Abstract In xeric environments, such as Caatinga Biome, habitat characteristics such as phytophysiognomy type and presence of water bodies can represent higher resource availability. In this context, the present study investigated the effect of phytophysiognomies and presence of water bodies in the abundance and community structure of medium and large mammal species (MLM) in the Serra de Santa Catarina, Paraíba, Brazil. To evaluate these variables we conduct an effort of 373 camera-trap days, between August 2012 and November 2014. We recorded 12 MLM species, distributed in six orders and 11 families. From those, Kerodon rupestris is the only one listed in the Brazilian List of Threatened Fauna. Regarding the habitat, the Mann-Whitney showed a significant higher frequency to the Shrubby habitat and the ANOSIM showed no shifts in the community structure between Arboreal and Shrubby. Concerning the presence of water bodies, both the Mann-Whitney and the ANOSIM showed significant higher frequency to the habitat with water presence. We observed that both phytophysiognomy and water bodies are important variables which affect mainly the abundance of mammalian species from semiarid environments. Nonetheless, whereas the forest remnants get smaller the existence of water bodies becomes a preponderant factor to the MLM species and its community structure.

Abstract Takayasu’s arteritis is a type of primary systemic vasculitis that affects medium and large arteries, including the aorta and its main branches, as well as the pulmonary and coronary arteries. Although rare in children, it is the third most common vasculitis in the pediatric population, often with delayed diagnosis due to the nonspecific presentation of clinical symptoms in its initial phase. This is a case of a 16-year-old girl with a giant ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm, who needed surgery on an emergency basis. The etiological aspects involved in aneurysms in young patients are also addressed.

ABSTRACT Hematological malignancies (HM) confer a high risk of acute kidney injury (AKI), which is associated with elevated morbi-mortality. The aim of this study was to identify the prognostic factors for in-hospital mortality and one-year mortality in this population. We conducted a single center, retrospective, observational cohort study of 101 in-hospital patients with AKI and HM between January 2015 and December 2019. Multiple myeloma was present in 30.7% of the patients, followed by non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in 27.7%. Renal support therapy (RST) was needed in 60.4% of the cases. Independent predictors for in-hospital mortality were invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) (OR 49.53; 95% CI:9.17 - 267.57; P<0.001) and infection during in-hospital stay (IDHS) (OR 5.09; 95% CI:1.18 - 21.89; P=0.029). Predictors for one-year mortality were NHL (HR 2.88; 95% CI:1.54 - 5.39; P=0.001), tumor progression (HR 2.36; 95% CI:1.29 - 4.32; P=0.006) and IMV (HR 6.38; 95% CI:3.50 - 11.64; P<0.001). Higher albumin levels at AKI diagnosis conferred a better prognosis (HR 0.57; 95% CI:0.35 - 0.91; P=0.020). Our model showed that patients with HM and AKI who were submitted to IMV and had IDHS had a probability of in-hospital death of 96%. Albumin at the time of AKI influenced one-year mortality.

Resumo Contexto As tomografias de tórax são frequentemente solicitadas como exames complementares para avaliação de suspeita clínica de afecção pulmonar pelo novo coronavírus 19 (COVID-19). Objetivos Nosso objetivo foi analisar a prevalência dos achados cardiovasculares incidentais em tomografias de tórax solicitadas para avaliar sinais radiológicos sugestivos de COVID-19. Métodos Por meio de um estudo transversal, descritivo e retrospectivo, foram revisadas 1.444 tomografias de tórax realizadas no setor de radiologia do Hospital de Clínicas Gaspar Vianna, no período de 1° de março a 30 de julho de 2020, com a descrição da prevalência de imagens sugestivas de pneumonia viral pelo COVID-19, além de achados pulmonares e cardiovasculares incidentais. Resultados A média de idade dos pacientes foi 50,6±16,4 anos, sendo o sexo feminino o mais frequente. A tomografia sem contraste foi o método mais utilizado (97,2%), e opacidades em vidro fosco foram identificadas em 56,0% dos casos. Achados incidentais cardiovasculares ocorreram em 51,2% (intervalo de confiança 48,7%-53,8%) das tomografias, prevalecendo calcificação da parede aórtica (21,8%), cardiomegalia (10,5%), e calcificação coronária (5,0%). Nas tomografias com contraste, evidenciaram-se aneurismas de aorta (9,7%), dissecção de aorta (7,3%) e úlceras de aorta torácica (2,4%). Conclusões Achados cardiovasculares incidentais ocorreram em aproximadamente metade das tomografias de tórax de pacientes com suspeita de COVID-19, mais especificamente, calcificações da parede da aorta, cardiomegalia e calcificação coronária.

