ABSTRACT Background: In the study of biologically-based materials, nanocelluloses have been showing great prominence and positioned themselves as promising alternatives for the production of different industrialized materials. This polymer has received significant attention recently because it is produced from renewable sources and has unique properties offered by its organic nature and semi-crystalline structure. This work aimed to study the structural properties of suspensions and films by increasing MCC concentration in the form of powder with variations of 5 % (m/m) from 5 % to 30 %. Results: As expected, incorporating MCC increased the Segal index. The morphological analysis showed an increase in the diameters of the structures (NFC / MCC) in the suspensions when the presence of MCC was more significant, and films with cluster formations were observed. The films showed air permeability. Due to the MCC increase, the surface charge had results close to electrostatically stabilized nanosuspensions. An increase in the resistance to thermal degradation of the films was also observed Conclusion: NFC has promising properties for different applications; it provides a film with a stable structure and is resistant to oxygen and tensile stresses. In addition, MCC has excellent potential due to its high crystallinity, structural characteristics, and nature. The increase of the MCC content altered the properties of the suspensions and films produced with NFC, forming a cohesive and resistant film, and influencing the performance of the different properties of the materials evaluated in this study, like air permeability, suspension stability, and thermal resistance.

Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis is a rare condition in which multiple gas-filled cysts are found within the wall of the gastrointestinal tract either in the subserosa or submucosa. Its pathogenesis is uncertain and several pathogenic mechanisms have been proposed to explain its origin. The case of a male patient of 46 years with previous diagnosis of pneumatosis cystic intestinalis, who consulted for abdominal pain, vomiting and fever (39 °C) is presented. By the time of admission ther were signs of peritoneal irritation. The X-ray abdominal reported distension and intestinal hydro-air levels. Exploratory laparotomy was performed and revealed small bowel volvulus with strangulation of some intestinal segment. Histological diagnosis was pneumatosis cystic intestinalis complicated with Infarction trans-mural by intestinal volvulus. The patient evolved satisfactorily.

La neumatosis quística intestinal es una condición infrecuente caracterizada por la presencia de quistes con gas en la subserosa o submucosa del tracto gastrointestinal. Su patogénesis es incierta y se han propuesto varios mecanismos patogénicos para explicar su origen. Se presenta el caso de un paciente de sexo masculino de 46 años de edad con diagnóstico previo de neumatosis quística intestinal, que consultó por dolor abdominal, vómitos y fiebre (39 °C). Ingreso con signos de irritación peritoneal. La radiografía simple de abdomen reportó distensión intestinal y niveles hidroaéreos. Se realizó laparotomía exploratoria que reveló vólvulo de intestino delgado con estrangulamiento de algunas asas intestinales. El diagnóstico anatomopatológico fue neumatosis quística intestinal complicada con Infarto transmural por vólvulo intestinal. El paciente evoluciono satisfactoriamente

Objetivo: Presentar el caso de una escolar con quiste tirogloso y granuloma de colesterol, hallazgo inusual que simuló clínica e imagenológicamente un carcinoma de tiroides. Esta asociación es infrecuente y hay pocos casos reportados. Caso clínico: Escolar femenina de 11 años, quién consultó por presentar disfagia y tumoración en región anterolateral izquierda del cuello, de 3x3 cm, de consistencia dura, dolorosa a la palpación, sin signos de flogosis. Ultrasonido de cuello evidenció conducto tirogloso permeable en la línea media con presencia de nódulo hipoecoico, de bordes bien definidos, sin calcificaciones que medía 1,8 x 0,9 cm. Se extirpó la tumoración que medía 3x2, 5x0, 8cm. y se observó cavidad quística de 0,8 cm. de diámetro mayor que contenía material de aspecto gelatinoso. Por debajo de éste, se observó nódulo bien circunscrito de 1,5 cm. de diámetro mayor, constituido por tejido firme de color blanco-amarillento. El estudio histopatológico reveló un quiste revestido por epitelio cilíndrico y respuesta inflamatoria linfohistiocitaria, con células gigantes tipo “cuerpo extraño” alrededor de hendiduras; que correspondían a d dd epósito de colesterol. Conclusión: Se presenta este caso por su rareza y porque puede confundirse clínica e imagenológicamente con una neoplasia maligna. Asimismo, pudiera corresponder al primer caso reportado en nuestro país.

