que presentaron.

Abstract Purpose: To compare the perception of patients who attend the services of the Stomatological Teaching and Service Clinics (STSC) regarding functional quality through the Avedis Donabedian and SERVPERF methodologies. Methodological Design: A descriptive, cross-sectional, observational and prolective study was carried out to compare how patients perceive the quality of the service at Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla’s (BUAP) Teaching and Service Stomatological Clinics (TSEC) at the Faculty of Stomatology (FEs), based on the Donabedian and SERVPERF methodologies. An instrument called PERCACEL structured in three parts was designed and applied to a stratified random sample of 400 patients: a) general data; b) Donabedian's evaluation methodology; and c) SERVPERF methodology. Results: According to the results obtained, the percentage of perception of quality with the Donabedian instrument was lower at 8.14%, compared to those obtained through the SERVPERF methodology which registered 8.51%. Research limitations: Both validity and reliability of the instrument were high. However, its sensitivity depends on the identification of the service processes to be evaluated, in each of the dimensions of the two methodologies to ensure their reliability. Findings: Both instruments can be used in different services, both public and private, and in different fields, including stomatology.

Resumen Objetivo: comparar la percepción de la calidad funcional de los pacientes que acuden a los servicios en las Clínicas Estomatológicas de Docencia y Servicio (CEDS), con las metodologías Donabedian y SERVPERF. Diseño metodológico: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal, observacional y prolectivo para comparar cómo perciben los pacientes atendidos en las CEDS de la Facultad de Estomatología (FE) de la Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP) la calidad del servicio, a partir de las metodologías Donabedian y SERVPERF. Se diseñó y aplicó a una muestra aleatoria estratificada de 400 pacientes un instrumento denominado PERCACEL estructurado en tres partes: a) datos generales; b) metodología de evaluación de Donabedian; y c) metodología SERVPERF. Resultados: el porcentaje de percepción de la calidad con el instrumento Donabedian fue menor (8.14 %) en comparación con el obtenido con la metodología SERVPERF (8.51 %). Limitaciones de la investigación: la validez y confiabilidad del instrumento resultaron altas, sin embargo, su sensibilidad depende de la identificación de los procesos del servicio a evaluar en cada una de las dimensiones de las dos metodologías, para asegurar su confiabilidad. Hallazgos: ambos instrumentos pueden ser utilizados en diferentes servicios, tanto públicos como privados, y en diferentes ámbitos, incluyendo el de estomatología.

ABSTRACT Objective: Sorafenib significantly prolonged progression-free survival in patients with iodine-refractory advanced thyroid cancer. The present study was initiated before sorafenib was approved in Colombia and therefore represents an effort by an oncology institution to evaluate its efficacy and safety in this population. Subjects and methods: This phase II clinical trial had a single treatment arm. We included adult patients with progressive metastatic iodine-refractory thyroid cancer who received treatment with sorafenib 800 mg/day (400 mg every 12 hours) up to a maximum of 24 months or until the occurrence of limiting related toxicity, the progression of the disease, or voluntary withdrawal. Results: Nineteen patients received the treatment and were included in the safety analysis. However, for the efficacy analysis, 6 patients were excluded because they received only one month of therapy. Thirteen (68%) patients were women, and the mean age at diagnosis was 61.8 years. No complete responses were observed; 5 patients had a partial response (35.7%), 6 patients had stable disease, and 3 showed progression. Mean progression-free survival was calculated at 18 months (95% CI 10.7-20.3). Overall survival was estimated at 21.3 months (95% CI 17.8-24.8). Conclusion: For the first time in Colombia, the efficacy of sorafenib was evaluated in patients with advanced and progressive thyroid carcinoma refractory to radioactive iodine, with an efficacy and a safety profile similar to those previously reported.

