ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to apply the diffusive metric technique defined by the spectral analysis of graph Laplacians to the set of the 41 cities belonging to AMBA, the largest urban concentration in Argentina, based on public transport and neighborhood. It could be expected that the propagation of any epidemic desease would follow the paths determined by those metrics. Our result reflects that the isolation measures decided by the health administration helped at the atenuation of the actual spread of COVID-19 in AMBA.

Abstract We report on a functional Fabry-Perot mode interferometer and its application for absolute displacement sensing. The proposed device consists of two well-cleaved tips of standard optical fibers that were introduced into a microcapillary glass with an inner diameter of ∼ 125.5 um; one tip was stuck to the capillary by the application of an electric arc from a standard splice machine, while the other tip was free to be longitudinally moved. The transmission spectrum of the interferometric device exhibited an interferometric pattern due to the reflections of the fundamental mode on the two partial reflecting tip surfaces of the standard optical fibers. The period and the intensity level of the interference pattern depend strongly on the separation between the optical fiber tips caused by the displacement of the free optical fiber tip. This dependence allows for the use of either period or intensity changes for length displacement sensing interrogation. For the period interrogation, the length can be accurately calculated and measured by taking the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) of the detected interference pattern. For intensity interrogation, a simple photodetector can determine the distance that separates the optical fiber tips.

It is well documented that Chagas disease (CD) can pose a public health problem to countries. As one of the World Health Organization Neglected Tropical Diseases undoubtedly calls for comprehensive healthcare, transcending a restricted biomedical approach. After more than a century since their discovery, in 1909, people affected by CD are still frequently marginalised and/or neglected. The aim of this article is to tell the story of their activism, highlighting key historical experiences and successful initiatives, from 1909 to 2019. The first association was created in 1987, in the city of Recife, Brazil. So far, thirty associations have been reported on five continents. They were created as independent non-profit civil society organisations and run democratically by affected people. Among the common associations’ objectives, we notably find: increase the visibility of the affected; make their voice heard; build bridges between patients, health system professionals, public health officials, policy makers and the academic and scientific communities. The International Federation of Associations of People Affected by CD - FINDECHAGAS, created in 2010 with the input of the Americas, Europe and the Western Pacific, counts as one of the main responses to the globalisation of CD. Despite all the obstacles and difficulties encountered, the Federation has thrived, grown, and matured. As a result of this mobilisation along with the support of many national and international partners, in May 2019 the 72nd World Health Assembly decided to establish World Chagas Disease Day, on 14 April. The associative movement has increased the understanding of the challenges related to the disease and breaks the silence around Chagas disease, improving surveillance, and sustaining engagement towards the United Nations 2030 agenda.

Chagas is a complex, multidimensional phenomenon in which political, economic, environmental, biomedical, epidemiological, psychological, and sociocultural factors intersect. Nonetheless, the hegemonic conceptualisation has long envisioned Chagas as primarily a biomedical question, while ignoring or downplaying the other dimensions, and this limited view has reinforced the disease’s long neglect. Integrating the multiple dimensions of the problem into a coherent approach adapted to field realities and needs represents an immense challenge, but the payoff is more effective and sustainable experiences, with higher social awareness, increased case detection and follow-up, improved adherence to care, and integrated participation of various actors from multiple action levels. Information, Education, and Communication (IEC) initiatives have great potential for impact in the implementation of multidimensional programs of prevention and control successfully customised to the diverse and complex contexts where Chagas disease persists. political economic environmental epidemiological psychological intersect Nonetheless question diseases s neglect challenge experiences awareness followup, followup follow up, up follow-up care levels Information Education IEC (IEC persists

ABSTRACT The objectives of this work are to weigh the importance of the decoration “a la romana” in the introduction of the Italian Renaissance in the kingdom of Valencia between the XV-XVI centuries and to value the role that the arrival of transalpine artists played, the import of sculptures and Latin lapidary; evidences that were conditioning the visual arts of the Valencian workshops, until then mediated by the Go Flemish aesthetic. The importance of humanism is addressed, with Vives at the head, born with the University of Valencia, as an attractive cultural dynamo for the nobility, since all this will explain the artistic novelties that occur in the Cathedral of Valencia or the emergence of an exceptional painter like Joan de Joanes. However, the aristocracy was belatedly identified with the Renaissance, although it did so with humanism, unlike the ecclesiastical hierarchy, since it was not easy to accept it in a society whose mentality was still medieval. We offer a new reading of the arrival of the archaeological language and its impact on Valencian art, the Renaissance entry way to Spain thanks to Valencia's privileged contact with Italy.

