RESUMO As ramas de batata-doce apresentam potencial de utilização na alimentação animal, na forma fresca e de silagem, sendo que a utilização de aditivos pode contribuir para a melhoria da qualidade da silagem das ramas. Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar a qualidade da silagem de ramas de batata-doce com diferentes aditivos. Os tratamentos utilizados para a confecção das silagens foram: ramas puras; ramas + 10% de MDPS (milho desintegrado com palha e sabugo); ramas + 10% de bagaço de cana de alambique; ramas + 10% de polpa cítrica; ramas + 10% de casca de café. Foram determinadas amatéria seca, proteína bruta, fibra de detergente neutro (FDN), fibra de detergente ácido (FDA), celulose, hemicelulose, lignina, cinzas, amido, açucares solúvel, pH, população de Bactérias do ácido láctico, perdas por gases e efluentes. As silagens de ramas + MDPS, ramas + polpa cítrica e ramas + casca de café apresentaram os maiores teores de matéria seca. Na silagem de ramas + polpa cítrica foi registrada alto teor de FDN. Já na silagem de ramas + MDPS obteve-se o menor teor de FDA. O teor de lignina foi baixo nas silagens das ramas + MDPS, ramas puras e ramas + polpa cítrica. Os teores de amido, PB e populações de BAL foram adequados para todas as silagens. A silagem contendo ramas + MDPS apresentou os melhores resultados para as características avaliadas, de forma que o aditivo utilizado nesta silagem é o mais recomendado para as condições experimentadas.

ABSTRACT Sweet potato branches have potential use in animal feeding, even fresh or ensiled, and some additives may enhance their quality. This study aimed at assessing silage quality of sweet potato branches using different additives. We ensiled sweet potato branches without additive (control) and with the addition of 10% disintegrated corn with straw and corncob (DCSC), 10% sugarcane bagasse from alembic, 10% citrus pulp, and 10% coffee husk. Three samples of each plot were obtained after drying for measurements of dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, mineral matter, starch, soluble sugars, pH, lactic acid bacteria population, gas, and effluent losses. Silage with DCSC, citrus pulp, and coffee rusk reached the highest dry matter contents. Moreover, citrus pulp silage had a high content of NDF. In contrast, DCSC silage showed the lowest content of ADF. Lignin was low in silage with DCSC, citrus pulp, and control (without additive). Suitable amounts of starch, crude protein, and lactic acid bacteria population were found in all treatments. Silage with DCSC achieved the best results for the assessed variables. Therefore, DCSC is the most suitable additive to improve silage quality of sweet potato branches.

ABSTRACT. The aim of this study was to obtain information for the genetic improvement of kale through repeatability and phenotypic stabilization studies and to compare methodologies that represent the reliability of the estimated parameters. Thirty-three half-sib progenies were evaluated in a randomized block design with three replicates and six plants per plot. Eight harvests were evaluated in terms of the yield of fresh leaves, number of shoots, number of leaves and average mass of leaves. Then, a phenotypic repeatability and stabilization study was performed, estimating the genetic parameters σ2a, σ²g, σ²e, and the coefficient of environmental variation and repeatability using the frequentist and Bayesian methodologies. To evaluate the reliability of these estimates, intervals were obtained using the frequentist, Bayesian and bootstrap methods. It was verified that the reliable selection of progenies of half-sib of kale can be achieved in four harvests that were realized between 95 and 170 days after planting. It was observed that the frequentist and Bayesian methodologies are better suited to obtain reliable estimates of the genetic parameters evaluated, as the last one provided smaller amplitudes for the obtained intervals. The bootstrap methodologies are not recommended for phenotypic repeatability and stabilization studies in kale.

RESUMO. Para selecionar genitores em programas de melhoramento deve-se obter os componentes de variância para estimar parâmetros genéticos e predizer valores genéticos, os quais podem ser obtidos vantajosamente pela inferência bayesiana. Quando várias características são avaliadas a inferência bayesiana pode ser utilizada em modelos multicaracterísticos. Objetivou-se obter estimativas de parâmetros genéticos, ganhos de seleção, conhecer as correlações genéticas entre as características, predizer valores genéticos e selecionar melhores genótipos de couve utilizando a abordagem bayesiana em modelo linear multicaracterístico. Foram avaliados o diâmetro do caule, altura da planta, número de brotações, número de folhas comercializáveis e massa fresca de folhas por inferência bayesiana em 22 genótipos de couve. Foi utilizado o delineamento em blocos casualizados com três repetições e quatro plantas por parcela. Verificou-se a predominância dos efeitos genéticos sobre os ambientais. As maiores estimativas de correlação foram encontradas entre a matéria fresca de folhas e as características diâmetro do caule, altura de plantas e número de folhas comercializáveis. Além das testemunhas comerciais, são indicados para o cultivo e para integrar programas de melhoramento os genótipos UFLA 11, UFLA 5, UFLA 6, UFVJM 3 e UFVJM 19. As estimativas do ganho de seleção indicaram o potencial de melhoramento para a população estudada.

