Abstract Objective To evaluate the functionality in patients with adhesive capsulitis undergoing suprascapular nerve block (SSNB). Methods A before-and-after clinical prospective study in a single center was conducted with patients with secondary adhesive capsulitis treated with four nerve blocks based on anatomical limits. The sample was non-probabilistic, and it was obtained after a routine appointment at a specialized outpatient clinic. The instruments used for evaluation were the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire, which were applied at baseline (T0), one week after the fourth SSNB (T4), and three months after the first SSNB (T12). The paired t-test was used to compare the means of the ICF checklist items and DASH in the different: T0xT4;T4xT12;and T0xT12). The probability of rejecting the null hypothesis was 5%. Results The sample was composed of 25 individuals with a mean age of 58.16 years; 16 of them were female. The duration of the pain symptoms ranged from 2 to 16 months, with a mean of 5.92 months. The ICF checklist showed that all domains had already improved in T4 except for the environmental factors, which only improved at 03 months (p = 0.037). The patients reported improvements in shoulder function in T4, which increased more in T12, at the end of data collection (p = 0.019). Conclusion The SSNB technique is effective in patients with adhesive capsulitis after4 weeks of application, with improvements in individual's functionality lasting for 12 weeks.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a funcionalidade em pacientes com capsulite adesiva submetidos a bloqueio do nervo supraescapular (BNSE). Métodos Um estudo clínico prospectivo do tipo antes e depois foi realizado em um único centro com pacientes com capsulite adesiva secundária tratados com quatro bloqueios baseados em limites anatômicos. A amostra foi não probabilística, tendo sido obtida após consulta de rotina em ambulatório especializado. Os instrumentos utilizados para avaliação foram a Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde (CIF) e o questionário de Disfunções do Braço, Ombro e Mão (DASH), que foram aplicados antes da intervenção (T0), uma semana após o quarto BNSE (T4),etrêsapósoprimeiroBNSE(T12).AsmédiasdositensdaCIFedoDASHnos diferentes tempos (T0 x T4; T4 x T12; e T0 x T12) foram comparadas por meio do teste t pareado. A probabilidade de rejeitar a hipótese nula foi de 5%. Resultados A amostra foi composta por 25 indivíduos com média de idade de 58,16 anos; 16 eram mulheres. A duração dos sintomas dolorosos variou de 2 a 16 meses, com média de 5,92 meses. A CIF mostrou que todos os domínios já haviam melhorado em T4 à exceção dos fatores ambientais, que só melhoraram aos 3 meses (p = 0,037). Os pacientes já relataram melhora na função do ombro em T4 emaisainda em T12,ao finaldacoletadedados (p = 0,019). Conclusão A técnica de BNSE é eficaz em pacientes com capsulite adesiva após 4 semanas de aplicação, com melhora da funcionalidade do indivíduo e sua manutenção até 12 semanas.

Abstract Objective The present study aimed to assess the association between anxiety and depression symptoms in patients with adhesive capsulitis. Methods This was a cross-sectional study carried out in a single center from a tertiary hospital with patients presenting with secondary adhesive capsulitis. The control group did not have shoulder disease, thyroid disease, anxiety, and/or depression. The instrument used was the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). An analysis of covariance compared HADS scores between groups. The significance level was 5%. Results The final sample consisted of 17 patients (case group) and 27 (control group). The Shapiro-Wilk test revealed normal distribution (p> 0.05). A HADS score > 0.70 (Cronbach alpha) was reliable and presented good internal consistency. Patients with adhesive capsulitis reported “doubtful” (average/standard deviation = 8.88/4.50) “anxious symptoms” (p= 0.019) but no “depressive symptoms” (average/standard deviation = 6.41/3.69), despite p= 0.015. Conclusion There is a “doubtful” positive association between anxiety symptoms and adhesive capsulitis but a negative association with depressive symptoms.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a associação entre sintomas ansiosos e depressivos em pacientes com capsulite adesiva. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado em centro único de um hospital terciário com pacientes portadores de capsulite adesiva secundária. O grupo controle não apresentava doença do ombro, tireoidopatias e nem ansiedade e/ou depressão. O instrumento utilizado foi a escala hospitalar de ansiedade e depressão. A análise da covariância foi utilizada para comparação dos escores do Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS, na sigla em inglês) entre os grupos. O nível de significância foi de 5%. Resultados A amostra final foi de 17 pacientes (caso) e 27 (controle). Os dados amostrais apresentaram distribuição normal por meio do teste de Shapiro-Wilk (p> 0,05). A instrumento HADS com pontuação > 0,70 (alfa de Cronbach) se mostrou confiável e com boa consistência interna. Os pacientes com capsulite adesiva, no quesito “sintomas ansiosos” (p= 0,019), relataram sintomas no patamar de “duvidosos” (média/desvio padrão = 8,88/4,50). Eles não apresentaram “sintomas depressivos” (média/desvio padrão = 6,41/3,69), apesar do p= 0,015. Conclusão Existe uma associação positiva “duvidosa” entre sintomas ansiosos e capsulite adesiva, mas negativa para sintomas depressivos.

