ABSTRACT Purpose: to investigate genetic recurrence and molecular markers for dyslexia in two candidate genes in the Brazilian population. Methods: a cross-sectional, case-control, observational study, with five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) studied in DYX1C1 and KIAA0319 genes in 86 subjects with dyslexia and 66 controls, matched for gender and age. SNPs were genotyped using the polymerase chain reaction technique in real time, and distribution of genotypic and allelic frequencies between the groups was analyzed. Results: it was determined that 68% of the subjects with dyslexia present a family history of learning difficulties. The DYX1C1 gene did not demonstrate an association with dyslexia, which was found regarding the rs9461045 marker of the KIAA0319 gene. Conclusion: a family history of learning problems was present in more than two-thirds of the group with dyslexia, indicating that this is an important risk factor. An association with dyslexia in the rs9461045 marker was noted, making the study the first one to show an association of the KIAA0319 gene with dyslexia, in Latin America.

Resumo: Objetivou-se com este estudo relatar a detecção do DNA de Toxoplasma gondii em ostras (Crassostrea sp.) no estado do Maranhão. Para a realização do estudo foram adquiridas 200 ostras de cultivo do município de Raposa, e 100 de Paço do Lumiar, além de 100 ostras extraídas de estoque natural do município de Primeira Cruz. Do total de 400 exemplares amostrados, formaram-se 80 pools em que cada pool foi constituído por cinco animais. De cada ostra foi procedida à retirada das brânquias e massa visceral, seguido da extração de DNA de cada pool de ostras, com a utilização de kit comercial. Posteriormente, realizou-se a pesquisa do protozoário por meio da técnica de nested PCR (primer SAG-1). Com a técnica molecular utilizada, foi diagnosticado o DNA do protozoário pesquisado em 2,5% (n=2/80) pools de ostras oriundas exclusivamente de cultivo. Com os resultados obtidos neste estudo, conclui-se que ostras do gênero Crassostrea sp., cultivadas no estado do Maranhão, são capazes de filtrar e manter nos seus tecidos oocistos de T. gondii, sendo, portanto, fontes potenciais de contaminação para seres humanos e outros animais.

Abstract The aim of this study was to report on detection of Toxoplasma gondii DNA in oysters (Crassostrea sp.) in the state of Maranhão. To conduct this study, 200 farmed oysters were acquired in the municipality of Raposa and 100 in Paço do Lumiar; and a further 100 oysters were taken from the natural stock in the municipality of Primeira Cruz. This total of 400 specimens sampled was divided into 80 pools composed of five animals each. The gills and visceral mass of each oyster were removed for DNA extraction (per pool of oysters), using a commercial kit. The nested PCR technique (with the primer SAG-1) was then used to investigate any presence of protozoa. This molecular technique demonstrated the presence of DNA of T. gondii in 2.5% of the pools of oysters (n = 2/80): these oysters were exclusively from farms. The results from this study allow the conclusion that oysters of the genus Crassostrea that are farmed in the state of Maranhão are capable of filtering oocysts of T. gondii and maintaining them in their tissues. They are therefore potential sources of contamination for humans and other animals.

<sec><title>Introduction</title><p> The Young Doctor Project (YDP) uses Telehealth and Interactive Teleducation instruments to promote the integration of different areas of health and to build knowledge. This methodology can also foster public awareness on various issues related to health. In this context, the objective of this study was to emphasize cleft lip and palate (CLP), which is one of the most common birth defects in Brazil.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p> The study aimed to apply a model of education regarding CLP, based on the dynamics of the YDP, and to evaluate the participants' knowledge acquired after participating in the YDP.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p> The participants were 41 students, 13 to 15 years of age and at the eight- and ninth-grade levels in a private elementary school in Bauru (Brazil). To analyze the performance of the participants, a questionnaire was administered before and after the completion of the training program. The training program was structured in three steps using: (1) interactive teleducation classes, (2) a cybertutor, and (3) practical activities.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p> There was a statistically significant difference between the pre- and postparticipation questionnaire results. The improved performance of participants is evidenced by the increase in the rate of correct answers on all issues.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p> The YDP on CLP was applied in the school setting following the three steps recommended by the project, and, after the implementation of the training program, there was a significant increase in participants' knowledge of CLP. The YDP on CLP proved an effective tool in promoting health education.</p></sec>

Objetivo identificar junto aos alunos dos Cursos de Fonoaudiologia: fatores que levaram a esta escolha de carreira e informações que gostariam de ter recebido sobre esta profissão antes do exame vestibular. Métodos estudo exploratório, descritivo, transversal. Discentes dos cursos de graduação em Fonoaudiologia oferecidos pela Universidade de São Paulo nos campi de Bauru, São Paulo e Ribeirão Preto e egressos do campus de Bauru foram convidados a preencher anonimamente, um questionário online composto por 10 questões a respeito de suas opções de carreira universitária e sobre as fontes e suficiência de informação a respeito da profissão Fonoaudiologia quando da inscrição no exame vestibular. Resultados responderam ao questionário 201 sujeitos (144 graduandos e 57 egressos). A Fonoaudiologia foi a primeira opção de carreira para 119 (59,2%) dos participantes. O interesse pela profissão foi o motivador de escolha para 42% dos participantes e o status da universidade, a relação candidato/vaga e a influencia de familiares, dentre outros, para 58% dos respondentes. Os guias de profissões foram as principais fontes de informação sobre a carreira. Cerca de 80% dos sujeitos não estavam satisfeitos com as informações que receberam antes do vestibular, a maioria indicando que gostariam de saber mais sobre o campo de atuação do fonoaudiólogo. Conclusão fatores não relacionados à afinidade ou pendor pela profissão levam à opção pela carreira Fonoaudiologia para a maioria dos participantes. Há necessidade de intensificar a veiculação de informações sobre a profissão, sobretudo o seu campo de atuação para candidatos ao exame vestibular.

Purpose to identify factors that led Speech and Language Pathology and Audiology students to choose the career as well as the information they would have liked to receive before entering College. Methods exploratory, descriptive, cross-sectional study. SLP-Audiology students of undergraduate courses in the University of São Paulo (Bauru, São Paulo and Ribeirão Preto campus) and graduate students (Bauru campus) were asked to complete, anonymously, an online questionnaire consisting of 10 questions about their career choices and about the sources and adequacy of information regarding the SLP-Audiology profession before college entrance examination. Results the questionnaire was answered 201 individuals (144 undergraduates and 57 graduates). SLP-Audiology was the first career option for 119 (59.2%) of the participants. Interest in the profession was the motivator of choice for 42% of the participants. For 58% of respondents, the University status, the candidate/vacancy ratio and the influence of family members, among others, led to the SLP-Audiology career choice. Profession guides were the main sources of information and 80% of respondents were not satisfied with the information received before entering College, most indicating they would like to learn more about the areas where SLP-Audiologists can work. Conclusion factors unrelated to career affinity where the motivator for the choice of SLP-Audiology profession for most participants. There is need to intensify the information process about this career especially among high school students.