RESUMEN Los objetivos de este trabajo son ponderar la importancia de la decoración "a la romana" en la introducción del renacimiento italiano en el reino de Valencia entre los siglos XV-XVI y poner en valor el rol que desempeñaron la llegada de artistas transalpinos, y la importación de esculturas y lapidaria latina, evidencias que fueron condicionando la plástica de los talleres valencianos, hasta entonces mediatizados por la estética gótico-flamenca. Se aborda la importancia del humanismo, con Vives a la cabeza, nacido con la Universitat de València, como dinamo cultural atractivo para la nobleza, pues todo ello explicará las novedades artísticas que se suceden en la catedral de Valencia o el surgimiento de un pintor excepcional como Joan de Joanes. No obstante, la aristocracia se identificó tardíamente con el renacimiento, aunque se familiarizó con el humanismo, al contrario de la jerarquía eclesiástica, pues no fue fácil su aceptación en una sociedad cuya mentalidad era todavía medieval. Ofrecemos una nueva lectura de la llegada del lenguaje arqueológico y su impacto en el arte valenciano, vía de entrada del renacimiento a España gracias al contacto privilegiado de Valencia con Italia.

Abstract INTRODUCTION Malaria case management is a pivotal intervention in malaria elimination. However, many remote areas in Brazil still lack access to basic health services. This study describes a community-based approach (CBA) for malaria case management in the large remote area of the Jaú National Park (JNP), Amazonas, Brazil. METHODS In 2001, a general health CBA was initiated with a motor group (MG); a participative community health diagnosis (PCHD) was subsequently implemented between 2001 and 2005. In 2006, a CBA for malaria case management started with an expanded MG including all sectors with a stake in malaria control, from the local residents to the federal government. In 2008, community microscopists were selected and trained to diagnose hemoparasites. A full malaria strategy was implemented in 2009 with subsequent quality control follow-up. RESULTS Two educational materials were co-created with local communities. The MG identified malaria as a major health problem and the malaria MG planned the control activities. Ten communities selected a resident to become malaria microscopists, and ten solar-operated health centers were built. The number of slide readings increased from 923 in 2006 to 1,900 in 2009, while malaria infections decreased from 354 cases in 2005 to 20 cases in 2015. The excess time (≥ 48 hours) between first symptoms and diagnosis/treatment decreased from 68.9% of cases in 2005 to 14.3% in 2010. CONCLUSIONS While many factors were likely involved in the reduction of malaria transmission in the JNP, the CBA played an important role in the sustained success of the initiative.

Abstract Gold nanoparticles were obtained by reduction of chloroauric acid HAuCl4 by two methods: conventional heating and microwave synthesis. In the microwave method, different cycles and sonication time were analyzed to establish the synthesis with smaller nanoparticle size and higher absorbance. The influence of synthesis method, cycles quantity and sonication time in the gold nanoparticles size and plasmon resonance were studied. Gold nanoparticles were analyzed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry, dynamic light scattering and surface electron microscopy. The results indicate that the nanoparticles obtained by microwave have bigger size than those obtained by conventional heating, however, present higher absorption. The microwave nanoparticles were analyzed one year after its synthesis and it was found that the plasmon resonance signal remains almost unchanged. Finally, two equations were derived from the analyzes for estimate molar extinction coefficient, molar concentration, and nanoparticle average diameter.

Abstract In a previous paper (G.Gómez Blanch et al, 2018) we defined, in the frame of a geometro-dynamic approach, a metric corresponding to a Lorentzian spacetime where the electron stationary trajectories in a hydrogenoid atom, derived from the de Broglie-Bohm model, are geodesics. In this paper we want to complete this purpose: we will determine the remaining relevant geometrical elements of such an approach, and we will calculate the energetic density component of the energy-momentum tensor. We will discuss the meaning of the obtained results and their relationship with other geometrodynamic approaches. Furthermore, we will derive a more general relationship between the Lorentzian metric tensor and the wave function for general monoelectronic stationary states. In our approach, the electron description by the wave function Ψ in the Euclidean space and time is shown equivalent to the description by a metric tensor in a Lorentzian manifold. The particle acquires a determining role over the wave function, in a similar manner as the wave function determines the movement of the particle. This dialectic approach overcomes the de Broglie-Bohm approach. And furthermore, a non local element (the quantum potential) is introduced in the model, and incorporated in the geometrodynamic description by the metric tensor.