Abstract Background Computed tomography scans of the chest are often requested as a complementary examination to investigate a clinical suspicion of pulmonary disease caused by the novel coronavirus 19 (COVID-19). Objectives Our objective was to analyze the prevalence of incidental cardiovascular findings on chest CT scans requested to assess radiological signs suggestive of COVID-19 infection. Methods This cross-sectional, descriptive, and retrospective study reviewed 1,444 chest tomographies conducted in the Radiology department of the Hospital de Clínicas Gaspar Vianna, from March 1 to July 30, 2020, describing the prevalence of images suggestive of viral pneumonia by COVID-19 and incidental pulmonary and cardiovascular findings. Results The mean age of the patients was 50.6 ± 16.4 years and female sex was more frequent. Computed tomography without contrast was the most frequently used method (97.2%). Aortic and coronary wall calcification and cardiomegaly were the most prevalent cardiovascular findings. CT angiography revealed aortic aneurysms (9.7%), aortic dissection (7.3%) and thoracic aortic ulcers (2.4%). Conclusions Incidental cardiovascular findings occurred in about half of the chest CT scans of patients with suspected COVID-19, especially aortic calcifications, cardiomegaly, and coronary calcification.

ABSTRACT Weather radar calibration is a topic of great current interest because it is useful for various hydrological applications. Several methods have been developed for adjusting the relation between reflectivity data Z and rainfall intensity R (Z/R) because droplet size distributions in different storm events are unknown and highly variable in time and space. The present study developed and tested a new space and time window-based procedure for optimal local calibration of weather radar using Z/R relations and applying it to convective and stratiform storms in the lower Grijalva river basin in Mexico. Improving rain estimates from the Sabancuy, Campeche radar is essential because it monitors this basin, which is prone to floods. The resulting estimates of the optimal power-law (Z = ARb) window-based procedure (OP) are compared with those of the default Marshall and Palmer (MP) relation using the observed rain gauge records. The appropriate window was selected using a criterion that considers factors affecting the free fall of raindrops. For most of the storms tested, metrics for the OP models showed better values than those calculated for the MP ones. The best MP performance is when using smooth calibration data, achieving similar metric results to that of the OP. The proposed observed calibration method could be useful to improve the default MP model estimates at any weather radar with similar characteristics to the ones analyzed in this work. The resulting Z/R relations could improve precipitation radar estimates for hydrologic model inputs.

RESUMEN La calibración de radares meteorológicos es un tema de gran interés actual, ya que es útil para diversas aplicaciones hidrológicas. No obstante, se han desarrollado varios métodos para ajustar la relación entre los datos de reflectividad Z y la intensidad de lluvia R (Z/R). Esto se debe a que la distribución del tamaño de las gotas para diferentes tormentas es desconocida y muy variable en el tiempo y el espacio. El presente estudio desarrolló y probó un nuevo procedimiento basado en ventanas de tiempo y espacio para la calibración local óptima del radar meteorológico utilizando relaciones Z/R, y lo aplicó a tormentas convectivas y estratiformes en la cuenca baja del río Grijalva en México. Mejorar las estimaciones de lluvia del radar de Sabancuy, Campeche, es fundamental porque esta cuenca es propensa a inundaciones. Las estimaciones resultantes del procedimiento se basan en la optimización de ventanas (OPV) usando la ley de potencia (Z = ARb). Dichas estimaciones se comparan con las resultantes del uso de la relación predeterminada de Marshall y Palmer (MP) utilizando para ello los registros de pluviómetro observados. La ventana apropiada se seleccionó utilizando un criterio que considera los factores que afectan la caída libre de las gotas de lluvia. Para la mayoría de las tormentas probadas, los estadísticos de los modelos OPV mostraron mejores valores que los calculados para los modelos MP. El mejor rendimiento de MP ocurrió cuando se utilizaron datos de calibración suavizados, pero sólo se alcanzaron resultados similares a los obtenidos con OP. El método de calibración propuesto podría ser útil para mejorar las estimaciones del modelo MP por defecto en cualquier radar meteorológico con características similares a las analizadas en este trabajo. Las relaciones Z/R resultantes podrían mejorar las estimaciones del radar de precipitación para la captura de datos en modelos hidrológicos.