Resumen Objetivo: Adaptar culturalmente al español y validar, en Colombia, el instrumento de comportamientos de automanejo para personas con cáncer. Metodología: Estudio transversal de validación de instrumento, en el que a partir de la versión original de la escala pih [Patterns in Health scale, Patrones en salud], que mide los comportamientos de automanejo, se desarrolló su versión adaptada culturalmente al español y se adelantó la evaluación de la validez de constructo a partir de la aplicación de la escala a 182 adultos con diagnóstico de cáncer, para lo que se acudió a análisis factorial exploratorio y confiabilidad, mediante consistencia interna con el alfa de Cronbach. Resultados: Se obtiene un instrumento adaptado culturalmente al español en Colombia, para su uso en personas con cáncer. El análisis factorial arrojó cuatro factores con vector propio: conocimiento, reconocimiento y manejo de síntomas, alianza personal de salud/médico-paciente y afrontamiento. La consistencia interna es aceptable, con una alfa de Cronbach de 0,728. Conclusiones: La escala pih adaptada al español evalúa integralmente los comportamientos de automanejo de una persona con cáncer, y demostró validez de constructo y consistencia interna para su uso en el contexto colombiano en adultos con cáncer.

Abstract Objective: Culturally adapt to Spanish and validate in Colombia the instrument of self-management behaviors for people with cancer. Methodology: Cross-sectional study of instrument validation in which, from the version of the pih scale [patterns in health] that measures self-management behaviors, its culturally adapted version was developed in Spanish, construct validity was advanced from the application to 182 adults diagnosed with cancer. Exploratory factor analysis and reliability were used through internal consistency with Cronbach’s alpha. Results: An instrument culturally adapted to Colombian Spanish is obtained for use in people with cancer. The factor analysis revealed four factors with its own vector: knowledge, recognition and management of symptoms, alliance between health personnel / doctor-patient and coping. Internal consistency is acceptable with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.728. Conclusions: The pih scale adapted to Spanish comprehensively evaluates the self-management behaviours of a person with cancer, demonstrated construct validity and internal consistency for use in the Colombian context

Resumo Objetivo: Adaptar culturalmente o espanhol e validar na Colômbia o instrumento de comportamentos de autogestão para pessoas com câncer. Metodologia: estudo transversal de validação de instrumento, no qual, a partir da versão da escala pih [padrões em saúde] que mede comportamentos de autogestão, sua versão culturalmente adaptada foi desenvolvida em espanhol, a validade de construto foi avançada a partir do aplicação a 182 adultos diagnosticados com câncer. A análise fatorial exploratória e a confiabilidade foram utilizadas através da consistência interna com o alfa de Cronbach. Resultados: Um instrumento culturalmente adaptado ao espanhol colombiano é obtido para uso em pessoas com câncer. A análise fatorial revelou quatro fatores com seu próprio vetor: conhecimento, reconhecimento e manejo dos sintomas, aliança entre equipe de saúde / médico-paciente e enfrentamento. A consistência interna é aceitável com um alfa de Cronbach de 0,728. Conclusões: A escala pih adaptada ao espanhol avalia de forma abrangente os comportamentos de autogestão de uma pessoa com câncer, demonstrou validade de construto e consistência interna para uso no contexto colombiano.

Resumen Introducción: Las manifestaciones clínicas más frecuentes causadas por el Herpes Virus Humano Tipo 6 (HHV-6) ocurren en niños menores de 2 años, presentan lesiones en piel tipo roséola o exantema súbito. En adultos, las manifestaciones clínicas relacionadas a HHV-6 son muy variables, y pueden sobreponerse con otras afecciones. Objetivo: Presentar una serie de casos de pacientes diagnosticados con infección activa por HHV-6, quienes mostraban manifestaciones neurológicas, dermatológicas y de fatiga crónica. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó análisis de historias clínicas de 6 pacientes que fueron diagnosticados con infección activa por HHV-6, a través de métodos moleculares. Resultados: Se reportan 6 pacientes que fueron diagnosticados con infección activa por HHV-6 mediante métodos moleculares, quienes presentaron manifestaciones clínicas comunes tales como: fiebre, cefalea, depresión, decaimiento, pérdida de memoria y concentración, dolor fibromuscular, dolor poliarticular, sueño no reparador, exantema, nevus rubí, liquen plano y parestesias. Conclusiones: A través de esta serie de casos se espera resaltar la importancia de identificar la infección activa por HHV-6 a través de métodos moleculares, y sensibilizar a la comunidad médica sobre el papel que juega el virus en la evolución de diversas patologías.