Abstract Introduction There is growing interest in the fields of psychiatry and psychology in investigating the relationship between personality and psychopathology. The Big-5 is a model developed to investigate five personality dimensions: Extroversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness. In the present study, we describe the process of translation into Brazilian Portuguese and adaptation of a free tool to evaluate the Big-5 model: The Big-5 Inventory (BFI). The instrument has 44 items with a Likert response scale ranging from 1 to 5. Objectives To translate and adapt the BFI into Brazilian Portuguese. Methods The adaptation was conducted in the following steps: 1) Translation, 2) Evaluation Committee, 3) Back-translation, 4) Pilot study, 5) Evaluation Committee, and 6) Application. The sample comprised 490 participants from various regions of Brazil. The participants’ ages ranged from 18 to 71 years, most of them had completed high school (62.9%), and the majority were women (75%). Results A model with the following fit indexes was found: χ2/df: 1.954; goodness fit index (GFI): 0.924; comparative fit index (CFI): 0.920; and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA): 0.044. Conclusion The results are suggestive that the Brazilian version of this instrument has good psychometric properties and represent a cost-free option for investigating associations with the Big-5 in psychiatry.

Abstract Objective Adhesive capsulitis is a condition characterized by shoulder pain and stiffness. Breast cancer treatment has been linked to the development of this condition, but its mechanisms are still little known. This study's objective was to identify predictors factors associated with the development of adhesive capsulitis in breast cancer patients. Methods A case control study was performed with women undergoing treatment for breast cancer in a single center. The sampling was nonprobabilistic and consecutive. Adhesive capsulitis was defined as constant pain associated with decreased active and passive shoulder movement in anterior elevation, external rotation at 0°/90° abduction, and internal rotation at 90° abduction. The study group consisted of patients with shoulder pain and range of motion limitations, while the control group consisted of women without any shoulder abnormalities. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were collected. A univariate logistic regression was used to assess the influence of variables on the studied outcome. For p< 0.20, a multivariate logistic regression was used. The probability of null hypothesis rejection was 5%. Results A total of 145 women were assessed, with 39 (26.9%) on the study group and 106 (73.1%) on the control group. The majority was under 60 years old. In the multivariate analysis, variables correlated to the outcome under study were shoulder immobilization (OR = 3.09; 95% CI: 1.33–7.18; p= 0.009), lymphedema (OR = 5.09; 95% CI: 1.81–14.35; p= 0.002), and obesity (OR = 3.91; 95% CI: 1.27–12.01; p= 0.017). Conclusion Lymphedema, postsurgery immobilization, and obesity are predictive factors for the development of adhesive capsulitis in breast cancer patients.