Objective: We report the case of a 11 year- old girl with thyroglossal cyst and cholesterol granuloma, an unusual finding that clinically simulates thyroid carcinoma. This association is unusual and there are few reported cases worldwide. Case report: An 11-year-old girl consulted for dysphagia and a 3 x 3 cm hard mass. The mass was painful on palpation and was located in the anterolateral neck left. It was phlogosis-free. A neck ultrasound showed a 1.8 x 0.9 cm permeable midline thyroglossal conduct with a hypoechoic nodule with well-defined edges but without calcifications. A 3 x 2,5 x 0, 8cm tumor was removed. A 0.8 cm cystic cavity that contained gelatinous material was observed. Below that cavity, a well-circumscribed nodule was observed. It measured 1.5 cm and was made up of firm yellowish tissue. The histopathology examination revealed a cyst lined with columnar epithelium and inflammatory linfohistiocitic response with foreign body type giant cells around cracks that corresponded to a cholesterol deposit. Conclusion: We present this case because it is very unusual and because it can be clinically and radiologically mistaken for a malignant tumor. It could be the first case ever reported in Venezuela.

Objetivo:Se presenta un caso de tumor neuroendocrino gástrico (TNEG) con manifestaciones clínico-radiológicas pulmonares particulares, con curso clínico agresivo y evolución fatal. Caso Clínico: Paciente femenina, de 28 años de edad quién inició su enfermedad presentando tos seca y disnea progresiva al realizar leves a moderados esfuerzos de un mes de evolución. Antecedentes personales: gastropatía desde la adolescencia e hiperinsulinismo desde los 23 años. Examen físico: sin adenopatías palpables, tórax simétrico, hipoexpansible, vibraciones vocales palpables en ambos hemitórax, con murmullo vesicular disminuido en ambos hemitórax y crepitantes finos bibasales. Abdomen: blando, doloroso a la palpación superficial a nivel de hipogastrio. Rx de tórax: infiltrado alveolo-intersticial de predominio derecho. Tomografía toracoabdomino- pélvica con doble contraste: patrón en vidrio esmerilado de distribución difusa y múltiples nódulos con engrosamiento septal que comprometen ambos campos pulmonares. Abdomen: engrosamiento uniforme de las paredes del estómago con múltiples imágenes hipodensas en el eje celiaco y ligamentos gastrohepático y pre aórtico. Endoscopia digestiva superior: zona del fundus y el cuerpo con pared engrosada e infiltrada por probable neoplasia maligna. Se tomó biopsia. Videofibrobroncoscopia: se realizó biopsia transbronquial de segmento medial de lóbulo inferior derecho. Los estudios histopatológicos de ambas reportaron Tumor Neuroendocrino. La paciente presentó insuficiencia respiratoria y falleció a los 11 días de su hospitalización. Conclusiones: En el presente caso se destaca la evolución clínica atípica y agresiva de un TNEG que se presentó en una paciente joven y tuvo curso fatal. Debutó con manifestaciones clínicas respiratorias y la imagenología reveló metástasis en ambos pulmones. Tales metástasis se pudieron diferenciar de un TNE pulmonar. Se resalta la importancia de la inmunohistoquímica para su diagnóstico.

Objective: We report a case of gastric neuroendocrine tumor with peculiar clinical-radiological pulmonary manifestations with an aggressive clinical course and fatal outcome. Case Report: Female patient, 28 years of age who began presenting the disease with dry cough and progressive dyspnea a month ago when making mild to moderate efforts. Personal history of gastropathy since adolescence and onset of hyperinsulinism when the patient was 23 year-old. Physical exam: No palpable lymph nodes, symmetric and hypoextensible chest, palpable vocal vibrations with decreased breath sounds in both hemithorax and bibasilar fine crackles. Abdomen: soft, tenderness in the hypogastrium. Chest X-ray: predominantly right alveolar-interstitial infiltrate. Double contrast CT thoraco-abdomino-pelvic: ground glass pattern distribution and multiple nodules with diffuse septal thickening that involved both lungs. Abdomen: uniform thickening of the stomach walls with multiple hypodense images in the celiac axis and pre aortic and gastrohepatic ligaments. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: thickened and infiltrated wall of the fundus and body area, probably because of malignant neoplasy. A biopsy was taken. Videofibrobronchoscopy: a transbronchial biopsy of the medial segment of the right lower lobe was performed. The histopathological studies of both biopsies disclosed the presence of a neuroendocrine tumor. Conclusions: This case presents an atypical and aggressive clinical course of a gastric neuroendocrine tumor in a 28-year-old patient who died. She started with respiratory clinical manifestations. The imagen studies disclosed metastases in both lungs that could be differentiated from a pulmonary neuroendocrine tumor. The importance of immunohistochemistry for diagnosis is underlined.