Abstract Introduction: The most frequent clinical manifestations of Human Herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) in children under 2 years of age are roseola-like skin lesions and sudden rash. In adults, the clinical manifestations associated with HHV-6 are highly variable and can overlap with other conditions. Objective: To present a case series of patients diagnosed with active HHV-6 infection, who showed neurological, dermatological and chronic fatigue manifestations. Materials and methods: An analysis of medical records of 6 patients who were diagnosed with active HHV-6 infection through molecular methods was performed. Results: 6 patients were diagnosed with active HHV-6 infection using molecular methods, who had common clinical manifestations such as fever, headache, depression, tiredness, loss of memory and concentration, fibromuscular pain, polyarticular pain, nonrestorative sleep, rash, ruby nevus, lichen planus and paresthesia. Conclusions: This case series highlights the importance of identifying active HHV-6 infection through molecular methods and creating awareness in the medical community of the role that the virus plays on the development of diverse pathologies.

Resumen Objetivo: Presentar la evidencia disponible sobre el tratamiento y monitoreo de personas con cáncer durante la pandemia de coViD-19. Síntesis de contenido: Revisión exploratoria de alcance en las bases de datos Academic Search Complete, Biblioteca Virtual en Salud, Elsevier, Google Scholar, PubMed y Science Direct, en idiomas inglés y español, a través de ecuaciones de búsqueda preestablecidas. Los hallazgos se organizaron en siete categorías: relación entre COVID-19 y cáncer; población oncológica en mayor riesgo, cuidado de pacientes oncológicos con COVID-19; continuidad del tratamiento antineoplásico; investigación en cáncer, profesionales de la salud, e impacto de la pandemia en el manejo del cáncer. Se resalta que el contagio del virus SARS-COV-2 podría aumentar el riesgo de morbilidad y mortalidad en este tipo de pacientes, por lo que ha de priorizar-se el tratamiento de COVID-19 frente al tratamiento antineoplásico. Conclusiones: Resulta necesario buscar alternativas para darle continuidad al tratamiento de cáncer del resto de la población oncológica. De otra parte, debe propenderse por el bienestar físico y mental del talento humano en salud y por la mitigación del impacto económico y sanitario de la pandemia.

Abstract Objective: To present available evidence on the treatment and monitoring of people with cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic. Content synthesis: An exploratory search in English and Spanish was made in the databases Academic Search Complete, Biblioteca Virtual en Salud, Elsevier, Google Scholar, PubMed and Science Direct using pre-established search equations. Results were organized into 7 categories: relationship between COVID-19 and cancer; cancer population at highest risk; care of cancer patients with COVID-19; continuity of cancer treatment; cancer research; health professionals; and impact of the pandemic on cancer management. The contagion of SARS-COV-2 could lead to an increased risk of morbidity and mortality in cancer patients. Therefore, COVID-19 treatment should be prioritized over the antineoplastic treatment. Conclusions: It is necessary to explore alternatives to continue cancer treatment in the rest of the population with cancer. We must also improve the physical and mental wellbeing of healthcare workers and mitigate the impact of this pandemic on economic and healthcare systems.

Resumo Objetivo: Apresentar as evidências disponíveis sobre o tratamento e monitoramento de pessoas com câncer durante a pandemia do novo coronavírus (covid-19). Síntese de conteúdo: Revisão de literatura com busca nas bases de dados Academic Search Complete, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Elsevier, Google Scholar, PubMed e Science Direct, em inglês e espanhol, mediante pesquisas preestabelecidas. Os resultados foram organizados em sete categorias: relação entre covid-19 e câncer; população de câncer de maior risco; atendimento a pacientes com câncer com covid-19; continuidade do tratamento antineoplásico; pesquisa sobre câncer; profissionais de saúde, e impacto da pandemia no tratamento do câncer. Destaca-se que a disseminação do vírus Sars-CoV-2 pode aumentar o risco de morbimor-talidade em pacientes com câncer, portanto o tratamento da covid-19 deve ser priorizado em relação ao tratamento antineoplásico. Conclusões: Devem-se procurar alternativas para continuar o tratamento do câncer no restante da população oncológica. Por sua vez, deve-se propender para a saúde física e mental do talento humano em saúde e para mitigar o impacto da pandemia na saúde e na economia.