Abstract Hydrogel chitosan beads were used to evaluate the adsorption capacity of organic and inorganic compounds from a water sample. America’s company industrial grade natural chitosan was used for the chitosan beads creation. The materials obtained were characterized using optical microscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and moisture loss. The experimental data wes adjusted to both Lagergren and Ho-McKay models to describe the kinetic behavior of the process. It was found that the hydrogel chitosan beads showed higher adsorption capacity for organic compounds however the adsorption rate is higher for inorganic compounds. Using waste materials such as chitin it is possible to produce value-added compounds for adsorption processes.

Resumen En este trabajo se evaluó la factibilidad del uso de hidrogeles de quitosano (HQ) en la recuperación de compuestos orgánicos e inorgánicos de muestras de agua. Quitosano grado industrial de origen natural marca América fue utilizado para la fabricación de las perlas. El material obtenido fue caracterizado por microscopía óptica, espectroscopia de infrarrojo por transformada de Fourier (FTIR) y perdida de humedad. Los datos experimentales fueron ajustados a los modelos de Lagergren y Ho-McKay para describir el comportamiento cinético del proceso. Se encontró que la capacidad de adsorción de los HQ fue mayor para compuestos orgánicos, mientras que la velocidad de adsorción fue mayor para compuestos inorgánicos. A partir del uso de materiales de desecho como la quitina es posible producir compuestos de valor agregado para procesos de adsorción.

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze the facilitators and barriers in the arrangement of academic and athletic aspects in high performance rowers. Method: Participated 11 rowers (n = 5 boys and n = 6 girls). The research conducted from a qualitative approach, framed holistic career development model, by means of semi-structured interviews. A content analysis of the interviews was conducted in five levels from the theoretical model used: athletic level, psychological level, psychological level, academic/vocational level and financial level. These categories were analyzed in terms of two others: facilitators and barriers. Results: Facilitators and barriers in sports, psychological, psychosocial, academic and financial levels are shown. Facilitators are: Intrinsic motivation, reducing daily pressure, flexibility teacher, academic scholarship and sports and support of social groups. As barriers: Long concentrations coincidence workouts/classes, stress, fatigue, little time for leisure, distance from the school to the training and non-economic compensation as an athlete. Conclusions: Knowing the benefits of educational training compatible with career from the personal, social development, health, financial and labor and anticipating sports withdrawal, it is essential that the sport psychologist provide, directly or indirectly (through rowers coach), basic time management resources and strategies to become self-sufficient in his dual career.

Resumo Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar os facilitadores e barreiras que influenciam a disposição dos aspectos acadêmicos e desportivos em remadores de alta performance. Método: Participaram 11 remadores (n = 5 homens e n = 6 mulheres). O estudo foi realizado a partir de uma abordagem qualitativa, emoldurado em um modelo de desenvolvimento de holístico, através de entrevistas semi-estruturadas. A análise do conteúdo das entrevistas foi realizada em cinco níveis a partir do modelo teórico utilizado: nível atlético, nível psicológico, nível psicossocial, nível acadêmico/profissional e nível financeiro. Estas categorias foram analisadas de acordo com dos critérios: facilitadores e barreiras. Resultados: Facilitadores e barreiras nos níveis desportivos, psicológicos, psicossociais, acadêmicos e níveis financeiros são mostrados. Os facilitadores são: motivação intrínseca, redução da pressão diária, flexibilidade do corpo docente, bolsas de estudos e de esportes, e apoio dos grupos sociais. Como barreiras: concentrações longas, coincidência dos treinamentos com as aulas, estresse, fadiga, pouco tempo para o lazer, a distância da escola para o local de treinamento e baixa compensação econômica como um atleta. Conclusões: Conhecendo os benefícios de compatibilizar a formação educacional com a carreira desportiva desde o desenvolvimento pessoal, social, saúde, financeiro-laboral e antecipando a retirada esportiva, é fundamental que o psicólogo do esporte proporcione aos remadores direta ou indiretamente (através treinador), recursos e estratégias básicas de gestão de tempo para ser autossuficientes em sua dupla carreira.