Multiple Myeloma (MM) is characterized by a neoplastic proliferation of plasma cell clones producing monoclonal immunoglobulin. Manifestations of the disease are heterogenous and include dialysis-requiring acute kidney injury (AKI) caused mainly by cast nephropathy (CN). It is known that early and rapid decrease in serum free light chains (sFLC) levels is particularly important for renal recovery, which has led to a renewed interest in extracorporeal methods of removal of sFLC. In this review we will discuss the management of light chain CN focusing on extracorporeal light chains removal modalities and their indication.

RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a prevalência e as características epidemiológicas das neoplasias cutâneas em cães na região metropolitana de Goiânia, Goiás. Foram analisados os diagnósticos de um laboratório do setor privado de 2011 a 2016. Mastocitoma, hemangiossarcoma, carcinoma de células escamosas, melanoma maligno e hemangioma representaram os principais diagnósticos. A maioria dos casos ocorreram em cães de raças definidas, fêmeas e com idade >8 anos. American Pit Bull Terrier e Poodle foram as raças mais encontradas. As neoplasias acometeram principalmente regiões de membros e cabeça. Pela análise de correspondência múltipla, associou-se os grupos de neoplasias com diferentes características epidemiológicas e o tamanho da neoplasia com o comportamento biológico. A comparação dos resultados com pesquisas prévias possibilitou confirmar predisposições previamente descritas e verificar a importância dos diferentes tipos de neoplasias cutâneas em cães na região estudada.

ABSTRACT: The present study aimed to describe the occurrence and epidemiological features of skin neoplasms diagnosed in dogs in the metropolitan region of Goiânia, Goiás state, Brazil. Diagnoses from dog biopsies from 2011 to 2016 provided by a private veterinary pathology laboratory were analyzed. The main diagnoses were mast cell tumor, hemangiosarcoma, squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma, and hemangioma. Highest frequency of neoplasms was found in female dogs, dogs aged >8 years, and purebred dogs, particularly the American Pit Bull Terriers and the Poodles. Most common sites affected by the neoplasms were the limb and the head. Using multiple correspondence analysis, groups of neoplasms were found to be associated with different epidemiological features and the size of the neoplasms was associated with the biological behavior. The results of this study described predispositions and verified the importance of different types of skin neoplasms in dogs in the region being studied.

RESUMO: Relata-se um surto de intoxicação em bovinos por Stryphnodendron rotundifolium var. villosum (Benth.) Scalon no estado de Goiás, Brasil. De um rebanho composto por 80 bovinos, os quais consumiram frutos maduros da planta presente na pastagem, 12 animais adoeceram e morreram. Os sinais clínicos apresentados foram apatia, emagrecimento progressivo, andar cambaleante, pelo eriçado e fezes secas contendo sementes. Os principais achados de necropsia foram icterícia, fígado com padrão lobular e coloração alaranjada, rins aumentados e com amarelamento da medular e pré-estômagos com presença de cascas e sementes do fruto. Ao exame histopatológico, notou-se degeneração vacuolar e necrose no fígado e rins e degeneração vacuolar no rúmen, omaso, retículo e intestino. O diagnóstico da intoxicação por S. rotundifolium var. villosum baseou-se nos dados epidemiológicos, nos achados clínicos e nas alterações patológicas. Nossos resultados podem auxiliar na diferenciação entre a intoxicação por S. rotundifolium var. villosum e a intoxicação por outras plantas tóxicas de interesse pecuário.

