Resumen Las arvejas han sido reconocidas como una fuente económica de nutrientes; por lo tanto, se requiere información básica respecto de sus características físico-químicas para el efectivo desarrollo de operaciones de procesamiento y mejoramiento de las semillas. En el presente estudio, se midieron diferentes propiedades en 16 genotipos de arveja para estudiar la variabilidad entre líneas, los parámetros genéticos y las correlaciones entre caracteres. El diámetro y peso de la semilla, el pH y la acidez titulable mostraron valores altos de heredabilidad en sentido amplio y pequeñas diferencias entre los coeficientes de variación genético y fenotípico, lo que indica que la variabilidad para estos caracteres se debe a diferencias genéticas. Los granos amarillos mostraron valores superiores para peso y tamaño (27,84 g; 0,57 cm) y cambios menores en el diámetro luego de su hidratación (48,35%), mientras que los granos rugosos mostraron menor contenido de humedad (9,54%), mayor capacidad de hidratación (1.314,66 g H2O/kg semilla) y contenido proteico (28,88%). Cuarentina y B315 fueron los materiales más firmes y resistentes; B315 además mostró alta capacidad de hidratación, lo que lo hace adecuado para la industria del enlatado. A través de geles de poliacrilamida se determinaron diferencias en la composición proteica; Gypsi contiene mayor cantidad de legumina (47,27%), beneficioso desde un punto de vista nutricional, y contiene menos convicilina (7,06%), beneficioso para la industria alimenticia. Mediante el envejecimiento acelerado, se estudiaron los cambios de color debido al almacenamiento y se estableció que la línea Viper experimentó menores cambios, por lo cual sería recomendable para largos períodos de almacenamiento. En este estudio se han podido identificar líneas que pueden explotarse en la industria o en programas de mejoramiento de la calidad de la arveja.

Abstract Peas are an inexpensive nutrient source. Basic information about variation in physicochemical composition is required to manage breeding programs and postharvest operations effectively. Different properties were measured in seeds from 16 promising pea genotypes to study variability between lines, degree of genetic parameters, and associations among different traits. Seed weight and diameter, pH, and titratable acidity showed the highest values for broad-sense heritability and the most negligible differences between the phenotypic and genetic coefficient of variation, indicating that these traits’ variability was predominately due to genotypic differences. Genotypes had a wide-range profile that could be related to morphological and physiological properties. Yellow varieties showed superior values for weight and sizes (27.84 g; 0.57 cm) and small changes in diameter after hydration (48.35%), while wrinkled varieties showed inferior moisture content (9.54%), higher hydration capacity (1,314.66 g H2O/kg seeds), and protein content (28.88%). Cuarentina and B315 were the more resistant and firmer materials; B315 also had the highest water hydration capacity, which would be appropriate for canning. Polyacrylamide gels demonstrated differences in protein composition; Gypsi contained more legumin (47.27%) than the other genotypes, which is more beneficial nutritionally, and contained less convicilin (7.06%), making it suitable for the food industry. Using accelerated aging, we studied color changes due to storage and established that the Viper line was highly tolerant to it. We could identify lines that may be exploited by industry or quality breeding programs.

The objective of this work was to evaluate 81 lentil cultivars using morphological traits and seed characteristics by digital phenotyping. Caliber (C) and the color traits luminosity (L), color coordinates a and b, and color index (CI) were measured and analyzed with appropriate software. Additionally, also yield (Y), plant height (PH) and days to flowering (DF) were measured. Highly significant differences between cultivars were found for all traits, while high broad sense heritability (H²B) for C (97%), CI (94%), a (93%) and L and b (83%) were found, indicating high genetic variability for these traits. Digital phenotyping showed to be a powerful tool for germplasm characterization along with field evaluation of agronomical traits. Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis allows de identification of differentiated groups of cultivars with similar characteristics, leading to a more efficient use of the germplasm available as commercial cultivars or as parents in a breeding program. Among these groups, group 1 had 32 cultivars with highest C and group 2 had 21 cultivars with higher Y.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar 81 cultivares de lenteja usando caracteres morfológicos y características de semilla utilizando fenotipado digital. El Calibre (C) y los caracteres Luminosidad (L), las coordenadas de color a y b, y el índice de color (IC) fueron medidos y analizados con un software apropiado; también fueron medidos el rendimiento (Y), altura de planta (PH) y los días a floración (DF). Se encontraron diferencias altamente significativas entre cultivares para todos los caracteres y se obtuvieron elevados valores de heredabilidad en sentido amplio (H²B) para las variables C (97%), IC (94%), a (93%) y L y b (83%) indicando la presencia de alta variabilidad genética. El fenotipado digital mostró ser una poderosa herramienta para la caracterización de germoplasma junto con la evaluación a campo de caracteres agronómicos. El Análisis de Componentes Principales y el análisis de agrupamiento permitieron la identificación de diferentes grupos de cultivares con características similares lo que conduce a un uso más eficiente del germoplasma disponible como cultivares comerciales o como parentales en un programa de mejoramiento genético. Entre estos grupos, el grupo 1 tuvo 32 cultivares con mayor C y el grupo 2 tuvo 21 cultivares con mayor Y.

