ABSTRACT The use of resistant cultivars is the main strategy to control Fusarium wilt on tomato, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici . This study aimed to quantify the incidence and distribution of this disease in the region of Nova Friburgo, RJ, as well as the type of resistance of tomato cultivars to the three FOL races. Samples of healthy and wilted plants from 40 properties were evaluated for the presence of vascular discouloration. Seventeen tomato cultivars were evaluated for resistance to the three FOL races using a grading scale. Classification for resistance/susceptibility, incidence and percentage of infection of the vascular system, fresh weight accumulation and seedling length were determined. All the cultivars analysed behaved as similar to immune (SI) to race 1 of FOL and similar to immune or partial resistance to race 2. Only Aguamiel cultivar presented a SI reaction to FOL race 3. None of the cultivars presented a SI reaction to the three races. It can be concluded that failures on the control of the disease in this region can be attributed to the majority use of cultivars with incomplete resistance to the three FOL races. The seed packages also contain incomplete information about FOL resistance.

Fatores de transcrição Dof podem atuar como ativadores ou repressores transcricionais envolvidos em diversos processos biológicos exclusivos de vegetais, no entanto muitas de suas funções fisiológicas ainda não foram elucidadas. Neste trabalho, plantas de arroz (Oryza sativa L.) expressando o fator de transcrição OsDof26 mostraram alterações na cinética de absorção e metabolismo de nitrogênio (N) quando submetidas aos tratamentos de 0,2 e 2,0 mM de amônio (NH4+) ou nitrato (NO3-) em solução nutritiva. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições, em esquema fatorial 2 × 2 × 2, duas plantas (plantas de arroz não transformadas e uma linhagem de arroz expressando o OsDof26, a L24, duas fontes de N (NO3- e NH4+) e duas doses (0,2 e 2,0 mM). Aos 17 dias após a germinação (DAG) foram aplicados os tratamentos e procedeu-se a coleta da solução nutritiva em intervalos de 30 minutos até as 48 horas, afim de estimar os parâmetros cinéticos de absorção de N (Vmax, Km e Cmín). Aos 19 DAG, obteve-se a massa fresca total, sendo parte desse material armazenado para determinação das frações nitrogenadas e açúcares solúveis. A L24 apresentou menor crescimento da parte aérea e raiz em todos os tratamentos analisados quando comparada com a planta não transformada (WT - wild type). e menores teores de NO3-, NH4+ e N-amino, afetando assim o metabolismo de N nas plantas transformadas.

Dof transcription factors can act as transcriptional activators or repressors in several biological processes unique to plants, however many of their physiological functions have not been explained. In this work, rice plants (Oryza sativa L.), expressing the transcription factor OsDof26, showed changes in uptake kinetics and nitrogen (N) metabolism when subjected to treatments of 0.2 and 2.0 mM ammonium (NH4+) or nitrate (NO3-) in a nutrient solution. The experimental design was completely randomised, with four replications in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial, two plants (nontransformed rice plants and the L24 strain of rice, expressing OsDof26; two sources of N (NO3- and NH4+); and two dosages (0.2 and 2.0 mM). At 17 days after germination (DAG), the treatments were applied and nutrient solution was then collected at intervals of 30 minutes for 48 hours, in order to estimate the kinetic uptake parameters for N (Vmax, Kmand Cmin). At 19 DAG, the total fresh weight was obtained, with part of the material being stored to determine the soluble nitrogen fractions and soluble sugars. The L24 strain showed less growth of shoots and roots for all the treatments studied compared to the untransformed plant (WT - wild type). The lower influx of NO3-and NH4+ in the L24 resulted in unfavourable kinetic parameters and lower levels of NO3-, NH4+ and amino N, thereby affecting the N metabolism in the transformed plants.

O girassol (Helianthus annuus L.) tem se destacado como cultura promissora, dentre as oleaginosas com importância agroenergética. Considerando-se os nutrientes exigidos pela cultura do girassol, o nitrogênio é o que mais limita a produção, além de afetar seu rendimento de óleo. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar aspectos do metabolismo e a cinética de absorção de nitrogênio (nítrico e amoniacal) na variedade de girassol BRS 324, cultivada em diferentes concentrações desse nutriente, em solução nutritiva, sob condições controladas, em câmara de crescimento. As plantas receberam 0,2 mmol L-1 e 2,0 mmol L-1 de N-NH4+ ou N-NO3-, em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado. Foram avaliados os parâmetros cinéticos de absorção (Km e Vmax), massa fresca, acúmulo de frações solúveis nitrogenadas e açúcares. Plantas cultivadas em 2,0 mmol L-1 de N-NH+ apresentaram maior Vmax, indicando maior capacidade de transporte desse íon. O caule apresentou acúmulo preferencial de NO3- e açúcares solúveis, atuando como principal local de reserva energética da planta. Os tratamentos com NH4+ resultaram em correlações negativas entre a massa fresca e a quantidade desse composto no tecido vegetal, o que pode ser responsável por sintomas de toxidez, resultando em redução na relação raiz/ parte aérea.

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) has emerged as a promising crop among oilseed species with agro-energetic importance. Considering the nutrients required by the sunflower crop, nitrogen is the most limiting for yield, besides affecting its oil production. This study aimed to evaluate metabolism aspects and nitrogen absorption kinetics (nitrate and ammonium), in sunflower (BRS 324) grown under different levels of this nutrient in nutritious solution, under controlled conditions, in a growth chamber. Plants were submitted to two nitrogen concentrations (0.2 mmol L-1 and 2.0 mmol L-1 of N-NH4+ or N-NO3-), in a completely randomized experimental design. The kinetics absorption parameters (Km and Vmax), fresh weight and accumulation of soluble nitrogen fractions and sugars were evaluated. Plants grown in 2.0 mmol L-1 of N-NH4+ showed a higher Vmax, indicating a greater capacity for transporting - this ion. The stem presented a preferential accumulation of N-NO3 and soluble sugars, acting as the main site of energetic reserve of the plant. Treatments with NH4+ showed negative correlations between fresh weight and amount of this compound in the plant tissue, which may be responsible for symptoms of toxicity, resulting in a reduction in the root/shoot ratio.