ABSTRACT: This is a report on an outbreak of cattle poisoning by Stryphnodendron rotundifolium var. villosum (Benth.) Scalon in the state of Goiás in Brazil. In a herd of 80 cattle that consumed the mature fruit of this plant that was present in their pasture, 12 animals fell ill and died. The clinical signs that they presented were apathy, progressive weight loss, reeling, bristling, and dry stools containing seeds. The main necropsy findings were jaundice, an increased lobular pattern and orange coloration in their liver, enlarged kidneys with yellowish medullae, and pre-stomachs containing fruit peels and seeds. A histopathological examination revealed vacuolar degeneration and necrosis in the liver and kidneys and vacuolar degeneration in the rumen, omasum, reticulum, and intestine. The diagnosis of poisoning by S. rotundifolium var. villosum was based on epidemiological data, clinical findings, and pathological changes. Our results can aid in the differentiation between poisoning by S. rotundifolium var. villosum and poisoning by other toxic plants that are of interest to lifestock.

Resumo A habilitação econômica para o consumo se correlaciona a mudanças jurídicas no reconhecimento de direitos ligados à igualdade de gênero no Brasil. O presente estudo parte de categorias afetas às relações entre capitalismo, gênero e mudanças jurídicas para pensar transformações em direitos das mulheres e direitos LGBT no Brasil, com ênfase para a relação entre empoderamento econômico e a reversão de hierarquias sociais arbitrárias herdadas.

Abstract Economic empowerment and enhanced consumption correlate with changes in the legal recognition of gender equality in Brazil. This essay employs categories that link capitalism to gender and to legal change in order to think about legal change regarding women’s rights and LGBT rights in Brazil, emphasizing the relationship between economic empowerment and the reversal of arbitrary social hierarchies inherited from the past.

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar a imunomarcação de MMP-9 e MMP-2 e seus inibidores, TIMP-1 e TIMP-2, no tecido mamário canino normal e neoplásico, a fim de avaliar o comportamento dessas proteínas no remodelamento da matriz extracelular (MEC) em diferentes tipos neoplásicos mamários. Foram analisadas 48 amostras de tecido mamário canino, sendo 14 carcinomas complexos, 13 carcinomas tubulopapilares, seis de adenomas simples e 15 mamas sem alterações. Houve diferença em MMP-9, TIMP-1 e TIMP-2 de acordo com a histomorfologia mamária, sendo que MMP-9 apresentou maior imunoexpressão em células epiteliais e estromais em carcinomas tubulopapilares e complexos. TIMP-1 exibiu menor imunomarcação nas células estromais dos carcinomas complexos e TIMP-2 maior imunomarcação nas células epiteliais dos carcinomas tubulopapilares. Houve correlação positiva entre MMP-9 e TIMP-1 nas células epiteliais e estromais quanto à intensidade de imunomarcação e número de células marcadas na mama normal. Houve correlação positiva entre MMP-9 e TIMP-2 nas células epiteliais dos carcinomas tubulopapilares. Conclui-se que a atividade equilibrada entre MMP-9, MMP-2, TIMP-1 e TIMP-2 mantém a homeostase do tecido mamário canino normal enquanto a imunoexpressão aumentada de MMP-9 e TIMP-2 e a imunoexpressão reduzida de TIMP-1 nos carcinomas sugere condição propícia à evolução tumoral.

Abstract The aim of this study was to perform the immunostaining of MMP-9 and MMP-2 and its inhibitors, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2, on normal and neoplastic canine mammary tissue in order to evaluate the behavior of these proteins in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling in different neoplastic mammary types. Thus, 48 samples of canine mammary tissue were analyzed, 14 of which complex carcinomas, 13 tubulopapillary carcinomas, six single adenomas and 15 normal mammary tissue. There were differences in MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 according to mammary histomorphology, and MMP-9 presented increased immunoexpression in epithelial and stromal cells in tubulopapillary and complex carcinomas. TIMP-1 exhibited reduced immunostaining in the stromal cells of the complex carcinomas and TIMP-2 enhanced immunostaining in the epithelial cells of tubulopapillary carcinomas. There was a positive correlation between MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in epithelial and stromal cells regarding immunostaining intensity and number of labeled cells in the normal breast. There was a positive correlation between MMP-9 and TIMP-2 in the epithelial cells of tubulopapillary carcinomas. It is concluded that balanced activity between MMP-9, MMP-2, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 maintains normal canine mammary tissue homeostasis while increased immunoexpression of MMP-9 and TIMP-2 and reduced TIMP- 1 in carcinomas suggest a favorable condition for tumor evolution.