The materials of asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) that growers have in use are imported by seed dealers and have been selected according to overseas markets requirements. With the aim of selecting proper parents to use in a breeding program, seven populations of Asparagus officinalis (P1 to P7), all rised as white asparagus, were tested during 1993 and 1994, at the Experimental Field of the Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias (Universidad Nacional de Rosario) placed in Zavalla, Santa Fe, Argentina. The evaluation was made on individual plant in a 40 days of harvest period. ANOVA and a cluster analysis were made. In order to improve total and marketable yield, P1, P2 and P3 should be used as females regarding that these ones also have high spear number. To improve spears weight and diameter as well as late production, P5 and P7 are recommended as males, but it should be considered that P5 has a better yield performance.

Los materiales de espárrago (Asparagus officinalis L.) utilizados hasta el momento por los productores son introducciones realizadas por las casas semilleras y han sido seleccionados para satisfacer requerimientos del mercado de los sitios de origen. El objetivo del siguiente trabajo es evaluar siete poblaciones de espárrago (P1 a P7), con el fin de seleccionar genitores adecuados de manera de recurrir a la hibridación de ellos para obtener materiales adaptados a los requerimientos locales. Las evaluaciones se hicieron sobre plantas individuales, separadas por sexos y manejadas como espárrago blanco, durante los años 1993 y 1994, en el campo experimental de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias (Universidad Nacional de Rosario), ubicado en Zavalla, provincia de Santa Fe. La evaluación se realizó sobre planta individual, durante un período de 40 días de cosecha y con los datos obtenidos se realizó un ANOVA y un análisis de agrupamiento. Para elegir progenitores femeninos con altos rendimientos y rendimiento de mercado se determinó que se deberá recurrir a las P1, P2 y P3, las cuales presentan también alto número de turiones. Para altos peso medio y diámetro de turión, así como producción tardía, son indicadas las P5 y P7 como genitores masculinos, teniendo en cuenta que, mientras la P7 presenta bajo rendimiento, la P5 aportaría mejores producciones.

Com o fim de estabelecer um método de seleção eficiente, a variabilidade de três populações de aspargo foi avaliada, definindo-se os componentes de rendimento mais importantes e analizando-se a sua evolução durante três anos de cultivo. Os componentes de rendimento, o coeficiente de variação (CV) e a proporção de plantas que contribuíram para 80% do rendimento total foram calculados. Plantas-elite foram selecionadas através do rendimento total e técnicas de agrupamento "cluster". A regressão múltipla mostrou que o número e o peso médio de turiões foram os componentes de rendimento mais importantes. Em todas as populações, o rendimento total e o número de turiões apresentaram os valores mais altos de coefíciente de variaçao, independentemente do sexo. No primeiro ano 69% das plantas contribuíram aos 80% do rendimento total, enquanto que no segundo e terceiro anos a contribuição foi de 57%. No final do terceiro ano 17 plantas (1.9%) foram selecionadas pelo rendimento total e 43 (4.8%) através da técnica deagrupamento. Recomenda-se selecioná-las pela massa média de turiões no primeiro ano, reduzindo em 68% a população inicial. No segundo ano a seleção seria feita pelo número de turiões, reduzindo a 5% as plantas que, no terceiro ano, serão avaliadas pelo rendimento total. Desse modo as plantas selecionadas são as mesmas, mas o número de plantas a avaliar no terceiro ano de cultivo é drasticamente reduzido, facilitando o trabalho do melhorista.

In order to establish an efficient selection criterion the variability in three asparagus populations was evaluated defining the most important yield components and analysing its evolution along three growing seasons. The yield components, coefficient of variation (CV) and the proportion of plants contributing to 80% of the total yield were estimated. The elite plants were selected by mean of total yield and clusters techniques. Multiple regression showed that spear number (SN) and spear weight (SW) were the most important yield components. In every population, total yield (TY) and SN showed the highest values of CV, independently of sex. 69% of the plants contributed to the 80% of the total yield in the first year while in the second and third year the contribution was 57%. At the end of the third year, 17 plants were selected by the average of the total yield and 43 by clusters. It is suggested to select for SW in the first year, reducing in 68% the experimental material. In the second year, the selection for SN would reduce to 5% the plants to evaluate for total yield in the third year. In this way the selected plants are the same but the number of plants to evaluate is dramatically reduced along the years, therefore facilitating the breeders work.