Background: The Chilean allocation system for liver transplantation (LT) uses the MELD/PELD score to prioritize candidates on the waiting list. Aim: To assess if the Chilean allocation system for LT is equitable for pediatric candidates compared to their adult counterparts. Material and Methods: We used the Public Health Institute's registry between October 2011 and December 2017. We analyzed candidates with chronic hepatic diseases listed for LT. The primary outcome was the cadaveric liver transplantation (CLT) rate. Secondary outcomes were death or disease progression in the waiting list and living donor liver transplant (LDLT) rate. Results: We analyzed 122 pediatric and 735 adult candidates. Forty one percent of pediatric candidates obtained a CLT compared to 48% of adults (p = NS). Among patients aged under two years of age, the access to CLT on the waiting list there was 28% of CLT, compared to 48% in adults (p = 0.001). Fifty-seven percent of candidates aged under two years were listed for cholestatic diseases, obtaining a CLT in 18% and requiring a LDLT in 49%. The median time in the waiting list for CLT was 5.9 months in pediatric candidates and 5.1 in adults, while the median time to death in the waiting list was 2.8 and 5.6 months, respectively. The mortality rate at one year in candidates under two years old was 38.1% compared to 32.5% in adults. Conclusions: Pediatric candidates with chronic liver diseases, especially under two years of age, have greater access difficulties to CLT than adults. Half of the pediatric candidates die on the waiting list before three months. The mortality among candidates under two years of age in the waiting list is excessively high.

Resumen Introducción. La artritis reumatoide (AR) es una enfermedad que afecta la capacidad laboral y la calidad de vida; su prevalencia es mayor en mujeres entre la tercera y la cuarta década. Para comprender cómo los pacientes con AR perciben su calidad de vida, es necesario considerar sus experiencias y los significados que dan a su condición de enfermo crónico, además este proceso permite obtener información relevante para implementar estrategias que contribuyan a solucionar sus necesidades y mejorar su calidad de vida. Objetivo. Describir las percepciones de mujeres con AR sobre su calidad de vida. Materiales y métodos. Estudio descriptivo cualitativo realizado en una muestra de 36 mujeres diagnosticadas con AR a quienes se les realizaron entrevistas a profundidad. Los datos fueron organizados mediante el programa AtlasTI; la indagación narrativa y el análisis interpretativo fueron realizados de acuerdo con lo propuesto por Ricoeur y Benner, respectivamente. Resultados. La indagación narrativa de los relatos de las participantes les permitió describir su calidad de vida como un estado de bienestar a pesar de que esta se ve afectada por la enfermedad. En el análisis de las narrativas se evidenció que la necesidad de protección y seguridad social es un fenómeno producto de las múltiples dificultades que las personas con AR afrontan en el actual sistema de salud de Colombia. Conclusión. Los resultados reportados en este estudio pueden considerarse como un aporte para la humanización de la prestación de los servicios de salud, puesto que permitirán a los profesionales de la salud reflexionar sobre cómo abordar la calidad de vida desde un enfoque psicosocial y humanístico.

Abstract Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has a strong impact on work capacity and quality of life. The prevalence of RA is higher in women in their third and fourth decades of life. In order to understand how RA patients perceive their quality of life, it is necessary to consider their experiences and the meanings they give to their condition as chronic patients. This process also provides relevant information for implementing strategies that contribute to solving their needs and improving their quality of life. Objective: To describe the perceptions of women with RA about their quality of life. Materials and methods: Qualitative descriptive study conducted on a sample of 36 women diagnosed with RA who were administered in-depth interviews. Data were organized using the AtlasTI program; on the other hand, the narrative inquiry and the interpretive analysis were carried out according to Ricoeur and Benner, respectively. Results: The narrative inquiry of the participants' stories allowed them to describe their quality of life as a state of well-being despite being affected by the disease. The analysis of the narratives told by the participants made evident the need for social security and protection, considering the multiple difficulties faced by people with RA in the current Colombian health system. Conclusion: The results of this study may be regarded as a contribution to the humanization of health service delivery since they will allow health professionals to reflect on how to approach quality of life from a psychosocial and humanistic perspective.