Resumo Objetivo Capsulite adesiva é uma afecção caracterizada por dor e limitação dos movimentos do ombro. O tratamento do câncer de mama está relacionado ao desenvolvimento dessa doença por meio de mecanismos ainda pouco conhecidos. O objetivo do estudo foi identificar os fatores associados ao desenvolvimento de capsulite adesiva em pacientes com câncer de mama. Métodos Um estudo caso-controle foi realizado com mulheres em tratamento para câncer de mama em um centro único. A amostra foi consecutiva e não-probabilística. A capsulite adesiva foi pré-definida como dor constante e diminuição da amplitude de movimentos em elevação anterior, rotação externa em 0°/90° abdução e rotação interna em 90° abdução. O grupo caso foi constituído por pacientes com dor e limitação de todos os movimentos do ombro, enquanto o controle por pacientes sem qualquer alteração nesta articulação. Variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas foram coletadas. Foi realizada uma análise de regressão logística univariada para avaliar a influência das variáveis em relação ao desfecho estudado. Para valores de p< 0,20, realizou-se a análise de regressão logística multivariada. A probabilidade de se rejeitar a hipótese nula foi de 5%. Resultados Foram avaliadas 145 mulheres, sendo 39 casos (26,9%) casos e 106 controles (73,1%). Na análise multivariada, as variáveis associadas ao desfecho estudado foram imobilização do ombro (OR = 3,09; 95% IC: 1,33–7,18; p= 0,009), linfedema (OR = 5,09; 95% IC: 1,81–14,35; p= 0,002) e obesidade (OR = 3,91; 95% IC: 1,27–12,01; p= 0,017). Conclusão Linfedema, imobilização pós-cirúrgica e obesidade são fatores preditores associados ao desenvolvimento de capsulite adesiva em pacientes com câncer de mama.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the performance of orthopedic residents while conducting clinical examinations. Methods The Mini Clinical Evaluation Exercise (Mini-CEX) was applied by three teaching doctors at four different moments. The instrument was adapted by the authors for use in orthopedics, with the development of descriptors for each evaluated skill. Supervisors were trained to use the Mini-CEX by the principal investigator through teaching materials and discussions, with standardization of the instrument descriptors. Results The mean scores obtained in the 4 evaluations for each of the 21 residents reveal improvement in the performances of residents in all skills assessed from the 1st to the 4th meeting. Conclusions We have found that the performance of orthopedic residents presented a satisfactory evolution, with progressive improvement in all skills.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar o desempenho de residentes de ortopedia na realização de exames clínicos. Métodos O Mini-CEX foi aplicado por três docentes em quatro momentos distintos. O instrumento foi adaptado pelos autores para uso em ortopedia, com desenvolvimento de descritores para cada habilidade avaliada. Os supervisores foram treinados pelo pesquisador principal para utilização do Mini-CEX por meio de materiais didáticos e discussões e os descritores do instrumento foram padronizados. Resultados As pontuações médias obtidas nas quatro avaliações de cada um dos 21 residentes revelaram melhora no desempenho de todas as habilidades entre o primeiro e o quarto encontro. Conclusões O desempenho dos residentes em ortopedia apresentou evolução satisfatória, com melhora progressiva de todas as habilidades.

Abstract This article aims to investigate the association between maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) with the incidence of frailty syndrome (FS), in addition to testing the predictive ability of MIP and MEP to discriminate FS in elderly adults, according to sex. It is a longitudinal study with a five-year follow-up period (2014-2019), carried out with 104 elderly adults registered in the Family Health Strategy of a municipality in Bahia. The incidence of frailty syndrome was diagnosed according to criteria proposed by Fried et al., using data from 2019, after a five-year follow-up. The MIP and MEP were evaluated according to the recommendations of the Brazilian Society of Pulmonology and Phthisiology data in 2014 (baseline data). The total incidence of frailty syndrome was 16.3% (95%CI: 9.2-23.6), with 13.6% (95%CI: 4.56-22.55) in women and 20% (95%CI: 7.85-32.15) in men. The mean values of MIP and MEP were, respectively, 60,8±21,2 cmH2O and 76,7±23,1 cmH2O in women, and 79,5±27,0 cmH2O and 114,7±29,8 cmH2O in men. The frailty syndrome was associated with MEP in elderly adult men (adjusted RR: 0.96; 95%CI: 0.95-0.98; P-value: 0.002), indicating that the increase of 1cmH2O in MEP reduces by 4% the risk of developing the syndrome.

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é investigar a associação entre a Pressão Inspiratória Máxima (PImáx) e Pressão Expiratória Máxima (PEmáx) com a incidência da síndrome de fragilidade (SF), além de testar a capacidade preditiva da PImáx e PEmáx em discriminar a SF em idosos, de acordo com o sexo. Estudo longitudinal com cinco anos de seguimento (2014-2019), realizado com 104 idosos cadastrados na Estratégia Saúde da Família de um município da Bahia. A incidência da síndrome de fragilidade foi diagnosticada de acordo os critérios propostos por Fried et al., utilizando dados de 2019, após cinco anos de seguimento. A PImáx e PEmáx foram avaliadas conforme recomendações da Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia em 2014 (linha de base). A incidência total da SF foi de 16,3% (IC95%: 9,2-23,6), sendo 13,6% (IC95%: 4,56-22,55) no sexo feminino e 20,0% (IC95%: 7,85-32,15) no sexo masculino. Os valores médios da PImáx e PEmáx foram, respectivamente, 60,8±21,2 cmH2O e 76,7±23,1 cmH2O no sexo feminino, e 79,5±27,0 cmH2Oe 114,7±29,8 cmH2O no sexo masculino. A SF esteve associada à PEmáx em idosos do sexo masculino (RR ajustado: 0,96; IC95%: 0,95-0,98; p-valor: 0,002), indicando que o aumento de 1 cmH2O da PEmáx reduz em 4% o risco de desenvolver a síndrome de fragilidade.