Resumen Objetivo: El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar los facilitadores y barreras que influyen en la compaginación de los aspectos académicos y deportivos en remeros de alto rendimiento. Método: Participaron 11 remeros (n = 5 chicos y n = 6 chicas). Este estudio se desarrolló desde un enfoque cualitativo, enmarcado en el modelo holístico de desarrollo de la carrera deportiva, a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas. Se realizó un análisis del contenido de las entrevistas y se presentaron cinco niveles procedentes del modelo teórico utilizado: nivel deportivo, nivel psicológico, nivel psicosocial, nivel académico/vocacional y nivel financiero. Estos niveles se analizaron en función de dos criterios: facilitadores y barreras. Resultados: Se muestran los facilitadores y barreras en los niveles deportivo, psicológico, psicosocial, académico y financiero. Los facilitadores son: motivación intrínseca, reducción de la presión diaria, flexibilidad del profesorado, beca (académica y deportiva) y el apoyo de grupos sociales. Como barreras: largas concentraciones, coincidencia de los entrenamientos con las clases, estrés, cansancio, poco tiempo para el ocio, distancia del centro educativo al lugar de entrenamiento y la no compensación económica como deportista. Conclusiones: Conociendo los beneficios de compatibilizar la formación educativa con la carrera deportiva desde el desarrollo personal, social, salud, financiero-laboral y anticipando la retirada deportiva, es fundamental que el psicólogo del deporte proporcione a los remeros, directa o indirectamente (a través del entrenador), recursos básicos de gestión del tiempo, así como estrategias para que sean autosuficientes en su carrera dual.

ABSTRACT The metaplastic breast cancer is a subtype of an infiltranting breast cancer and it's usually high grade. However it is a rare subtype of cancer (incidence <1%). This cancer has an epithelial and connective tissues, which has an epithelial invasor ductal breast cancer with high grade and sarcomas breast. The main characteristic of the metaplastic breast cancer is their high agressive behavior as clinical as anatomopathological, which immunohistochemical expression is like a triple negative breast cancer. Because of this we consider that their knowledge is very important with the purpose of being diagnosed in women. In this paper it is showed a revision of two cases of metaplastic breast cancer, whose diagnostic and treatment were reported in our Centre.

RESUMEN El carcinoma metaplásico de mama es un tipo de cáncer infiltrante que asemeja un carcinoma de alto grado histológico, pero cuya incidencia es muy baja (< 1%). Desde el punto de vista anatomopatológico presenta un componente mixto epitelial y mesenquimal; siendo lo más característico su comportamiento clínico altamente agresivo junto con unas características anatomopatológicas, inmunohistoquímicas concordantes, como son el HER2/neu negativo, los receptores hormonales negativos, el tamaño tumoral grande y el alto grado histológico. Por todo ello, resulta de especial interés conocer esta entidad, con la finalidad de realizar un diagnóstico preciso y llevar a cabo un tratamiento adecuado en estas pacientes. En el presente artículo se presenta la revisión de dos casos clínicos de cáncer de mama metaplásico, diagnosticados y tratados en nuestro Hospital durante el año 2015 y 2018.

Abstract A frequency convertor based on the soliton self-frequency shift by the supercontinuum generation is obtained by optimization of only three parameters of a Ti:Sapphire laser pulse, namely, carrier wavelength, peak power and time duration. The frequency conversion is performed and calculated by simulating the propagation of the pulse in a simple piece of 25 cm long commercial photonic crystal fiber pumped by the femtosecond Ti:Sapphire laser, whose only pre-requisite is to exhibit the standard supercontinuum. The resulting spectral broadening has a maximum spectral conversion in the anomalous region just by playing with the three realistic controllable parameters. Optimization is performed using pre-defined functions of genetic algorithms. Our results indicate that the efficiencies of Raman conversion achieved by merely optimizing the pulse parameters in a commercial fiber are comparable with those obtained in more elaborated Raman convertor devices.

BACKGROUND: Photosynthetic characteristics and the effect of UV radiation and elevated temperature measured were studied in Chlorella sp. isolated from a snow microalgal community at King George Island, Maritime Antarctica through the chlorophyll florescence (rapid light curves and maximum quantum yield, respectively). The environmental context was monitored through measurements of spectral depth profiles of solar radiation (down to 40 cm) in the snowpack as well as a through continuous recording of temperature and PAR using dataloggers located at different depths (0-30 cm) within the snow column RESULTS: The photochemistry of Chlorella sp. was affected by UV radiation in a 12-h laboratory exposure under all studied temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20 °C): the algae exposed to PAR + UV-A radiation were inhibited by 5.8 % whilst PAR + UV-A + UV-B radiation decreased Fv/Fm by 15.8 %. In both treatments the 12-h recovery after UV exposure was almost complete (80-100 %). Electron transport based P-I curve parameters maximal electron transport rate (ETRmax), photosynthetic efficiency (α) and the saturating irradiance (Ek) no varied in response to different temperatures CONCLUSIONS: Results revealed that Chlorella sp. not only shows high photosynthetic efficiency at ambient conditions, but also exhibits tolerance to solar radiation under higher temperatures and possessing a capacity for recovery after inhibition of photosynthesis by UV radiation