Resumo O ensino universitário sofreu um aumento crescente de matrículas como consequência da democratização da educação. Consequentemente, as políticas de acesso à universidade foram afetadas. No entanto, na Argentina, onde a universidade pública nacional é totalmente gratuita, as taxas de graduação não refletem aumentos proporcionais na matrícula. O objetivo do estudo foi comparar a trajetória educacional de duas coortes de estudantes de uma universidade nacional argentina com base nas características de sua entrada: eliminatória (por meio de vestibular) ou irrestrita (aberta, sem exame). Trabalhamos com uma amostra probabilística de 445 estudantes: 198 foram admitidos pelo exame eliminatório (2014) e 245 pelo acesso irrestrito (2015). Os resultados indicam divergência nas trajetórias educacionais, com maiores indicadores de desempenho para a coorte de 2014. Os resultados representam uma contribuição ao estudo dos mecanismos de democratização do ensino superior.

Abstract There has been an increase in enrollment in higher educationas a result of educational democratization. Consequently, university admission criteria have been affected. However, in Argentina, where national public universities are completely free, graduation rates have not shown increases proportional to those observed in enrollment. Thus, the aim of the study was to compare the educational trajectory of two cohorts of students of an Argentine national university based on the characteristics of their admission: eliminatory (traditional examination modality) or unrestricted (without exam). A probabilistic sample of 445 students was used: 198 of the students entered through the traditional examination modality (2014) and 245 entered through the unrestricted modality (2015). The results indicate a divergence in educational trajectories, with higher performance indicators for the 2014 cohort. The findings represent a contribution to the study of the democratization policies of higher education.

Resumen La educación universitaria ha sufrido un creciente incremento en las matriculaciones como consecuencia de la democratización de la educación. Consecuentemente, las políticas de acceso a la universidad se han visto afectadas. No obstante, en Argentina, donde la universidad pública nacional es totalmente gratuita, las tasas de graduación no han reflejado incrementos proporcionales a los de matriculación. El objetivo del estudio fue comparar la trayectoria educativa de dos cohortes de estudiantes de una universidad nacional argentina a partir de las características de su ingreso: eliminatorio (mediante examen de ingreso) o irrestricto (abierto, sin examen). Se trabajó con una muestra probabilística de 445 estudiantes: 198 ingresaron por medio de examen eliminatorio (2014) y 245 por acceso irrestricto (2015). Los resultados indican una divergencia en las trayectorias educativas, con mayores indicadores de rendimiento para la cohorte 2014. Los hallazgos suponen un aporte al estudio de los dispositivos de democratización de la educación superior.

Resumen Objetivo: Determinar el efecto de la intervención de enfermería "Alguien apoya al que cuida" sobre las percepciones de soporte social y de sobrecarga con el cuidado de cuidadores familiares de personas con enfermedad crónica. Metodología: Estudio de tipo cuantitativo cuasiexperimental con un grupo experimental y de control, al que se le realizó medición antes y después de la intervención aplicando los instrumentos de soporte social percibido de Sherbourne y Stewart y entrevista de sobrecarga de Zarit en un total de 137 participantes que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión de ser cuidador principal por más de seis meses y estar vinculado al programa "Cuidando a los Cuidadores®" de la Facultad de Enfermería de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Los datos fueron analizados por medio de estadística descriptiva e inferencial no paramétrica en la que se aplicó la prueba de Mann-Whitney para el análisis intergrupos. Resultados: No existe diferencia significativa entre grupos en las mediciones pre y posprueba en ninguna de las variables, además se presenta un mínimo cambio entre las medias de la variable de sobrecarga entre la pre y la posprueba del grupo experimental. Conclusión: Se advierte que el efecto mínimo de la intervención propuesta se presenta por la multidimensio-nalidad del soporte social, además del uso de otro tipo de TIC diferentes a las propuestas en este estudio.