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é investigar a associação entre a Pressão Inspiratória Máxima (PImáx) e Pressão Expiratória Máxima (PEmáx) com a incidência da síndrome de fragilidade (SF), além de testar a capacidade preditiva da PImáx e PEmáx em discriminar a SF em idosos, de acordo com o sexo. Estudo longitudinal com cinco anos de seguimento (2014-2019), realizado com 104 idosos cadastrados na Estratégia Saúde da Família de um município da Bahia. A incidência da síndrome de fragilidade foi diagnosticada de acordo os critérios propostos por Fried et al., utilizando dados de 2019, após cinco anos de seguimento. A PImáx e PEmáx foram avaliadas conforme recomendações da Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia em 2014 (linha de base). A incidência total da SF foi de 16,3% (IC95%: 9,2-23,6), sendo 13,6% (IC95%: 4,56-22,55) no sexo feminino e 20,0% (IC95%: 7,85-32,15) no sexo masculino. Os valores médios da PImáx e PEmáx foram, respectivamente, 60,8±21,2 cmH2O e 76,7±23,1 cmH2O no sexo feminino, e 79,5±27,0 cmH2Oe 114,7±29,8 cmH2O no sexo masculino. A SF esteve associada à PEmáx em idosos do sexo masculino (RR ajustado: 0,96; IC95%: 0,95-0,98; p-valor: 0,002), indicando que o aumento de 1 cmH2O da PEmáx reduz em 4% o risco de desenvolver a síndrome de fragilidade.

Abstract This article aims to investigate the association between maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) with the incidence of frailty syndrome (FS), in addition to testing the predictive ability of MIP and MEP to discriminate FS in elderly adults, according to sex. It is a longitudinal study with a five-year follow-up period (2014-2019), carried out with 104 elderly adults registered in the Family Health Strategy of a municipality in Bahia. The incidence of frailty syndrome was diagnosed according to criteria proposed by Fried et al., using data from 2019, after a five-year follow-up. The MIP and MEP were evaluated according to the recommendations of the Brazilian Society of Pulmonology and Phthisiology data in 2014 (baseline data). The total incidence of frailty syndrome was 16.3% (95%CI: 9.2-23.6), with 13.6% (95%CI: 4.56-22.55) in women and 20% (95%CI: 7.85-32.15) in men. The mean values of MIP and MEP were, respectively, 60,8±21,2 cmH2O and 76,7±23,1 cmH2O in women, and 79,5±27,0 cmH2O and 114,7±29,8 cmH2O in men. The frailty syndrome was associated with MEP in elderly adult men (adjusted RR: 0.96; 95%CI: 0.95-0.98; P-value: 0.002), indicating that the increase of 1cmH2O in MEP reduces by 4% the risk of developing the syndrome.

ABSTRACT The present research aimed to analyze the motor skills of healthy children aged six to 12 years, identify potential factors associated with deficits in motor performance and synthesize the instruments used for assessment. The descriptors used were: healthy child; healthy children; motor skills; psychomotor performance and motor performance in English, Portuguese and Spanish in Scielo, Lilacs and Pubmed databases. Two independent reviewers performed the study selection, data extraction and methodological quality analysis. The search was restricted to original articles from observational studies published between 1997 and 2018. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) instruments. Results: In the initial search, 4746 references were found, and 165 full articles were read, resulting in 11 articles for fine review after using the exclusion criteria. The girls showed worse performance. The instruments used were: Test for Gross Motor Development Second Edition (TGMD-2); Koperkoordination test fur Kinder (KTK); Movement Assessment Battery for Children Second Edition (MABC-2); and Movement Assessment Battery for Children Second Edition (MABC). TGMD-2 and KTK assess gross motor skills, whereas the MABC and MABC-2 tests also assess fine motor skills. This literature review showed that the motor skills of healthy children aged 6 to 12 years were considered satisfactory in five studies and that six children had a motor delay. The most frequent was the Test of Gross Motor Development Second Edition (TGMD-2).