Resumo O estado de Mato Grosso é um dos maiores (903 357 km2 ) e mais diversos do país em termos de fitofisionomias, abrangendo três biomas Neotropicais distintos –Amazônia, Cerrado e Pantanal – apresentando, consequentemente, uma elevada diversidade faunística. Os objetivos do presente estudo foram revisar a história da Mastozoologia neste estado e fornecer uma lista atual de mamíferos com comentários a respeito da taxonomia, distribuição, estado de conservação e tipos de registro para as espécies que ocorrem no Mato Grosso. Os registros aqui obtidos basearam-se, primordialmente, em espécimes-testemunho depositados em coleções científicas, mas algumas espécies foram registradas por observações pessoais e fotografias. Foram registradas 268 espécies pertencentes a 149 gêneros, 36 famílias e 10 ordens, o que representa 38% das espécies de mamíferos do Brasil. As famílias mais representativas foram Phyllostomidae (63 espécies), Cricetidae (42) e Didelphidae (31). Nossa lista inclui 33 espécies ameaçadas, representando 12% das espécies de mamíferos do Mato Grosso e 30% das espécies de mamíferos ameaçados do Brasil. Discutimos as principais ameaças associadas a este grupo e apontamos a importância de projetos sociais e políticos, aliados ao conhecimento científico básico, em promover uma mudança profunda nesse cenário atual.

Abstract The state of Mato Grosso is one of the largest (903 357 km.) and most diverse in terms of vegetation in Brazil, encompassing three distinct Neotropical biomes –the Amazon, Cerrado, and Pantanal– therefore holding high faunal diversity. Our goal in this paper was to review the history of mammalogy in this state, and to provide a checklist of mammals, with comments on taxonomy, distribution, conservation status and type of records for the species present in Mato Grosso. These records were based primarily on voucher specimens housed in scientific collections, but a few were based on personal observations and photographs. We listed 268 species belonging to 149 genera, 36 families and 10 orders, which represent 38% of mammal species occurring in Brazil. The most representative families were Phyllostomidae (63 species), Cricetidae (42) and Didelphidae (31). Our list includes 33 threatened species, representing 12% of Mato Grosso mammal species and 30% of all threatened mammal species of Brazil. We discuss the main threats to this group, and argue that social and political projects together with basic scientific knowledge are urgent to ensure a profound change in the current scenario.

Resumo O fator de crescimento transformador-β (TGF-β), um mediador do crescimento prostático, induz a angiogênese e inibe a proliferação celular. Neste estudo, esse marcador foi utilizado com o objetivo de avaliar sua imunomarcação no tecido normal e com lesões proliferativas benignas, pré-neoplásicas e neoplásicas da próstata canina. Para isso, foram selecionadas 54 glândulas com histomorfologia normal, hiperplasia prostática benigna (HPB) epitelial, HPB estromal, atrofia inflamatória proliferativa (PIA), neoplasia intraepitelial prostática (PIN) e carcinoma, utilizadas para a confecção de um bloco de microarranjo tecidual (Tissue Microarray - TMA). As lâminas de TMA foram submetidas à técnica de imunoistoquímica com o anticorpo anti-TGF-β, sendo avaliada a intensidade de imunomarcação nas células epiteliais e estromais. Houve imunomarcação de TGF-β no tecido normal e naqueles com lesões proliferativas. Maior imunomarcação de TGF-β foi constatada nas células do tecido prostático normal e com HPB, enquanto as células prostáticas com PIA, PIN e carcinoma exibiram menor imunomarcação dessa citocina, o que sugere a ação do TGF-β na manutenção da homeostase do tecido normal e com lesão proliferativa benigna e na progressão das lesões proliferativas pré-malignas e malignas da próstata canina.