Abstract Objective: To determine the effect of the "someone supports a caregiver" nursing intervention on the perceptions of social support and overload with the care of family caregivers of people with chronic illness. Methodology: A quasi-experimental quantitative study with an experimental group and a control group, which was measured before and after the intervention by applying Sherbourne and Stewart's perceived social support instruments and Zarit Burden Interview. There was a total of 137 participants who met the inclusion criteria of being a primary caregiver for more than six months and being linked to the "Caring for Caregivers®" program of the Faculty of Nursing of the National University of Colombia. The data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential nonparametric statistics in which the Mann-Whitney test was applied for intergroup analysis. Results: There is no significant difference between groups in pre and post-test measurements in any of the variables, and there is a minimal change between the means of the burden variable between the pre and post-test of the experimental group. Conclusion: It is noted that the minimum effect of the proposed intervention is presented by the multidimensionality of social support, in addition to the use of different types of ICTs other than those proposed in this study.

Resumo Objetivo: Determinar o efeito da intervenção de enfermagem "alguém apoia aquele que cuida" sobre as percepções de apoio social y de sobrecarga com o cuidado de cuidadores familiares de pessoas com doença crônica. Metodologia: Estudo de tipo quantitativo quase-experimental com um grupo experimental e de controle, ao qual foi realizada medição antes e depois da intervenção com aplicação dos instrumentos de apoio social percebido de Sherbourne e Stewart e entrevista de sobrecarga de Zarit em um total de 137 participantes que cumpriram com os critérios de inclusão de ser cuidador principal por mais de seis meses e estar vinculado ao programa "Cuidando aos Cuidadores®" da Faculdade de Enfermagem da Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva e inferencial não paramétrica na qual se aplicou o teste de Mann-Whitney para a análise intergrupos. Resultados: Não existe diferença significativa entre grupos nas medições pré e pós-teste em nenhuma das variáveis. Além disso, apresenta-se uma alteração mínima entre as medias da variável de sobrecarga entre o pré e pós-teste do grupo experimental. Conclusão: Adverte-se que o efeito mínimo da intervenção proposta se apresenta pela multidimensionalidade do suporte social, além do uso de outro tipo de TIC diferentes às propostas neste estudo.

Resumen Las condiciones de bienestar laboral de los trabajadores de una empresa del sector hotelero de la ciudad de Medellín, se abordan con el fin de conocer sus características de vida las que, de alguna manera, pueden afectar su productividad, poner en riesgo sus condiciones psicosociales y el logro de la estrategia del negocio. Desde la profesión del Trabajo Social en unión con el área de Gestión Humana se profundiza la calidad de vida y la percepción que los trabajadores tienen de su empresa a través de una investigación con énfasis cuantitativo y estudio de caso como estrategia. El instrumento utilizado fue la encuesta semiestructurada. El estudio indica que en Medellín no se han adelantado investigaciones relacionadas con las condiciones de vida y el Bienestar laboral de los trabajadores de una empresa del sector hotelero. A pesar de los resultados, de los cuales se resalta que la mayoría ganan entre uno o dos salarios mínimos, los trabajadores manifiestan satisfacción y sentido de pertenencia hacía la empresa, donde el salario no es su mayor motivación, al contrario, el buen trato, los beneficios, la estabilidad, el apoyo en momento de crisis, se convierten en los mayores atractivos para formar parte de esta organización.

Abstract The labor welfare conditions of the workers of a company in the hospitality industry in the city of Medellin are addressed in order to know their living conditions, which, to some extent, can affect their productivity, put at risk their psychosocial conditions and ultimately, the success of the business strategy. This research delves into the workers' quality of life and the perception that they have of their company from the perspective of social work and human resource management and with an emphasis on quantitative analysis in a case study approach. Data was collected through a semi-structured survey. Our research discovered that such studies have not been undertaken in Medellin. The results reveal that despite the fact that the majority of workers earn between one or two minimum wages, they manifest satisfaction and have a sense of belonging to the company, revealing that salary is not their main motivation, but on the contrary, good treatment, benefits, stability, and support in times of crisis are valued more highly within the industry.