RESUMO O objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar as habilidades motoras de crianças saudáveis de seis a 12 anos, identificar potenciais fatores associados aos déficits no desempenho motor e sintetizar os instrumentos usados para avaliação. Os descritores utilizados foram: criança saudável; crianças saudáveis; habilidade motora; desempenho psicomotor e desempenho motor, nos idiomas inglês, português e espanhol. Nas bases de dados Scielo, Lilacs e Pubmed. Dois revisores realizaram a seleção dos estudos, extração de dados e análise da qualidade. A busca foi restrita a artigos transversais publicados entre 1997 e 2018. A qualidade dos estudos foi avaliada pelo Checklist for Analytical Cross Sectional Studies do Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Na busca inicial encontrou-se 4.746 referências, foram lidos 165 artigos, resultando em 11 artigos para a revisão final. As meninas demonstraram pior desempenho. Os instrumentos encontrados foram: Test for Gross Motor Development Second Edition-TGMD2; Koperkoordination test fur Kinder-KTK; Movement Assessment Battery for Children-MABC e Movement Assessment Battery for Children Second Edition-MABC-2. Os testes MABC e MABC-2 avaliam além de motricidade grossa também motricidade fina. As habilidades motoras de crianças de seis a 12 anos foram consideradas satisfatórias em cinco estudos e em seis as crianças apresentaram atraso motor. O TGMD2 foi o instrumento o mais frequente.

RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar as pressões respiratórias máximas e parâmetros espirométricos entre idosos classificados como sem sarcopenia, sarcopenia provável e sarcopenia confirmada e testar a capacidade dessas variáveis de discriminar sarcopenia em idosos residentes em comunidade. Métodos: Estudo transversal envolvendo 221 idosos (≥ 60 anos) de ambos os sexos. Sarcopenia foi diagnosticada de acordo com o novo consenso do Grupo de Trabalho Europeu sobre Sarcopenia em Pessoas Idosas. As pressões respiratórias máximas e parâmetros espirométricos foram avaliados. Resultados: As prevalências de sarcopenia provável e sarcopenia confirmada foram de 20,4% e 4,1%, respectivamente. Independentemente do sexo, aqueles com sarcopenia confirmada apresentaram PEmáx significativamente menor do que aqueles sem sarcopenia e provável sarcopenia, enquanto apenas os homens com sarcopenia confirmada apresentaram PImáx significativamente menor do que os outros indivíduos. Houve uma associação inversa de PImáx e PEmáx com sarcopenia, indicando que a diminuição de 1 cmH2O nesses parâmetros aumenta a chance de sarcopenia em 8% e 7%, respectivamente. Os parâmetros espirométricos não foram associados à sarcopenia. Os pontos de corte para PImáx e PEmáx, respectivamente, foram ≤ 46 cmH2O e ≤ 50 cmH2O para mulheres idosas, enquanto foram ≤ 63 cmH2O e ≤ 92 cmH2O para homens idosos, e ambas foram identificadas como preditores de sarcopenia (ASC ROC > 0,70). Conclusões: A sarcopenia associou-se a pressões respiratórias máximas mais baixas, mas não a parâmetros espirométricos. As pressões respiratórias máximas podem ser usadas como marcadores de sarcopenia em idosos residentes em comunidade, independentemente do sexo.

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare maximum respiratory pressures and spirometric parameters among elderly individuals classified as having no sarcopenia, probable sarcopenia, and confirmed sarcopenia, and to test the ability of these variables to discriminate sarcopenia in a community-dwelling elderly population. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving 221 elderly (≥ 60 years of age) individuals of both sexes. Sarcopenia was diagnosed in accordance with the new consensus of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. Maximum respiratory pressures and spirometry parameters were assessed. Results: The prevalences of probable sarcopenia and confirmed sarcopenia were 20.4% and 4.1%, respectively. Regardless of the sex, those with confirmed sarcopenia had significantly lower MEP than those with no sarcopenia and probable sarcopenia, whereas only males with confirmed sarcopenia presented with significantly lower MIP than did the other individuals. There was an inverse association of MIP and MEP with sarcopenia, indicating that the decrease by 1 cmH2O in these parameters increases the chance of sarcopenia by 8% and 7%, respectively. Spirometric parameters were not associated with sarcopenia. Cutoff points for MIP and MEP, respectively, were ≤ 46 cmH2O and ≤ 50 cmH2O for elderly women, whereas they were ≤ 63 cmH2O and ≤ 92 cmH2O for elderly men, and both were identified as predictors of sarcopenia (area under the ROC curve > 0.70). Conclusions: Sarcopenia was associated with lower maximum respiratory pressures, but not with spirometric parameters. Maximum respiratory pressures can be used as markers of sarcopenia in a community-dwelling elderly population regardless of the sex.