Abstract The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), a mediator of prostatic growth induces angiogenesis and inhibits cell proliferation. It was used in this study in order to evaluate its expression in normal prostatic tissue and those with benign proliferative lesions, pre-malignant and malignant prostatic diseases. A total of 54 glands with normal histomorphology, epithelial benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), stromal BPH, prostatic inflammatory atrophy (PIA), prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), and adenocarcinoma were selected and used in the tissue microarray block (TMA). The TMA slides were subjected to the immunohistochemistry with anti-TGF-β and its staining intensity in epithelial and stromal cells was evaluated. There was TGF-β immunostaining by both normal tissues and those with proliferative lesions. Higher TGF-β immunostaining was observed in cells from normal prostatic tissues and with HPB, whereas prostatic cells with PIA, PIN and carcinoma exhibited lower immunostaining of this cytokine, suggesting the action of TGF-β in the maintenance of normal tissue homeostasis and with benign proliferative lesion and in the progression of pre-malignant and malignant proliferative lesions of the canine prostate.

Abstract This article discusses the 19th-century perceptions and strategies described by the governor of Riohacha, Nicolas Prieto, regarding border problems involving La Guajira (now a department of Colombia occupying the northernmost peninsula of South America). Prieto’s biography and his colonization plans are key to studying the perceptions elites had of the political borders that delimited the civilized world of the Colombian nation-state (then the Republic of New Granada) under construction and what was termed the barbarian space of La Guajira, populated by the Wayuu indigenous people.

Resumen El presente artículo expone las percepciones y estrategias elaboradas por Nicolás Prieto, el gobernador de Riohacha, acerca de la problemática fronteriza de la península de La Guajira (Departamento de Colombia, extremo Norte de América del Sur) a mediados del siglo XIX. La biografía del gobernador Prieto y sus planes de colonización son una base para estudiar las percepciones y representaciones que las élites tenían de las fronteras políticas que delimitaban el mundo civilizado del Estado nación colombiano (neo-granadino en este caso) en construcción y el espacio bárbaro de La Guajira, poblado por los indios Wayuus.

The cohort of older age pre-dialysis patients is growing steadily. However, “Fistula First” may not always be the best strategy due to poorer arteriovenous fistula outcomes in this population. This retrospective cohort study included data from 157 predialysis patients who underwent fistula placement in our centre. Their mean age was 68.1±12.4 years. 64.3% were male and 53.5% were diabetic. The median nephrology follow-up was 3.04 years (IQR: 0.95-5.17). Two groups were created based on patient’s age at fistula placement: <75 years (n=102) and ≥75 years (n=55). Further analysis is shown, for the younger group vs. the elderly group, respectively. The groups differed only in smoking history (29.4% versus 12.7%, p=0.019) and in hypertensive (3.9% versus 23.6%, p<0.001) and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease aetiologies (13.7% versus 0%, p=0.004). Mean estimated glomerular filtration rate at referral for fistula placement was 16.1±4.3 vs. 14.5±4.0ml/min/1.73m2 (p=0.026). Primary fistula failure occurred in 17.6% vs. 32.7%, p=0.032 (RR 1.85 [1.05-3.26]): in 4.9% vs. 5.5% due to thrombosis (p=0.881), in 12.7% vs. 25.5% due to maturation failure (p=0.044; RR 2.0 [1.01-3,94]) and in 2.0% vs. 1.8% due to complications which lead to surgical closure (p=1). During the follow-up period, 52.0% vs. 43.6% patients started hemodialysis (p=0.32). Of these patients, 79.2% vs. 50.0% started hemodialysis with a functioning fistula, p=0.009 (RR 0.63 [0.41-0.96]) while the remaining needed a central venous catheter (RR 2.41 [1.24-4.67]). In multivariate analysis, age ≥75 years and the number of previous fistulawere predictors of failure: OR 3.70 (CI: 1.37-9.98) and 11.65 (CI: 5.04-26.93), respectively. In conclusion, elderly patients had more primary fistula failure. The need of central venous catheter due to non-functioning fistula at time of dialysis initiation was higher in the elderly. Older age (≥ 75 years) and the number of previously placed fistulas seem to predict fistula failure