MALDI-TOF MS mass spectrometry is a rapid and straightforward technique to identify microorganisms by protein analysis. The study was performed in 304 yeast isolates from superficial and deep mycoses, in order to compare three methods: conventional (biochemical and morphological), MALDI-TOF MS, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR, reference). We included 24 species with predominance of Candida spp and Cryptococcus spp. The identification by conventional methods was 258/304 strains, while by MALDI-TOF MS was: 277/304 strains (84.8% versus 91.2%, P = not significant). The Kappa coefficient comparing MALDI-TOF-MS with PCR reported excellent concordance (0.99). The sensitivity and specificity of MALDI-TOF MS for the diagnosis of opportunistic pathogenic yeasts of clinical samples were 94.6% and 99% respectively. MALDI-TOF MS is a simple, fast and reliable tool for pathogenic yeasts.

Resumen La espectrometría de masas MALDI-TOF MS es una técnica rápida y sencilla para identificar microorganismos por análisis proteico. Se estudiaron 304 aislados de levaduras procedentes de micosis superficiales y profundas, con el objetivo de comparar tres métodos: convencional (bioquímico y morfológico), MALDI-TOF MS, y reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (RPC, método de referencia). Se estudiaron 24 especies con predominio de Candida spp y Cryptococcus spp. La identificación por método convencional fue de 258/304 cepas, mientras que por MALDI-TOF MS fue de: 277/304 cepas (84,8 versus 91,2%, p = no significativo). El coeficiente Kappa entre el MALDI-TOF MS y la RPC reportó una excelente concordancia (0,99). La sensibilidad y la especificidad de MALDI-TOF MS para la identificación de levaduras patógenas oportunistas de muestras clínicas fueron de 94,6% y 99%; respectivamente. MALDI-TOF MS demostró ser una herramienta de alta precisión para la identificación de levaduras patógenas.

Abstract Quinoa is an Andean crop with extraordinary nutritional properties. Its high protein content and well-balanced amino acid composition make it a unique food product for health-conscious consumers. The aim of this study was to develop a cereal bar using organic quinoa with amaranth, chia seeds, nuts and dried fruits. Seven bar prototypes were designed and evaluated in a consumer acceptance test where the attributes flavor, sweetness, texture, and appearance were assessed. The prototype with the highest acceptance scores had the following composition: 9.1% puffed quinoa; 12.1% quinoa flake; 6.1% puffed amaranth; 5.2% chia seeds; 12.1% dried cranberry; 15.2% macadamia nut; 12.1% sunflower oil; 18.2% honey; 9.1% panela; 0.8% agar-agar. The selected bar was further analyzed in an accelerated stability study over a period of 48 days at three different temperatures. The estimated storage life for each temperature was 35 days at 18 °C, 29 days at 25 °C and 25 days at 37 °C. Calculations were based on the peroxide value which had been determined as the most critical parameter for the maintenance of the quinoa bar’s quality. The developed food product represents an alternative healthy snack with the potential to increase awareness and encourage consumption of quinoa and organic products in Colombia.

Abstract This paper examines the relationship between productivity and the rate of surplus value and seeks to establish if a higher rate of surplus value can be found in developed countries with higher productivity than in underdeveloped countries, a theory consistent with the Marxist conception of this relationship at international level. A methodology was used which incorporated contingency tables, multivariate analysis using clusters and econometric analysis of fixed-effect panel data. The econometric analysis made use of a wide range of databases, with data from studies ranging from the post-war period to the first decade of the 21st century.

Resumen En el presente trabajo se examina la relación entre productividad y tasa de plusvalor, y si en los países desarrollados -con mayor productividad-, se verifica una tasa de plusvalor mayor a la correspondiente a los países subdesarrollados de acuerdo con la conjetura teórica marxista de dicha relación a nivel internacional. Para ello se emplearon tablas de contingencia, análisis multivariado mediante clústeres y análisis econométrico de datos de panel de efectos fijos. En este último se usaron diversas bases de datos cuyos periodos de estudio van desde la posguerra a la primera década del siglo XXI.