Abstract Aim: Anthropometry represents an alternative to the evaluation of nutritional status and screening of events related to muscle fitness. Therefore, this study aimed to compare anthropometric indicators of postmenopausal women with and without dynapenia and to identify the predictive capacity of these indicators to screen the respective outcome in this population. Methods: Cross-sectional epidemiological study, conducted with postmenopausal women. Dynapenia was diagnosed by handgrip strength < 20 kgf. Arm (AC), abdominal (AbC), hip (HC) and calf circumferences (CC), triceps, biceps, subscapular, supraspinatus and thigh skinfolds were analyzed. Body Mass Index, Conicity Index (CI), Body Adiposity Index (BAI), Waist to Hip and Waist to Height Ratio (WHtR), Corrected Arm Muscle Area (CAMA) and Arm Muscle Circumference (AMC) were calculated. Results: A total of 273 women participated in the study. The BAI, WHtR, and CI did not present significant differences between the groups. For the other indicators, the dynapenic group obtained significantly lower values compared to the non-dynapenic. AC was the indicator with the highest sensitivity to screen for postmenopausal dynapenia (79.8%). While CAMA and AMC were the indicators with the best specificity (86.2%). However, CC showed the best balance between sensitivity (67.5%) and specificity (63.0%). Conclusion: The indicators AC, CAMA, and/or the AMC can be used together, or CC alone, to predict postmenopausal women with dynapenia. Therefore, these indicators can be used as important epidemiological tools to improve women's health surveillance actions.

Abstract Aim: This study aimed to identify the prevalence and factors associated with dynapenia in older women, considering different cutoff points as diagnostic criteria. Methods: This epidemiological study was conducted with 205 older women (72.7 ± 7.1 years). Dynapenia was diagnosed using the handgrip strength test (HGS) using two cutoff points (< 16 or < 20 kgf). Socio-demographic, behavioral, and health status information was obtained from a specific form; nutritional status was assessed by body mass index, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire identified the level of physical activity. Results: The prevalence of dynapenia was 14.1% (HGS < 16 kgf) and 46.3% (HGS < 20 kgf) (p < 0.001). It was also observed that older women with family income ≤ 1 minimum wage and those with low weight presented, respectively, 2.22 (95%CI: 1.12-4.39) and 4.72 (95%CI: 1.64-13.58) times higher probability of dynapenia identified by HGS < 16 kgf. Moreover, for the cutoff point < 20 kgf, the probability of dynapenia was higher in women aged ≥ 80 years (PR:1.91; 95%CI: 1.23-2.95), in insufficiently active women (PR: 1.34; 95%CI: 1.01-2.57), among those with low weight (PR: 1.61; 95%CI: 1.01-2.57), and in those who reported falls (PR:1.42; 95%CI: 1.04-1.96). Conclusion: Therefore, it is concluded that there is a difference between the prevalence and factors associated with dynapenia when different cutoff points are adopted.

RESUMEN En el cultivo del frijol existen diversas especies de insectos que pueden ocasionar perjuicios a la productividad y enemigos naturales que pueden ayudar a regular sus poblaciones. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la entomofauna asociada a 20 genotipos de frijol y correlacionar la interacción entre los insectos utilizando análisis multivariado. Las especies más abundantes en el sistema estudiado fueron Sternechus subsignatus (Curculionidae: Sternechini), Euschistus heros (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) y Diabrotica speciosa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Las tres especies presentaron correlación directa entre sí. El cultivo del frijol en estudio presentó tres especies de chinches consideradas importantes plagas. Las especies Cerotoma arcuata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) y Edessa meditabunda meditabunda (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) presentaron correlación inversa entre sí.