ABSTRACT. Variance components must be obtained to estimate genetic parameters and predict breeding values. This information can be obtained through Bayesian inference. When multiple traits are evaluated, Bayesian inference can be used in multi-trait models. The objective of this study was to obtain estimates of genetic parameters, gains with selection, and genetic correlations among traits. Likewise, we aim to predict the genetic values and select the best kale genotypes using the Bayesian approach in a multi-trait linear model. The following traits were evaluated: stem diameter, plant height, number of shoots, number of marketable leaves and fresh weight of leaves using Bayesian inference in 22 kale genotypes. The experiment consisted of a randomized block design with three replications and four plants per plot. Genetic effects predominated over environmental effects. The highest correlation estimates were found between the fresh weight of leaves and stem diameter and between the plant height and number of marketable leaves. The following commercial cultivars and genotypes are recommended for cultivation and to integrate into breeding programs: UFLA 11, UFLA 5, UFLA 6, UFVJM 3 and UFVJM 19. The estimates of the gain with selection indicate the potential for improvement of the studied population.

ABSTRACT Kale plants are usually sold “in natura” in street markets and malls. Kale leaves can have their appearance compromised by dehydration and discoloration due to increased post-harvest time exposure. We aimed to analyze the Global Stability Index (GSI) in kale accessions by means of repeated measurement analysis and curve grouping as a complementary form of superior sample identification with regard to post-harvest preservation. Thirty kale accessions were evaluated using a randomized block design with four blocks and five plants per plot. Two commercial leaves per plant were collected, and kept on workbenches in the shade at a temperature of 18 ± 1 °C. Subsequently, the degrees of discoloration and dehydration, total chlorophyll content, and accumulated fresh mass loss were evaluated over a 15-day period. From these data, the GSI was calculated for each day of evaluation. In addition, using mixed models, thirteen co-variance structures were tested. For graphical analysis, thirteen linear and non-linear models were assessed followed by curve grouping using multivariate analysis. The GSI was efficient for differentiating accessions, which became an important tool in post-harvest studies. GSI values were not equally correlated, therefore the use of mixed models became an important approach. The unstructured matrix was the best fit to model the dependence of error. The Melow I model was the best fit for studying the GSI. The accessions UFVJM-10, UFLA-1, COM-1, UFVJM-32, COM-3, UFVJM-8, UFVJM-36 and UFVJM-24, belonging to 3 and 5 clusters, are recommended for crop cultivation and as parental material in breeding programs.

RESUMOO objetivo foi avaliar o potencial produtivo de cultivares de morangueiro em região representativa do Alto Jequitinhonha. O experimento foi conduzido na fazenda Mape Frutas Ltda., localizada no município de Datas-MG, em delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com oito cultivares de morangueiro em quatro repetições, para verificar a produção de mudas e de frutos. A contagem da produção de estolões e de mudas foi realizada aos 180 dias após o plantio. A avaliação das variáveis relacionadas à produção de frutos foi feita duas vezes por semana, no período de maio a outubro de 2012. Das cultivares de dias curtos (Festival, Campinas, Toyonoka, Dover, Oso Grande e Camarosa) e dias neutros (Diamante e Aromas), apenas Toyonoka foi a que apresentou menor desempenho para as variáveis. A significativa superioridade das cultivares Camarosa e Festival, para praticamente todas as variáveis avaliadas, permite recomendá-las para regiões com características edafoclimáticas semelhantes às da região onde o experimento foi conduzido. Dentre as cultivares avaliadas, as mais precoces tenderam a apresentar maior desempenho para variáveis relacionadas à produção de frutos.

ABSTRACTThis study was conducted in order to evaluate the productive potential of strawberry cultivars in a representative region of Alto Jequitinhonha - Brazil. The experiment was conducted at farm Mape Frutas Ltda, located in the municipality of dates, MG, in randomized block design with eight strawberry cultivars in four replications to verify the production of seedlings and fruit. Counting of production of stolons and seedlings was performed at 180 days after planting. The assessment of variables related to fruit production was done twice a week from May to October 2012. Cultivars of short days (Festival, Campinas, Toyonoka, Dover, Oso Grande and Camarosa) and day neutral (Diamante and Aromas), only Toyonoka showed the lowest performance for the variables. The significant superiority of the cultivars Camarosa and Festival for virtually all variables allows recommends it for regions with similar climatic edaphic characteristics of the region where the experiment was conducted. Among the cultivars, the earlier tended to have higher performance for variables related to fruit production.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho agronômico de acessos de couve e estimar os parâmetros genéticos e a correlação entre características de interesse para o melhoramento. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com 30 genótipos de couve, entre os quais, três cultivares comerciais, de diferentes empresas. Foram utilizadas quatro repetições, com cinco indivíduos por parcela. Verificou-se variabilidade genética entre os genótipos, com predominância dos efeitos genéticos sobre os ambientais, o que indica a possibilidade de se obterem ganhos genéticos representativos com o melhoramento. As características importantes para o melhoramento da espécie foram: comprimento e largura de folha, diâmetro de pecíolo, área foliar, altura de planta, número de brotações e massa de folhas secas. Os genótipos comerciais apresentaram menor área foliar, massa de matéria seca de folhas, altura de planta, comprimento e largura de folha, comprimento de pecíolo, e número de brotações e de folhas comerciais.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic performance of kale genotypes and to estimate the genetic parameters and the correlation between traits of interest for breeding. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design, with 30 kale genotypes, with three commercial cultivars, from three different companies. It was used four replicates, with five individuals per plot. Variability was significant among genotypes, with predominance of genetic effects over environmental ones, indicating the possibility of obtaining expressive genetic gains in breeding. The most important traits for breeding purposes were: leaf length and width, stem diameter, leaf area, plant height, number of shoots, and leaf dry weight. Commercial genotypes showed smaller leaf area, dry leaf mass, plant height, leaf length and width, petiole length, and number of sprouts and commercial leaves.