ABSTRACT The rational exploitation of the land requires planning its agricultural use, which can be supported by the agricultural land suitability (ALS) assessment. The scheme to assess ALS proposed by Food Agricultural Organization (FAO) has been adopted in Brazil based on guiding charts for subtropical, humid tropical and semi-arid tropical climate. However, the guiding chart used for the semi-arid region has dramatically limited the ALS in drylands on which rainfed agriculture has been practiced. In this study, an adequation for the ALS assessment regarding the edaphoclimatic conditions of semi-arid region was proposed to improve the representation of agricultural areas and to allow a better planning of soil conservation practices. The ALS of the south region of Ceará State (Brazil) was assessed according to the FAO scheme and its initial adaptation to the Brazilian conditions; subsequently, this assessment was obtained by two adequations. Adequation I disregarded the limiting factor of water availability, while adequation II, besides disregarding the factor of water availability, established new limits for the classes of effective soil depth. The adequations resulted in an increase of 177.19 % in the areas with regular suitability for crops to the detriment of areas with restricted suitability for crops and areas with suitability only for pasture or grazing lands. The adequations increased the agricultural suitability in 41.26 % of the area of the mapping units, and 16.77 % of them were due to the modifications related to the effective soil depth, while the other 26.35 % were due to the changes related to water availability. The results related to water availability were equivalent to those observed through the dynamic analysis of land-use and cover associated with the rainfall, which demonstrated an increase in the areas for rainfed agriculture and a reduction in fallow and pasture areas in the years with rainfall within the climatic normality. The areas considered suitable for crop production with the adequation of the scheme may be included in soil conservation programs.

RESUMO As minhocas são conhecidas por melhorar a fertilidade do solo, alterando suas propriedades físico-químicas. No entanto, mudanças nas propriedades dos agregados biogênicos (produzidos por minhocas) em regiões com diferentes coberturas vegetais e, solos de topossequência de Cambissolo, na região semiárida, ainda não foram estudadas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar as variações dos atributos físicos, químicos, mineralógicos e frações orgânicas de agregados biogênicos de minhocas sob diferentes coberturas vegetais e compará-los a uma toposseqüência de um Cambissolo na região semiárida do Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. Para este estudo, quatro perfis de Cambissolo foram selecionados. Os pontos amostrados foram: P1-superior; P2 - terço médio; P3 - terço médio; e P4 - declive inferior, e os solos foram coletados na profundidade de 0-0,20 m. As amostras dos agregados biogênicos foram encontradas no terço médio (P3) e coletadas em três áreas com diferentes coberturas vegetais: uma área com vegetação de algaroba (Prosopis juliflora [Sw] D.C.); uma área com vegetação arbórea de nim (Azadirachta indica A. Juss); e uma área com palmeiras forrageiras e vegetação de algaroba (Opuntia sp. e Nopalea sp.). Os resultados indicam que os agregados biogênicos estavam na forma de blocos irregulares com um tamanho maior que 40 mm. Em comparação com as amostras de Cambissolo, esses agregados tenderam a selecionar partículas de solo de menor diâmetro e exibiram maiores concentrações de minerais de argila. A análise química e da fração orgânica revelou que os agregados exibiram maior Ca2+, carbono orgânico total (COT), substâncias lábeis e húmicas, independentemente da cobertura vegetal. A análise mineralógica revelou que a ação das minhocas não alterou a quantidade ou tipo de argilominerais.

ABSTRACT Earthworms are known to improve soil fertility by altering the physicochemical properties of soil. However, the changes in properties of biogenic aggregates (produced by earthworms) in regions with different vegetation covers and soils of Inceptisol toposequence in the semi-arid region have not been studied. The objective of this work was to determine the variations of the physical, chemical, and mineralogical attributes and organic fractions of biogenic aggregates of earthworms under different vegetation covers and compare them to an Inceptisol toposequence in the semi-arid region of Pernambuco State, Brazil. For this study, four Inceptisol soil profiles were selected. The sampled points were P1-upper; P2-middle third; P3-middle third; and P4-lower slope, and the soils were collected at a depth of 0-0.20 m. The biogenic aggregates were found in the P3 samples collected from three areas with different vegetation covers: an area with mesquite tree vegetation (Prosopis juliflora [Sw] D.C.); an area with neem tree vegetation (Azadirachta indica A. Juss); and an area with forage palm and mesquite tree vegetation (Opuntia sp. and Nopalea sp.). Results indicate that the biogenic aggregates were in the form of irregular blocks with a size greater than 40 mm. As compared to Inceptisol samples, these aggregates tended to select particles of smaller diameter and exhibited higher concentrations of clay minerals. The chemical and organic fraction analysis revealed that the aggregates exhibited higher Ca2+, total organic carbon (TOC), labile and humic substances, regardless of the vegetation cover. The mineralogical analysis revealed that the action of earthworms did not change the quantity or type of clay minerals.

O conhecimento etnopedológico tem fornecido informações importantes sobre o modo de vida das populações rurais a respeito de suas tradições ancestrais, como a arte de elaborar peças artesanais a partir do barro advindo de solos com características próprias a esse uso. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar física, química e mineralogicamente Planossolos e Gleissolos explorados para a produção de artefatos de cerâmica artesanal em Minas Gerais. Nos barreiros, foram coletados dois perfis de Planossolos (P1 e P2) e um Gleissolo (P3) usados como matéria-prima na produção artesanal de cerâmica. Foram realizadas análises físicas e químicas, limites de liquidez (LL) e plasticidade (LP), índice de plasticidade (IP) e de atividade coloidal (IA), além da mineralogia da fração argila. Os horizontes selecionados pelos ceramistas para a fabricação de cerâmica artesanal (BA, Btg e BCg, do P1; Btg1 e Btg2, do P2; e C2g e C3g, do P3) apresentaram os maiores teores de argila e silte, IP e IA, importantes para a qualidade final da cerâmica. O horizonte Cg do perfil P1 possui potencial de ser utilizado para a produção artesanal, em virtude do seu IP, superior aos dos horizontes normalmente usados, além dos teores de argila, silte e areia fina e suas características mineralógicas. A proporção ideal das frações areia, silte e argila e a porcentagem de matéria orgânica na definição de um bom material para cerâmica são difíceis de estabelecer e variam principalmente em razão de aspectos quantitativos e qualitativos da argila nos solos.

Ethnopedological knowledge has provided important information about the way of life of rural people and their traditions, like the craft of making pieces of pottery from suitable soils. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties of Planosols and Gleysols used in the production of handcrafted pottery artifacts in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. In the clay pits, two profiles of Planosol soil (P1 and P2) and one of Gleysol soil (P3) used as raw material in the production of handcrafted pottery were collected. Physical and chemical properties, liquidity limits (LL), plasticity limits (LP), plasticity index (PI), and colloidal activity (IA) were analyzed, as well as clay mineralogy. The horizons selected by potters to manufacture handcrafted pottery (BA, Btg, and BCg for P1; Btg1 and Btg2 for P2; and C2g and C3g for P3) showed higher clay and silt, IP, and IA contents, important for the final quality of the pottery. The Cg horizon of the P1 profile has potential for craft production due to its IP, which is greater than the horizons normally used, as well as its clay, silt, and fine sand contents, and mineralogical characteristics. The ideal proportion of sand, silt, and clay and the percentage of organic matter are difficult to establish in defining good material for pottery; they vary mainly as a result of the type and proportion of clay found in the soils.