ABSTRACT There are several species of insects that can cause damage to productivity and natural enemies that can help to regulate populations in beans cultivation. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the entomofauna associated with 20 bean genotypes and correlate the interaction between insects using multivariate analysis. The most abundant species in the studied system were Sternechus subsignatus Boheman, 1836 (Curculionidae: Sternechini), Euschistus heros (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), and Diabrotica speciosa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). All three species showed direct correlation with each other. The bean crop under study presented three species of stinkbugs considered important pests. The species Cerotoma arcuata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and Edessa meditabunda (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) presented inverse correlation with each other.

Abstract The medical activity can be seen in different contexts, both in clinical practice and in scientific research. The concept of clinical practice is every act performed on a patient with the objective of diagnosing or treating illnesses. On the other hand, clinical research questions different aspects related to human health. This study initially seeks to clarify the aspects and components that guide the doctor-patient relationship and communication, defining the ethical values of this practice, from which the medical professional models its character, through a relationship between the principles addressed in the scope of their ethics. health professionals. The demonstration of an adequate and healthy relationship between medical professionals and their patients is necessary and fundamental through respect and mainly through the principle of autonomy, since every human being must be recognized as an end and duen of symbolism, hence medical activities include processes that involve life, health and physical integrity. Thus, this work will address the various aspects of medical ethics, in relation to the context of the clinical practice of the doctor.

Resumen La actividad médica se puede ver en dos contextos diferentes, tanto en la práctica clínica como en la investigación científica. El concepto de práctica clínica es todo acto realizado sobre un paciente con el objetivo de diagnosticar o tratar enfermedades. Por otro lado, la investigación clínica cuestiona diferentes aspectos relacionados con la salud humana. Este estudio busca inicialmente esclarecer los aspectos y componentes que orientan la relación y comunicación médico-paciente, definiendo los valores éticos de esta práctica, donde el profesional médico modela su carácter, mediante una relación entre los principios abordados en el ámbito de la ética de los profesionales de la salud. La demostración de una adecuada y sana relación de los profesionales médicos con sus pacientes es necesaria y fundamental a través del respeto y principalmente a través del principio de autonomía, ya que todo ser humano debe ser reconocido como fin y dueño de sí mismo, donde las actividades médicas comprenden procesos que involucran vida, salud e integridad física. Así, el presente trabajo abordará los diversos aspectos de la ética médica, en relación con el contexto de la práctica clínica del médico.

RESUMO Objetivo Comparar a composição corporal de mulheres na pós-menopausa com e sem dinapenia a partir de diferentes pontos de corte. Métodos A composição corporal foi avaliada por bioimpedância elétrica e o estado nutricional pelo índice de massa corporal. A dinapenia foi diagnosticada por meio da força de preensão manual, utilizando-se os seguintes pontos de corte: força de preensão manual <16kgf e <20kgf. Resultados Participaram da pesquisa 171 mulheres (50 a 92 anos). A média de idade das não dinapênicas e das dinapênicas (força de preensão manual <20 kgf) foi 69,4±8,2 e 74,5±8,2 anos, respectivamente. As mulheres com dinapenia pela força de preensão manual <16kgf apresentaram média de idade de 75,0±10,1 anos e as não dinapênicas tinham, em média, 71,1±8,2 anos. Verificou-se que as mulheres dinapênicas, com força de preensão manual <20 e <16kgf, tinham em média 2,38 e 2,47kg a menos de massa muscular quando comparadas às não dinapênicas (p<0,05). Contudo, não foi observada diferença na massa muscular entre os diferentes grupos dinapênicos. As mulheres não dinapênicas (força de preensão manual ≥20kgf) apresentaram maior gordura total (3,55kg) e central (1,47kg) (p<0,05). Conclusão As mulheres dinapênicas, diagnosticadas por ambos os pontos de corte, apresentaram menor massa muscular total e por segmento em relação às não dinapênicas. Ademais, as dinapênicas com força de preensão manual <20kgf possuíam menor adiposidade total e no tronco.

