The Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), is considered one of the main pests that affect fruit production in the world. This insect spends part of its life cycle in the soil, making it a target for entomopathogenic nematodes. This work aimed at evaluating the influence of soil temperature and moisture on the infectivity of Heterorhabditis sp. RSC01 and Steinernema carpocapsae ALL to third-instars of C. capitata, and to compare the efficiency of these isolates at five different soil temperatures (19, 22, 25, 28, and 31°C) and three levels of relative soil moisture (100, 75, and 50% of field capacity). Ten C. capitata larvae were transferred to plastic jars (12 cm × 6 cm) containing 100 g soil, followed by the application of an aqueous suspension containing 125 infective juveniles (IJ)/cm². In the control treatment, 3 ml of distilled water was applied. Mortality evaluations were made five days later and were confirmed by observations of the characteristic symptoms and cadaver dissection. The infectivity was directly proportional to temperature increase, with maximum percent mortality of 86.7% and 80.0% for S. carpocapsae and Heterorhabditis sp., respectively, at 31°C. At 25°C, the highest mortality for both species was obtained at 75% of field capacity (96.7% and 26.7% for S. carpocapsae and Heterorhabditis sp., respectively).

Neste trabalho, buscou-se avaliar o efeito da adubação com lodo de esgoto submetido a diferentes processos de higienização, sobre os teores de metais pesados e densidade de patógenos no solo e em grãos de milho e feijão caupi consorciados. Os tratamentos no delineamento em blocos casualizados, com três repetições, corresponderam a: Solo sem adubação; Calagem e adubação química; Lodo não higienizado; Lodo higienizado com nim; Lodo higienizado com cal; Composto de lodo e ipomoea; Composto de lodo e ipomoea com fosfato; Lodo não higienizado e fosfato no solo; Lodo higienizado com nim e fosfato no solo; Lodo higienizado com cal e fosfato no solo; Composto de lodo e ipomoea e fosfato no solo. As densidades de patógenos no solo foram extremamente baixas e não diferiram entre tratamentos. As concentrações de metais pesados no solo, mesmo com uso do lodo de esgoto, não extrapolaram os limites máximos de adição anual nem os limites máximos permitidos para solos; apesar disso, as concentrações de Pb em grãos de milho, e de Pb e Cr em grãos de feijão, atingiram valores acima dos limites permitidos para produtos agrícolas, independente da adição de lodo ao solo. Em geral, não houve influência dos tipos de lodo de esgoto em relação aos teores de metais pesados, em grãos de milho e feijão.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of fertilization with sewage sludge submitted to different treatments of sanitization on contamination with heavy metals and pathogens in soil and grains of maize - cowpea intercropping system. The experimental design was completely randomized blocks with three replicates, corresponding to: soil without fertilization; liming and chemical fertilization; sewage sludge; sewage sludge sanitized with nim; sewage sludge sanitized with lime; composted sewage sludge and ipomoea; sewage sludge and ipomoea composted with rock phosphate; sewage sludge with rock phosphate incorporated in the soil; sewage sludge sanitized with nim and rock phosphate incorporated in the soil; sewage sludge sanitized with lime and rock phosphate incorporated in the soil; sewage sludge and ipomoea composted with rock phosphate incorporated in the soil. The pathogen density in the soil was extremely low and there were no differences between treatments. The heavy metal concentrations in the soil, including sewage sludge, did not surpass the maximum limits of annual addition and the permissible maximum limits for soils. In spite of this, the concentrations of Pb in maize grains, and Pb and Cr in cowpea grains, reached values above the limits permitted for agricultural products, independent of the addition of sewage sludge in the soil. In general, no influence of type of sewage sludge in relation to content of heavy metals in grains of corn and cowpea was observed.