ABSTRACT In the last decades, the global incidence of arboviruses transmitted by the vector Aedes aegypti has increased dramatically with the increased oh human mobility and urbanization. The study of the mosquito population is of great importance for public health in countries where climatic and environmental conditions are favorable for the spread of these diseases transmitted by A. aegypti. This was a cross-sectional study that assessed causal relationships between why mosquitoes are prevalent in the region studied and socioeconomic variables, practices, knowledge, attitudes, and the effect of the cause in two regions chosen according to vulnerability (São Paulo Social Vulnerability Index). Of the 435 residents interviewed, 95% (413/435) were informed about vector control and claimed to contribute to the day-to-day sanitary practices necessary to combat it, in addition to being able to identify it. Most participants in both regions believed they were at risk, but vector control practices did not match those recorded in the survey. A correlation was found between the population’s level of education and the practices observed. Despite the high levels of knowledge and the perceptions of the interviewed population about A. aegypti, the erroneous behavior of the residents persisted, thus hindering disease prevention and vector control actions, promoting the conditions conducive to the proliferation of the vector, and, consequently, increasing the risk of disease. The study indicated that one of the most effective means to control the A. aegypti vector is a society informed about preventive measures in the surveillance sectors.

Resumo O leite possui extremo valor na dieta humana e constitui um excelente substrato para o crescimento de grande diversidade de microrganismos, dentre eles o Staphylococcus aureus, frequentemente encontrado no leite cru, e que se destaca como um dos microrganismos mais prevalentes em casos de mastite bovina no mundo. Objetivou-se avaliar a sensibilidade de cepas de S. aureus isoladas de leite cru à antimicrobianos comerciais. Para isso, selecionaram-se antibióticos com base em pesquisas junto a estabelecimentos comerciais de medicamentos veterinários no município de Zé Doca, Estado do Maranhão, Brasil. Esses antibióticos foram identificados por associação à base de penicilina, estreptomicina, isoniazida e prednisolona (BPC), oxitetraciclina base (TOR), associação à base de penicilina e estreptomicina (MPP) e cloridrato de tetraciclina (TCA). Posteriormente, realizou-se contagem de Staphylococcus spp., com isolamento e identificação bioquímica das cepas de S. aureus as quais, em seguida, foram submetidas à antibiogramas com identificação de ce,pas produtoras de beta-lactamase. Os resultados demonstraram contaminação em todas as amostras por Staphylococcus spp., com contagens de 1,9 x 103 a 5,24 x 106 UFC/mL. Dentre os antibióticos testados, o TOR apresentou maior eficiência na eliminação ou redução de todas as cepas de S. aureus. Verificou-se que 50% das cepas de S. aureus isoladas produziram enzima beta-lactamase. Torna-se necessário a criação de medidas de combate ao surgimento de novas cepas bacterianas e atuação das autoridades públicas, fiscalizando a comercialização de medicamentos veterinários.

Abstract Milk is extremelly valuable to the human diet and an excellent substrate for the growth of a wide range of microorganisms, including Staphylococcus aureus, frequently found in raw milk and one of the most prevalent microorganisms in cases of bovine mastitis in the world. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of S. aureus strains isolated from raw milk to commercial antimicrobials. For this end, antibiotics based on research were selected from commercial establishments of veterinary drugs in the municipality of Zé Doca (Maranhão State, Brazil). The antibiotics were identified by association with penicillin, streptomycin, isoniazid and prednisolone (PCB), oxytetracycline base (TOR), a combination of penicillin and streptomycin (MPP), and tetracycline hydrochloride (TCA). Subsequently, Staphylococcus spp. counting was perfomed, with isolation and biochemical identification of strains of S. aureus, which were then submitted to antibiograms with identification of beta-lactamase producing strains. The results showed contamination in all samples by Staphylococcus spp., with counts ranging from 1.9 x 103 to 5.24 x 106 CFU/mL. Among the antibiotics tested, TOR showed the highest efficiency in elimination or reduction of all S. aureus strains. We found that 50% of S. aureus strains isolated produced the enzyme beta-lactamase. It is necessary to create measures to combat the emergence of new bacterial strains and to promote action by public authorities, supervising the commercialization of veterinary drugs.

Objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade microbiológica do peixe serra (S. brasiliensis) desembarcado no município de Raposa (MA) e do gelo utilizado na sua conservação. As amostras de gelo e de peixe serra foram submetidas às análises de determinação do Número Mais Provável (NMP) de Coliformes Totais, Termotolerantes e Escherichia coli. Para as amostras de peixe, realizou-se ainda pesquisa de Staphylococcuscoagulase positivo, Salmonellaspp. e Aeromonasspp. Aplicou-se aos pescadores um questionário com 20 perguntas referentes à manipulação do pescado. As amostras de gelo apresentaram qualidade microbiológica insatisfatória. O peixe serra encontrou-se contaminado por A. hydrophila, podendo veicular este agente ao ser consumido pela população.

This study aimed at evaluating the microbiological quality of the saw fish (S. brasiliensis) landed in the city of Raposa (MA) and the ice used in its conservation. Samples of ice and saw fish were subjected to analysis to determine the Most Probable Number (MPN) of coliforms, thermo-tolerants and Escherichia coli. Fish samples were also tested for Staphylococcus coagulase positive, Salmonellaspp. and Aeromonas spp. Fishermen were given a questionnaire with 20 questions concerning the handling of the fish. The ice samples showed unsatisfactory microbiological quality. The saw fish was contaminated with A. hydrophila, which means it could convey this agent to be consumed by the population.