ABSTRACT Objective To compare body composition of postmenopausal women with and without dynapenia, defined by different cut-off points. Methods Body composition was assessed by electrical bioimpedance and the nutritional status by the body mass index. Dynapenia was diagnosed according to handgrip strength, using the following cut-off points: handgrip strength <16kgf and <20 kgf. Results A total of 171 women (50 to 92 years of age) participated in the investigation. The mean age of non-dynapenic and dynapenic women (handgrip strength <20kgf) was 69.4±8.2 and 74.5±8.2 years, respectively. The mean age of women with dynapenia (handgrip strength <16kgf) was 75.0±10.1 years and non-dynapenic women, 71.1±8.2 years. It was found that dynapenic women, with handgrip strength <20 and <16kgf, had an average of 2.38 and 2.47kg less muscle mass respectively, when compared to non-dynapenic women (p<0.05). However, there was no difference in muscle mass between the different dynapenic groups. Non-dynapenic women (handgrip strength ≥20kgf) had more total (3.55kg) and central fat (1.47kg) (p<0.05). Conclusion Dynapenic women, diagnosed considering both cutoff points, had less total and segmental muscle mass compared to non-dynapenic women. In addition, dynapenic women with handgrip strength <20kgf had lower total and trunk adiposity.

Resumo: Introdução: O processo ensino-aprendizagem em saúde envolve um binômio: por um lado, o ensino (o docente e a instituição) e, por outro, o aluno e sua capacidade de interagir adequadamente nesse contexto. Assim como o ensinar demanda competências específicas, o aprender também exige dos alunos a capacidade de dominar as habilidades necessárias à aprendizagem. O feedback também deve ser entendido nesse sentido. Apesar de o feedback ser um tema frequente na literatura, poucas pesquisas abordam o seu significado e impacto na perspectiva dos discentes. Além disso, existe uma lacuna entre a literatura e a prática sobre o seu poder real no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Objetivo: Este estudo objetivou avaliar a compreensão de feedback por alunos de cursos de Medicina. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa com enfoque descritivo e exploratório, na modalidade de estudo de caso, com a utilização da técnica de grupo focal na coleta de dados e análise de conteúdo temática. Os participantes foram discentes do quarto ano ou oitavo período de três faculdades de Medicina localizadas no estado de Goiás. Resultado: As seguintes categorias emergiram: compreensão de feedback, frequência do feedback recebido, impacto dele no processo de ensino-aprendizagem e percepção sobre o feedback recebido. Os alunos compreenderam parcialmente o conceito de feedback, mas não reconheceram o feedback interno. Foi relatada uma baixa frequência de feedback e de sua relação com o professor, a disciplina e o tempo no curso relacionado ao tipo de currículo. Mesmo assim, os estudantes reconheceram os pontos impactantes do feedback no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, estando receptivos ao feedback efetivo. Conclusão: Embora conhecessem apenas parcialmente o significado de feedback e o vivenciassem de forma irregular, os estudantes de Medicina reconheceram o impacto dessa ferramenta no processo ensino-aprendizagem. Num contexto de alunos capacitados em conhecer sobre seu próprio conhecimento, verdadeiramente os emponderando no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, eles desenvolverão uma prática reflexiva constante de gerar o feedback interno, possibilitando que o impacto real do feedback no processo de ensino-aprendizado possa ser observado na prática conforme descrito na literatura.

Abstract: Introduction: The teaching-learning process in health involves a binomial: on the one hand, teaching (the teacher and the institution) and, on the other hand, the students and their ability to adequately interact in this context. Just as teaching requires specific skills, learning also requires students to be able to master the necessary skills for learning. Feedback should also be understood in this regard. Although feedback is a frequent topic in the literature, few studies have addressed its meaning and impact from the students’ perspective. Moreover, a gap has been identified between theory and practice regarding the real power of feedback in the teaching-learning process. Objective: This study aimed to assess medical students’ understanding of feedback. Method: This is a qualitative research with a descriptive and exploratory focus, carried out using in the case study modality, with the focus group technique in data collection and thematic content analysis. The participants were medical students attending the fourth-year or eighth-semester at three schools located in the state of Goiás, Brazil. Results: The following categories emerged: understanding of feedback, frequency of received feedback, impact of feedback on the teaching-learning process and perception about the received feedback. Students understood in part the concept of feedback, not recognizing the internal feedback. A low frequency of feedback was reported and depended on the teacher, subject and year/semester of the course related to the type of curriculum. Even so, the participants recognized the points of feedback that impact on the teaching-learning process and were receptive to effective feedback. Conclusion: Even though they knew the meaning of feedback only partially and experienced it irregularly, medical students recognized the impact of this tool on the teaching-learning process. In a context of students trained to know about their own knowledge, truly empowering them in the teaching-learning process, they will develop a constant reflective practice of generating internal feedback, allowing the actual impact of feedback on the teaching-learning process to be observed in practice, as described in the literature.